Post on 02-Apr-2018
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Wdosces, haoeids oek strotdi`ds `e qu`tt`ei krui ogusd olcei
ece-trdotldet sddf`ei krui usdrs
@r`sa ]oub`ed B. Drdc, Haorlo`ed Xol`aoa J. Wuokc
oek @est. Hor`edz Kdbo Hruz, L.O.
OGX[WOH[> Luha aos gdde wr`ttde ce tad pdcpbds pottdres cj krui
usd oek tad vory`ei johtcrs taot `lpdb tadl `etc okk`ht`ce oek
sugsdqudetby `etc rdhcvdry. Acwdvdr, tadrd `s o b`l`tdk eulgdr cj
`ejcrlot`ce ce ece-trdotldet sddf`ei `ek`v`kuobs cr tacsd pdcpbd wac
loeoidk tc jubby rdhcvdr ce tad`r cwe w`tacut oey jcrlob trdotldet cr
lutuob adbp oek acw tady lofd ldoe`ei cj tad`r rdhcvdry prchdss.
Krow`ei jrcl tad koto hcbbdhtdk tarcuia `ejcrlob `etdrv`dws, wd
dxol`ed tad jubb kdto`bdk dxpdr`dehds cj tad tde port`h`poets oek hold upw`ta tad hcestruht cj jcur lct`vot`ei johtcrs taot lokd tadl tc j`eobby
stcp us`ei kruis> tad `lpoht ce adobta, sch`ob ob`deot`ce, edw `etdrdsts,
oek tad gdb`dj taot ced hoe qu`t. Yd obsc saord tad rdbotdk dlct`ces,
ta`ef`ei, oek scurhd cj lct`vot`ce, gut lcrd sc tad cvdrobb prchdss cj
tad`r rdhcvdry tarcuia tad usd ceby cj tad`r wcrf, jol`by, oek jr`deks.
@E[WCKTH[@CE
Pcu hoe gd lct`votdk gy jdor, ycu hoe gdlct`votdk gy rdworks, gut gcta cj tadsd
ldtacks ord ceby tdlpcrory. [ad ceby
bost`ei ta`ei `s sdbj lct`vot`ce. Xubbc,
7==9
Os h`tdk gy J`dbks (7==9), gcta tad
Eot`ceob Hcueh`b ce Obhcacb`sl oek tad
Oldr`hoe Ldk`h`eob Ossch`ot`ce stotds taot
okk`ht`ce `s hces`kdrdk tc gd o harce`h
rdbops`ei k`sdosd. Jcr ta`s port`hubor stuky,wd w`bb gd jchus`ei lcrd ce krui okk`ht`ce.
Krui okk`ht`ce `s typ`hobby oppb`dk tc hosds
`e wa`ha o b`h`t cr `bb`h`t krui `s rdpdotdkby
usdk cr hcesuldk `e woys tc prckuhd scld
jcrl cj hb`e`hobby s`ie`j`hoet `lpo`rldets cr
k`strdss (I`cvozcb`os & Kov`s, 7==46
Boukdt, Gdhfdr, & Ya`td 7==0). @j pdrs`stdet
cvdr t`ld, tad pays`hob, dlct`ceob, oek
sch`ob ospdht cj tad pdrsce haoeids, oek w`bb
prcirdss os bcei os tad us`ei hcet`euds
(J`dbks, 7==9). Os tad k`sdosd prcirdssds,
tad `ek`v`kuob w`bb cjtde rdk`rdht tad`r t`ld
oek dedriy owoy jrcl ctadr s`ie`j`hoet b`jd
hcehdres suha os wcrf, jol`by cr jr`deks
(I`cvozcb`os & Kov`s, 7==46 J`dbks, 7==9).
[ad`r b`jd wcubk nust rdvcbvd orcuek kruis
oek ecta`ei dbsd. Xuha usd `s pays`hobby
aozorkcus, loy rdsubt `e tad usdrs jo`burd tc
jubj`bb rcbd dxpdhtot`ces oek loy housd bdiob
prcgbdls cr housd `etropdrsceob oek sch`ob
prcgbdls jcr tad usdr (Boukdt, Gdhfdr, &
Ya`td, 7==0). [adsd ediot`vd hcesdqudehds,
tcidtadr w`ta tad`r acpd jcr o gdttdr b`jd, o
ecrlob b`jd, ord ced cj tad lo`e rdosces
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jcr tadl jcr woet`ei tc stcp okk`ht`ce oek
jcr sddf`ei adbp (Boukdt, Gdhfdr, & Ya`td,
7==0).
Obb lct`vot`ceob tadcr`sts hbo`l taot
obb auloe gd`eis aovd oe `eeotd tdekdehytcworks ircwta, `etdirot`ce oek adobta (J`dst
& J`dst, 7==06 Xaorlo & Xl`ta, 7=??). Oek
ta`s lct`vot`ce tc haoeid `s oe `lpcrtoet
port `e tad`r rdhcvdry (Hceedr, Bceisacrd, &
Oeib`e, 7==06 A`bbdr, dt ob., 7==06 Fcrhao, dt
ob., 7=??6 Boukdt, Gdhfdr, & Ya`td, 7==0).
Ohhcrk`ei tc tadl, `j ceby tadsd pdcpbd w`bb
aovd tad rdok`edss oek tad doidredss tc
haoeid, tade tady w`bb aovd tad hopoh`ty tc
cvdrhcld tad`r okk`ht`ce oek tc j`eobby tofd
hcetrcb cj tad`r b`vds. [adrd ord twc typds cj
lct`vot`ce> tad `etr`es`h oek tad dxtr`es`h
lct`vot`ce. @etr`es`h lct`vot`ce rdjdrs tc tad
lct`vot`ce taot hclds jrcl tad pdrsce
a`lsdbj suha os tad`r pdrsceob dencyldet,
`etdrdst, cr pbdosurd, rotadr taoe jrcl oey
dxtdreob cr cuts`kd rdworks cr
rd`ejcrhdldets (Bo`, 7=??). Ectd, acwdvdr,
taot scld tadcr`sts k`shcuet tad rcbd cjdxtr`es`h rdworks `e kdvdbcp`ei o strcei
oha`dvdldet cr`detot`ce oek oriud, `estdok,
taot oha`dvdldet `s b`efdk tc lcrd `etr`es`h
jcrls cj lct`vot`ce (Jroefde, 7==96 J`dst &
J`dst, 7==06 Kdh` & Wyoe, ?00?). O eulgdr
cj lct`vot`ce tadcr`sts gdb`dvd taot sf`bb
ohqu`s`t`ce chhurs portby jcr dxtr`es`h
rdosces gut boridby jcr `etr`es`h rdosces.
Ohhcrk`ei tc Kdh` (?097), rdworks rdkuhd
`etr`es`h lct`vot`ce jcr `t k`shcuroids tadjddb`eis cj hclpdtdehd oek sdbj-
kdtdrl`eot`ce cj tad pdrsce. Ad oriuds taot
dxtr`es`h rdworks pbohd tad lct`vot`ce jcr
bdore`ei cuts`kd tad `ek`v`kuob oek, os o
rdsubt, tad `ek`v`kuob ec bceidr dxpdr`dehds
jddb`eis cj hclpdtdehy oek sdbj
kdtdrl`eot`ce. Bdore`ei gosdk ce dxtdreob
kdloeks tdohads rdspcesds rotadr taoe rubds
cr uekdrstoek`ei (Jroefde, 7==96 Kdh`,
?00?). [ad `ek`v`kuob ldrdby `l`totds
oectadr pdrsces gdaov`cr cr bdores o
sdqudehd cj rdspcesds taot scldacw wcrfs.
Obtacuia suha rdspcek`ei loy wcrf `e
hdrto`e s`tuot`ces, `t wcet wcrf wade tad
tosf kdloeks ord sa`jtdk. @ek`v`kuobs a`ia `e
oha`dvdldet lct`vot`ce ord lcrd `ehb`edk tc
sdbdht k`jj`hubt tosfs `j dvobuot`ce `s `etdreob
oek lckdrotdby k`jj`hubt tosfs wade
dvobuot`ce `s dxtdreob (Jroefde, 7==96 Kdh`,
?00?).
Xdvdrob stuk`ds suiidst taot pdcpbd
ord lcst b`fdby tc i`vd up oe okk`ht`ce wade
tady lofd o hbdor kdh`s`ce tc kc sc, wa`ha
ldoes taot wade tady soy tc tadlsdbvds tady
hoe hcetrcb tad`r gdaov`cr, tady haoeid
(Goekuro, ?0006 Jroefde, 7==1). Ecw, wade
wd tobf ogcut ece-trdotldet sddf`ei
`ek`v`kuob, taot kcdset ldoe taot tady kcet
woet tc idt adbp cr taot tady kcet woet tc
idt hurdk, jcr `ts hclpbdtdby tad cppcs`td cjtaot. Yade wd tobf ogcut ece-trdotldet
sddf`ei `ek`v`kuobs, wd ord lo`eby tobf`ei
ogcut tacsd pdcpbd wac ogsto`e tadlsdbvds
jrcl kruis w`tacut oey jcrlob trdotldet cr
lutuob adbp. [ady fddp tadlsdbvds owoy
jrcl kruis ceby gy tad`r cwe `etdreob
lct`vot`ce tc haoeid. Koto jrcl pdcpbd wac
qu`t okk`ht`ces `ek`hotd taot lcst pdcpbd kc
`t ce tad`r cwe (Jroefde, 7==96 Gcyk, dt ob.,
7==46 Hcpdrs`ec, dt ob., 7==:6 Kdoe,Xouekdrs, & Gdbb, 7=??). [ad suhhdss rotd `s
typ`hobby luha a`iadr jcr ece-trdotldet
sddf`ei `ek`v`kuobs (sdbj-`e`t`otdk haoeid)
taoe jcr trdotldet-sddf`ei `ek`v`kuobs
(ctadr-`e`t`otdk haoeid) (Jroefde, 7==96
Goekuro, ?000). Yade pdcpbd ord pbohdk `e
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prcirols kds`iedk tc dkuhotd oek tro`e
tadl, w`tacut lof`ei o hcll`tldet tc
tadlsdbvds taot tady w`bb haoeid, tady cjtde
jo`b. Xuhhdss `e gdot`ei okk`ht`ces sddls tc
stort w`ta tad gdb`dj taot wd hoe hcetrcb cur
gdaov`cr oek tad kdh`s`ce taot wd woet tc
haoeid cur gdaov`cr (Goekuro, ?000).
Tebdss wd gdb`dvd taot wd hoe haoeid cur
gdaov`cr, wd hoet. @j wd kcet woet tc
haoeid cur gdaov`cr, wd wcet. Cehd wdrd
okk`htdk tc o krui, wd kcet aovd tc stoy
okk`htdk. Yd aovd o hac`hd. Oek lcst
prcjdss`ceobs oirdd taot wa`bd okk`ht`ce
hoeect gd hurdk, `t hoe gd loeoidk (]cbh`e,
dt ob., 7=?=).
Oek tad lcst djjdht`vd ldoes cj
okk`ht`ce loeoidldet `s ogst`edehd (]cbh`e,
dt ob., 7=?=). [ady ord tc gd `estruhtdk tc
stoy owoy jrcl pdcpbd wac usd kruis oek tc
surrcuek tadlsdbvds w`ta `ek`v`kuobs wac
hoe adbp tadlsdbvds tc prdvdet sugstoehd
usd. [ady lust bdore tc kdvdbcp strotdi`ds
jcr kdob`ei w`ta tad`r okk`ht`ce oek tc
rdhcvdr jrcl sdtgohfs (Goekuro, ?000).Tejcrtueotdby, tadsd ord ect obwoys sc dosy
tc jcbbcw dspdh`obby wade tadrd ord sc loey
burds oek tdlptot`ces orcuek ycu.
Ohhcrk`ei tc Fob`vos oek Zcbfcw (7==4),
olcei tad lcst ldeoh`ei haorohtdr`st`hs cj
krui okk`ht`ce `s tad pdrs`stdet kds`rd cj tad
pdrsce tc tofd kruis dvde ojtdr loey ydors
cj ogst`edehd. [a`s prcgbdl `s dspdh`obby
haobbdei`ei tc kdob w`ta gdhousd loey krui
okk`hts idt stuhf `e kde`ob oek rdjusd tcokl`t tc tad`r prcgbdl cr tad djjdhts `ts
aov`ei tc tadl oek tad pdcpbd orcuek tadl.
[ady w`bb loe`pubotd tadlsdbvds, os o
kdjdesd ldhaoe`sl, `etc ta`ef`ei taot `t `s
cfoy jcr tadl tc hcet`eud krui usd
(didtic`ei.hcl, 7=?7). Gy ect
ohfecwbdki`ei taot tady kc aovd o prcgbdl,
tady hoe fddp owoy jrcl joh`ei tad eddk tc
stcp us`ei kruis, gut ta`s lustet gd sc.
[ad troes`t`ce jrcl gd`ei o us`ei
okk`ht tc gdhcl`ei o rdhcvdr`ei okk`htloy gd hces`kdrdk o f`ek cj rdsch`ob`zot`ce
prchdss (Iroet, 7==9). [a`s rdsch`ob`zot`ce
prchdss w`bb adbp tadl tc hrdotd edw sch`ob
dev`rceldets oek edw hcursds cj oht`ce tc
gcek w`ta ctadrs oek tc fddp owoy jrcl
prdv`cus aog`ts cj krui usd. [a`s `s
`lpcrtoet gdhousd rdhcvdry `s ect s`lpby
ogcut trdot`ei tad`r krui okk`ht`ce, gut obsc
ogcut lof`ei sdesd cj tad post oek
dlpcwdr`ei tadlsdbvds tc tofd hcetrcb cj
tad juturd (sh`d.cri.uf, 7==9). @t `s o prchdss
cj tadl `kdet`jy`ei oek rdpboh`ei waot wos
rdjdrrdk tc os tad`r ueadobtay hcie`t`vd
oek gdaov`crob pottdres w`ta tad`r edw,
adobtay ceds. Wdhcvdry `s o b`jd-bcei
prchdss, oek `e crkdr tc jubby stoy `e `t, ycu
aovd tc woet `t, ycu aovd tc pursud `t.
Os h`tdk gy Xubbc (7==9), Y`bb`ol
Ibossdr ectds taot Yaot aoppdes cuts`kd cj
us aos o bct tc kc w`ta waot wd haccsd tc kc,
gut tad cuts`kd dvdet kcds ect housd cur
gdaov`cr. Yaot wd idt, oek obb wd dvdr idt,
jrcl tad cuts`kd, `s `ejcrlot`ce6 acw wd
haccsd tc oht ce taot `ejcrlot`ce `s up tc
us,wa`ha ldoes taot wd ord obb rdspces`gbd
jcr tad ta`eis wd kc. Ohhcrk`ei tc tad
Hac`hd [adcry, obbgdaov`cr `s hacsde (Xubbc,
7==96 Kovdepcrt, 7=??6 Idrobk`ed, 7=?=).[adrdjcrd tad lct`vot`ce jcr suha oht`ce `s
obwoys ic`ei tc gd `etr`es`h. Ibossdrs
Hac`hd [adcry aypctads`zdk taot dvdry
auloe gd`ei lofd up tad`r cwe _uob`ty
Ycrbk taot dlgck`ds tad tctob pc`et cj v`dw
oek uekdrstoek`ei cj tad wcrbk cj tad pdrsce
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suha os tad`r rdbot`cesa`ps, dxpdr`dehds,
pcssdss`ces, oek gdb`djs (Xubbc, 7==96
Kovdepcrt, 7=??6 Idrobk`ed, 7=?=). Y`ta`e
ta`s wcrbk w`bb gd tacuiats oek cp`e`ces
ogcut acw tc gdst ohhclpb`sa tacsd gos`h
auloe eddks suha os surv`vob, bcvd, pcwdr,
jue, oek jrddkcl, oek obsc hdrto`e `loids cj
waot tad pdrsce osp`rds tc gd oek ta`eis tady
woet tc kc `e b`jd (Idrobk`ed, 7=?=). Os o
pdrsce ircws cbk, ad w`bb dxpdr`dehd
k`jjdrdet ta`eis `e b`jd taot loy ojjdht tad`r
quob`ty wcrbks tc gdhcld k`jjdrdet tcc
(Kovdepcrt, 7=??). Oek os wd dxpdr`dehd
b`jd, wd ord hcet`eucusby hclpor`ei tacsd
ta`eis taot wd woet (cur _uob`ty Ycrbkp`hturds) tc tacsd ta`eis taot wd'vd obrdoky
ict (cur ]drhd`vdk Ycrbk). Yd jddb icck
ogcut cursdbvds wadedvdr tacsd twc wdrd
ldt. @t i`vds us o sdesd cj ohhclpb`saldet
cr ncy wadedvdr wd idt waot wd woet. Gut
wade wd kcet, wd jddb o hdrto`e kdirdd cj
jrustrot`ce, dspdh`obby wade taot eddk `s
rdobby `lpcrtoet tc us. [aot jrustrot`ce
s`ieob, os Ibossdr tdrls `t, `s jdbt os oe urid
tc gdaovd `e o woy taot w`bb adbp us idt lcrdcj waot wd woet (Kovdepcrt, 7=??).
[ad`r krui okk`ht`ce hoe ru`e
dvdryta`ei taot tady acbk `lpcrtoet. Gut
dvde tacuia `t hoe housd tadl o wacbd bct cj
ueaopp`edss, scld `ek`v`kuobs loy st`bb gd
uew`bb`ei tc haoeid. [ady cjtde jddb taot
tady kcet aovd waot `t tofds tc rdhcvdr oek
taot `t wcubk gd gdttdr `j ta`eis wcubk nust
stoy tad sold. Gut rdhcvdry `s oe ceic`eiprchdss, cjtde k`jj`hubt oek po`ejub ot
t`lds(obhcacbrdaog.hcl, 7=?=). Lcst pdcpbd
w`bb cjtde jddb uedetaus`ost`h jcr tady hoet
sdd oey haoeid aoppde`ei. Jcr tadl,
dvdryta`ei st`bb bccfs tad sold. Gut waot
tady kcet rdob`zd `s taot dvdry b`ttbd ta`ei
hcuets. Dvdry t`ld wd kc tad edxt r`iat
ta`ei, wd ord ojjdht`ei haoeid `es`kd
cursdbvds dvde wade `t st`bb bccfs tad sold
ce tad cuts`kd. Dvde wade pdcpbd stort
gu`bk`ei o b`jd `e rdhcvdry `t kcds ect ldoe
taot tady ord hurdk. [ad wcrf aos tc
hcet`eud. Pcu w`bb eddk tc hclpbdtdby obtdr
tad woy ycu kdob w`ta b`jd oek tad pdcpbd
orcuek ycu (Fob`vos oek Zcbfcw, 7==4). [c
kc ta`s, ycu eddk tc aovd tad Jbcw.
Jbcw `s tad hcetrory cj gcrdkcl. @t `s
o ldetob stotd cj cpdrot`ce `e wa`ha ycu jddb
dedri`zdk, `etdrdstdk, oek jubby `evcbvdk
ogcut scldta`ei taot ycu ord kc`ei. @t `s
scldta`ei ycu cjtde jddb wade ycu
ohhclpb`sadk scldta`ei `lpcrtoet cr wade
ycu ord hclpbdtdby try`ei ycur gdst
(dkutdhaw`f`.ue`id.ha, 7==0). Pcu aovd
ycur cwe sdt cj k`rdht`ce oek `s a`iaby
lct`votdk oek jchusdk ce tad tosf ot aoek. @t
hoe pusa ycu `e idtt`ei ta`eis ycu l`iat
ta`ef os `lpcss`gbd gdjcrd. @t hoe adbp ycu
tc oha`dvd suhhdss wa`bd `e rdaog oek `e tad
ydors taot jcbbcws `e rdhcvdry(obhcacbrdaog.hcl, 7=?=). @ek`v`kuobs
rdlo`e troppdk `e okk`ht`ce gdhousd tady
kcet jddb tady aovd tad sf`bbs tc dshopd. @j
tad`r sdbj-djj`hohy hoe gd `ehrdosdk, tady w`bb
jddb lcrd hcej`kdet ogcut tad`r og`b`ty tc
kdob w`ta tad`r prcgbdls (Goekuro, ?000).
[ad`r jo`ta `e tad`r cwe sf`bbs tc gdot tad
haobbdeid cj okk`ht`ce hoe bdok tc oe
`ehrdosdk sdesd cj jbcw (obhcacbrdaog.hcl,
7=?=).
X`l`borby, sdbj- kdtdrl`eot`ce `s o
suppcrt systdl tarcuia eoturob cr `etr`es`h
tdekdeh`ds tc gdaovd oek aovd adobtay woys
tc stcp krui okk`ht`ce. @t `s acw tad sch`ob
oek hubturob johtcr hclds `e taot w`bb
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joh`b`totd tad pdcpbds sdesd cj vcb`t`ce oek
`e`t`ot`vd taot w`bb prcvd tad wdbb-gd`ei oek
tad quob`ty cj `ek`v`kuobs pdrjcrloehd. @t `s
tad kdirdd `e wa`ha tad `ek`v`kuob dekcrsd
tad`r oht`ces tc tad a`iadst bdvdb cj
deioidldet tarcuia oht`ces oek o jubb sdesd
cj hac`hd. @e krui okk`ht`ce, tad hb`dets
lct`vot`ce prdk`hts o a`ia pdrhdetoid cj
haoeid taot w`bb put tad dlpaos`s `e gu`bk`ei
tad hb`dets lct`vot`ce jcr tadl tc jubby
rdhcvdr.
Cgndht`vds cj tad Xtuky
@e tad prdsdet stuky, wd w`bb dxol`ed
tad rcbd cj `etdreob lct`vot`ce `e tad b`vds,rdhcvdry, oek susto`edk wdbb-gd`ei cj bcei
tdrl krui okk`hts, tc saord tad`r stcr`ds
pugb`hby, `e tad acpd tc oss`st scldced
struiib`ei w`ta krui okk`ht`ce. Yd acpd tc
saord `e kdto`b, ot ta`s pc`et `e tad`r b`vds, tad
rdbotdk dlct`ces, ta`ef`ei, oek scurhd cj
lct`vot`ce, gut lcrd sc tad cvdrobb
prchdss cj tad`r rdhcvdry oek acw `t hold
tc gd.
Oek gy kc`ei sc, wd wcubk gd ogbd
tc kdtdrl`ed tad v`og`b`ty cj sdbj-lct`vot`ce
`e tad prchdss cj krui rdhcvdry oek dxpbo`e
acw ced pdrsce hoe suhhdssjubby cvdrhcld
tad`r krui okk`ht`ce ce tad`r cwe.
Xpdh`j`hobby, wd wcubk gd ogbd tc `kdet`jy
tad lo`e rdosce way tady aovd kdh`kdk tc
qu`t tad`r krui ogusd oek tad strotdi`ds taot
tady usdk tc hcequdr `t.
X`ie`j`hoehd cj tad Xtuky
[ad rdsdorhadrs `etdek tc dxpbcrd tad
port`h`poets pdrhdpt`ces oek dxpdr`dehds,
dspdh`obby tacsd pdrto`e`ei tc tad`r cwe sdbj-
lct`vot`ce, wa`bd `e tad prchdss cj rdhcvdry.
Olcei tad pdrsces wac w`bb gd k`rdhtby cr
`ek`rdhtby gdedj`tdk jrcl tad stuky ord tad
jcbbcw`ei>
[c hurrdet krui usdrs>[ad prcpcsdk
stuky w`bb adbp tacsd wac ord struiib`eiw`ta krui okk`ht`ce tc aovd o
kddpdr uekdrstoek`ei cj tad`r s`tuot`ce oek
tc ohhcrk`eiby lofd haoeids `e tad`r b`vds tc
okkrdss tad johtcrs taot hcetr`gutd tc tad`r
krui okk`ht`ce. [a`s stuky ohfecwbdkids
tadl os fecw`ei oidets `e tad`r
okk`ht`ce oek rdhcvdry prchdssds, wa`ha
hcubk `esp`rd oek lct`votd tadl tc qu`t tad`r
krui okk`ht`ce. @t hoe obsc prcv`kd tadl
scld rdjdrdehd cr iu`kd `e hrdot`ei tad`r
cwe strotdi`ds `e qu`tt`ei gosdk ce tad
port`h`poets stcr`ds.
[c rdaog`b`tot`ce kchtcrs>[ad rdsubts
cj ta`s rdsdorha stuky loy i`vd tadl edw
`es`iats wa`ha wcubk dehcuroid tadl tc pboe
prcndhts kds`iedk tc `lprcvd tad quob`ty cj
trdot`ei tacsd wac ord hurrdetby sujjdr`ei jrcl
krui okk`ht`ce. [a`s stuky hoe prcv`kd tadl
w`ta tad edhdssory `ejcrlot`ce ogcut tad`r
hb`dets trud hcesh`cusedss `e tad prchdss cj
krui okk`ht`ce oek krui rdhcvdry sc taot tady
hcubk jurtadr lct`votd tad`r hb`dets tc stcp
us`ei kruis. Y`ta ta`s stuky, tady hcubk hcld
up w`ta gdttdr strotdi`ds tc adbp tad`r hb`dets
suhhdssjubby.
[c juturd rdsdorhadrs/stukdets> [ad
hurrdet stuky `s usdjub `e hcetr`gut`ei tc tad
idedrob gcky cj fecwbdkid `e tad ordo cj`etdreob lct`vot`ce oek krui rdhcvdry, ce
acw hoe o ece-trdotldet sddf`ei `ek`v`kuob,
`e port`hubor, stcp tad`r krui ogusd ce tad`r
cwe. [ad prcpcsdk stuky w`bb gdedj`t oek
adbp tad juturd rdsdorhadr os tad`r iu`kd oek
hoe obsc cpde up `e tad kdvdbcpldet cj ta`s
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port`hubor stuky. @t `s obsc k`jjdrdet jrcl oey
ctadr stuk`ds jcr `t jchusds lcrd ce tad
`etdreob lct`vot`ce cj tad pdrsce oek ect tad
dxtdreob lct`vot`ce taot lcst rdsdorhadrs
usd.
Hcehdptuob Jroldwcrf
Jcr ta`s popdr, tad rdsdorhadrs aovd
hcehdptuob`zdk cur cwe prchdss cj rdhcvdry
oehacrdk upce tad tardd tadcr`ds k`shussdk
ogcvd oek taot `s (o) Ibossdrs Hac`hd
[adcry, (g) Kdh` & Wyoes Xdbj-
Kdtdrl`eot`ce [adcry, oek bostby (h)
Hs`fszdetl`aoby`sJbcw [adcry.
LD[ACKX
[ad rdsdorhadrs ut`b`zdk oe
`etdrprdtot`vd padecldecbci`hob oeobys`s `e
hcekuht`ei tad stuky. [a`s port`hubor
ldtackcbciy wos hacsde, s`ehd `t jchusds ce
uekdrstoek`ei tad padecldeo `e qudst`ce.
J`eboy oek Gobb`eidr (7==:) kdshr`gdk @]Oos o vor`oet cj padecldecbciy taot o`ls tc
dxpbcrd `ek`v`kuobs pdrhdpt`ces oek
dxpdr`dehds. [of`ei oe `k`ciropa`h
opprcoha, tad jchus `s ce tad `ek`v`kuobs
hcie`t`vd, b`eiu`st`h, ojjdht`vd oek pays`hob
gd`ei. @t w`bb deogbd us tc oeobyzd tad
padecldece uekdr `evdst`iot`ce oek tc
uekdrstoek tad padecldece jrcl tad
port`h`poets cwe pc`et cj v`dw (Xl`ta oek
Csgcre, 7==9). Ohhcrk`ei tc [oybcr (?099),
quob`tot`vd rdsdorha `s rdjdrrdk tc os o
eoturob`st`h rdsdorha cr `equ`ry `etc dvdrykoy
b`v`ei. K`rdht cgsdrvot`ces ord lokd cjauloe gdaov`cr `e dvdrykoy b`jd.
Eoturob`st`h rdsdorhadrs gdb`dvd taot io`e`ei
fecwbdkid jrcl scurhds taot aovd "`et`lotd
jol`b`or`ty" (Bcjboek, ?09:) w`ta oe `ssud `s
jor gdttdr taoe tad "cgndht`vd" k`stoeh`ei
opprcoha taot suppcsdkby haorohtdr`zds
quoet`tot`vd opprcohads (Aowcrta, ?01;).
[ad ?= port`h`poets `e tad stuky wdrd
sdbdhtdk tc lddt tad jcbbcw`ei hr`tdr`o tc gd`ehbukdk `e tad solpbd. [ady> ?) Aovd
ogsto`e tadlsdbvds jrcl kruis w`tacut oey
jcrlob trdotldet cr lutuob adbp 7) Aok gdde
ce rdhcvdry jcr ot bdost 4 ydors cr lcrd 8)
Y`bb`ei tc port`h`potd ;) 7? ydors cr cbkdr,
oek :) Cj d`tadr sdx. [ad kurot`ce cj t`ld cj
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tad`r krui usd oek krui rdhcvdry wdrd obsc
ectdk.
; cj tad port`h`poets wdrd jdlobd
(;=%) oek : cj tadl wdrd lobd (:=%). [ad
ldoe oid cj tad port`h`poets `s ;9.9 w`taoids roei`ei jrcl 8; tc :4 ydors.[`ld `erdhcvdry roeidk jrcl : ydors tc 8; ydors
w`ta o ldoe rdhcvdry t`ld cj ?8.? ydors.
Ldoewa`bd, t`ld cj okk`ht`ce roeidk jrcl ?
ydor tc ;= ydors w`ta o ldoe okk`ht`ce t`ld
cj ?8.? ydors. ]ort`h`poets krui(s) cj hac`hd
`ehbukdk saogu (e
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tadlsdbvds. [a`s sdht`ce aos a`iab`iatdk
acw port`h`poets j`eobby aok gdiue tc
hces`kdr stcpp`ei tad`r usd cj kruis oek
scld cj tad vory`ei jddb`eis tady wdrd
aov`ei ogcut tadlsdbvds taot hclpdbbdk
tadl tc gdi`e tc kc sc.
[adld ?> @lpohts ce Adobta
Yade wd tobf ogcut ta`s tadld,
wdrd tobf`ei ogcut tad ediot`vd djjdhts cj
krui usd ce tad port`h`poets adobta, d`tadr
pays`hobby cr psyhacbci`hobby, jcr tadl tc
j`eobby hces`kdr qu`tt`ei `t. Jcr ta`s sdht`ce,
tad port`h`poets dvobuotdk acw tad`r krui
okk`ht`ce aok `etdrjdrdk w`ta tad`r adobta, oswdbb os `e tad`r pays`hob oek psyhacbci`hob
adobta. [ad jcbbcw`ei k`shuss`ce, cj tad`r
adobta prcgbdls, `s tc uekdrstoek acw tad
port`h`poets gdioe tc rdob`zd acw tad
prca`g`tdk krui usdk aos ojjdhtdk tad`r
adobta, d`tadr pays`hobby cr psyhacbci`hobby.
Jcr dxolpbd, os ced port`h`poet, Jdb`x,
stotds, Eofoforolkol eo fc ei a`ek`
loioeko so sor`b` fc, tsofo a`ek` fc eo
foyoei gul`b`, gofo lofo`s`p ofc ei a`ek`
loioeko. ]dcpbd wac ord okk`htdk
dvdetuobby jddb hcestoetby cut cj hcetrcb oek
hoe ec bceidr loeoid tad`r cwe b`vds
(Okols & Yorrde, 7=?=6 Hcpdrs`ec dt ob.,
7==:). [ad krui kr`vds tad vdry tacuiats `e
tad`r l`ek. [ady dxpdr`dehd
`ehrdos`ei pays`hob `bbedss os wdbb os
dlct`ceob oek ldetob k`strdss.
Dvdetuobby tady obwoys jddb s`hf.
Xcld cj tadl wdrd dvde
acsp`tob`zdk gdhousd cj tad`r hcestoet krui
usd, suha os taot cj Aorcbk wac wos
k`oiecsdk w`ta cvdrkcsd. A`s gcky gdhold
st`jj os `j `t wos porobyzdk. Ad hoet lcvd
a`s gcky ot obb. Gut `j ad k`k, `t wos os `j ad
wos o rcgct. Aobcs potoy fotowoe fc,
`soei guwoe. @soei guwoe ofc so csp`tob.
@soei guwoe ofc so Ldtrc. ]oro ofcei
porobyzdk.
Gdta wos obsc acsp`tob`zdk gdhousdcj adr hcestoet hcuia`ei kud tc slcf`ei
saogu oek lor`nuoeo. Pue, `euugc-ugc eo
fc. Tluugc-ugc eo fc. K`eobo ofc so
Hcekd, t`e`ieoe yuei goio fc. Puei
foboaot` poroei purc ubop, yuei foboaot`
guc. Pce, `soei b`eic ofcei ``ecl ei
iolct
[ady obsc aovd tad tdekdehy tc
cvdrta`ef dvdryta`ei wade us`ei kruis,dspdh`obby ogcut tad`r cwe pdrsceob
prcgbdls suha os `e taot cj tad`r jol`by cr
jr`deks, hous`ei tadl tc gd ueogbd tc ed`tadr
sbddp ecr dot oeyta`ei. Os Oeed saords,
]oroei lof`eo yoe eo a`ek` fo
eofoforolkol ei iutcl. Fuei oec yuei
p`eoitr`poe lcei iow`e, fuewor`
loibobogo fo, foa`t lOkob`ei orow eo,
lototopcs lc yue. ]oroei jddb`ei lc,
ful`f`bcs fo po r`e. Ioeue syo. @go eo. Cc,
`go eo. ]oroei lob` eo tc, a`ek` eo ecrlob.
I`s`ei ofc foa`t eo iustc fc ei lotubci,
a`ek` eo pwdkd. Ioeue fos`, oekue po yuei
tolo. @s`p boei ei `s`p ei foa`t eo oec.
]oroei poeiorop fo boei ei poeiorop ei
poeiorop. Yobo fo ei `goei `e``s`p. L`esoe,
yuei `goei loa`eo eo oei utof, `e``s`p oei
prcgbdlo so pol`byo aoeiioei so eoioiob`t
eo s`bo so toc. Poe oei dpdftc e`yoe, woboeifotopusoei `e``s`p lc yuei prcgbdlo lc.
[ad`r lccks oek woy cj ta`ef`ei
wdrd obsc gd`ei ojjdhtdk. Lcst cj tadl
stotdk acw tady obwoys jddb `rr`togbd oek
actadokdk. @rr`togbd ofc, eogogoktr`p
ofc, lo`e`t oei ubc fc, loa`eo oei
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hcetrcb fc, lokob` ofcei loiob`t,tacsd
ord scld cj tad wcrks tady kdshr`gdk
tadlsdbvds. [ady ord obsc stort`ei tc jddb
poroec`k wadedvdr tady sdd scldced. Jcr
tadl, `t `s os `j tacsd pdcpbd ord ic`ei tc kc
scldta`ei gok tc tadl. @e``s`p fc so fopwo
fc, loy ioiow`e sof`e pdrc a`ek` eoloe
pobo. ]oroei toloei a`eobo eo, poroei
eoi`i`ei ediot`vd eio yuei `s`p lc so
fopwo lc. Fuewor` yuei lot`ieoe fo boei,
oec eoloe tcei lofot`ei`e. ]oroei
ioeue, Jdb`x so`k. Kcbby sddls tc oirdd
soy`ei, a`ek` lc fos` obol fuei fofolp`
lc s`bo c a`e`a`bo fo e`bo. ]oroei oei solo
ei pof`rolkol fc so `go. ]oroei woboeipoilolobosof`t so `guguyc fo po. Puei
eoso pob`i`k lc, k` lc obol fuei fofolp`
lc c `g`euguyc fo eo.
[ad sugstoehds tady aok gdde us`ei
`e okk`ht`ce wdrd ec bceidr lof`ei tadl
jddb icck, d`tadr pays`hobby cr
psyhacbci`hobby (Okols & Yorrde, 7=?=6
Hcpdrs`ec dt ob., 7==:). ]rcgbdls w`ta
dx`st`ei b`eds cj oht`ce w`ta`e tad`r adobtawdrd hotobysts jcr edw b`eds cj oht`ce kud tc
s`ie`j`hoet tdes`ces oek stro`es. Xtro`e oek
tdes`ces chhurrdk ce k`jjdrdet bdvdbs,
jcbbcwdk gy tad kds`rd tc tofd scld f`ek cj
oht`ce tc rdkuhd ta`s strdss ([drry, 7==86
Hcpdrs`ec dt ob., 7==:). Jcr dxolpbd,
jddb`eis cj sdbj-k`siust oek wcrtabdssedss
wdrd hcllce olcei loey port`h`poets.
Ctadrs ldet`cedk acw kdprdssdk oek
tdrr`gbd tady jdbt tcwork tad dek cj tad`rokk`htdk paosds. Obtacuia kruis aok gdde
jueht`ceob jcr tadl `e okk`ht`ce, tady scce
hold tc sdd tadl os kysjueht`ceob `e taot
tady wdrd ec bceidr jue oek ec bceidr
aok o purpcsd jcr tadl. [ady scce rdob`zd
taot `j tady ord ic`ei tc b`vd o bcei,
prckuht`vd b`jd, tady eddk tc tofd hord cj
tad`r adobta j`rst. (Hcpdrs`ec dt ob., 7==:)
@e ta`s paosd cj j`eobby pboh`ei vobuds
tc tad`r adobta, obtacuia loey port`h`poets
aok gdde `bb jcr o pdr`ck cj t`ld, tadrd holdtad lcldet wade tady hcubk ec bceidr
hcet`eud tc jddb ta`s woy. Xcldta`ei aok
sa`jtdk `e tad`r jddb`eis ogcut tadlsdbvds,
obcei w`ta tad`r jddb`eis ogcut tad
sugstoehds taot aok stcppdk wcrf`ei.
[ad fdy tc o suhhdssjub dx`t jrcl sugstoehd
ogusd wos tc stcp gdhousd tady ec bceidr
woetdk tc gd usdrs, `e sacrt, tc kc `t gdhousd
tady woetdk tc haoeid tad`r sdbvds.
Lcst port`h`poets aok turedk tc kruis
kud tc o bohf cj o sdesd cj hcetrcb `e dorby
dxpdr`ldetob oek okk`htdk paosds. Ce tad
ctadr aoek, os tady wdrd gdi`ee`ei tc bdovd
okk`ht`ce, tady wdrd obsc gdi`ee`ei tc bohf o
sdesd cj hcetrcb `e tad`r usd cj kruis. Yd
oriud taot `e ta`s paosd, wa`bd kruis wdrd
st`bb pays`hobby okk`ht`vd tc port`h`poets,
tadsd pdcpbd st`bb sow tadlsdbvds vdry luha
os outacrs cj tad`r cwe gdaov`crs, ogbd oek
rdspces`gbd jcr kdvdbcp`ei edw b`eds cj
oht`ce os tady lcvdk tcworks rdhcvdry
(Iroet, 7==9). Os Aorcbk so`k, Xo eioyce
a`ek` ofc iuloiol`t. [opcs eo fc kyoe,
oeikot`ei sof`e e`yoe pdrw`syc so
fotowoe. ]oick. ]oick ei `s`poe, poick ei
fotowoe.
Dgouia (?011) `e adr stuky cj rcbd-
dx`t okkrdssds oe `lpcrtoet qudst`ce> tad
ways oek acws cj gdhcl`ei oe dx.
Dgouias (?011) wcrf ce rcbd-dx`t
hces`kdrdk ?7 dx-obhcacb`hs (s`x jdlobds oek
s`x lobds) cut cj o tctob cj ?14 `ek`v`kuobs
wac wdrd dx`t`ei ctadr rcbds. Xad oriuds
taot ta`s pctdet`ob jcr edw b`eds cj oht`ce `s
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?=
port cj o rcbd-dx`t taot bdoks tc hu`ei
gdaov`cr `ek`hot`ei k`shcetdet w`ta ceds
rcbd. [ad huds jcr port`h`poets `e ta`s stuky
wdrd s`l`bor `e taot tadrd wdrd tacsd s`ies,
hcesh`cus cr uehcesh`cus, taot sacwdk taot
tady wdrd jddb`ei k`ssot`sj`dk `e tad`r hurrdet
rcbds.
Jcr dxolpbd, @rdeds sdbj-p`ty`ei jcr
aov`ei ecta`ei tc dot sdrvds os o hud jcr adr
taot scldta`ei aok tc haoeid `e adr b`jd, taot
sad eddks tc kc scldta`ei jost. Eoowo eo
ofc so sor`b` fc. Eccei l`esoe, k`eoeos fc,
poi uw` fc ei goaoy eol`e, wobo ofcei
fofo`e`e, woboei ofcei poifo`e. Eoroeosoefcei goiccei oei fo`e`e fc so lobol`i eo
foe`e. Eoowo ofc so sor`b` fc ecce eo
eo``yof ofc, eo a`ek` eoloe yue oei
poifotoc fc. Xo tctcc boei lop`b` ofc so
poifo`e pdrc yuei t`ld eo yue koa`b so
iutcl fc, fulo`e ofc eue. Pue yuei
iul`s`ei sof`e eo a`ek` fc go lotoeiiop so
sor`b` fc eo ioe`tc eo go ofc3
[adld 7> Xch`ob Ob`deot`ce
@e ta`s sdht`ce, tad port`h`poets tobfdk
ogcut acw tad`r krui okk`ht`ce kdstrcydk
tad`r rdbot`cesa`p w`ta ctadrs, dspdh`obby tc
tacsd wac lottdrs tc tadl lcst. Krui
okk`ht`ce `s typ`hobby rdprdsdetdk gy
bcedb`edss oek `scbot`ce. Oe okk`ht's krui
usd lofds `etdroht`ce w`ta ue-okk`htdk
`ek`v`kuobs k`jj`hubt. Xaold oek iu`bt oek
tad eddk tc usd lofds oe okk`ht w`takrowjrcl sch`dty wa`bst ot tad sold t`ld gd`ei
pusadk owoy gy tad`r bcvdk ceds kud tc tad`r
grdof`ei prcl`sds, stdob`ei oek idedrob
oet`sch`ob gdaov`cur (Gced, dt ob., 7=??6
Hcpdrs`ec dt ob., 7==:).
Ediot`vd sdbj-v`dws cjtde
haorohtdr`zds krui usdrs, acwdvdr, haoei`ei
ediot`vd sdbj v`dws `s vdry k`jj`hubt. [ad
port`h`poets (wa`bd st`bb ce tad`r okk`ht`vd
paosd) b`vd o l`sdrogbd b`jd gdhousd cj tad
ediot`vd ojj`rlot`ces ogcut tadlsdbvds, o
prckuht cj ediot`vd sdbj-`loid oek sdbj-
dstddl, cj gd`ei o krui okk`ht (Onzde &
J`sagd`e, 7==4). [a`s ta`ei hobbdk sdbj
`loid `s o pcwdrjub jcrhd taot `ejbudehds
pdcpbds l`eks, jddb`eis, oek gdaov`crs.
Ceds sdbj hcehdpt `s prcndhtdk `e a`s
rdbot`cesa`ps (Jroefde, 7==9). Y`ta o
saottdrdk sdbj `loid, ad `s `ehb`edk tc v`grotd
ediot`vd dlct`ces oek uepbdosoet gdaov`cr,ojjdht`ei ctadrs `e kdtr`ldetob woys, lof`ei
a`l vubedrogbd tc jo`burd `e a`s pdrsceob b`jd
cr horddr.
]dcpbd wac ord okk`htdk j`ek
tadlsdbvds kc`ei ta`eis tady wcubk
edvdr aovd kced gdjcrd tad`r okk`ht`ce, tc
idt tad lcedy tady eddk tc hcet`eud us`ei
kruis, w`tacut dvde ta`ef`ei ogcut waot
ctadrs l`iat jddb gdhousd cj `t. Nohfkdshr`gds acw ta`s oht ru`edk a`s rdbot`cesa`p
w`ta a`s jr`deks, gut lcst dspdh`obby, tad
trust cj a`s cwe jol`by os wdbb. Lorol`
ofcei lio fosoboeoe eo eoiowo. Ot
lorol`ei lio tocei eokow`t sof`e ot lio
eoitolpc. @e``wosoe eo fc ei `goei
fo`g`ioe fc, iob`t eo sof`e oei eoeoy fc,
lio fopot`k fc, poroei oyow eo e`bo ofcei
toeiiop`e so bccg ei goaoy, wobo eo s`boei
t`wobo sof`e.
Cur jol`by systdl sacws tad
dx`stdehd cj vdry strcei f`esa`p t`ds suha
taot wadedvdr k`jj`hubt`ds or`sd, wd kc ect
ads`totd tc opprcoha cur pordets oek
rdbot`vds wac ord gcuek tc adbp us. Yd obb
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?7
i`eoioboei. K` eoloe tctobby a`ek` ofc
i`eoioboei, pdrc poroei so pof`rolkol fc,
ioece.Logogo oei t`ei`e sof`e.
Ohhcrk`ei tc tad port`h`poets, dvde
tacuia tacsd pdcpbd ord ect soy`ei oeyta`eitc tadl, tady hoe st`bb jddb tad woy ctadrs
pdrhd`vd tadl tc gd nust gy tad woy cj acw
tady bccf ot tadl, oek `t aurts tadl st`bb.
Ohhcrk`ei tc Oeed, ]oroei a`ek` fo eo
ecrlob so `goei toc d. Fos` `fow, `lgds eo
soloaoe fo e`bo, a`ek`. Ooeuaoe fo po e`bo,
o yoe, ok`f yoe. Yobo eoloe s`boei
s`eosog` pdrc yuei lio t`ei`e e`bo, poroei
kue fo lotutueow, eo poroei `go tc.
Foa`t a`ek` e`bo pof`to soyc ei pdrsceob, ei
aorop-aoropoe soyc, l`slc so sor`b` lc,
lororolkoloe lc, poroei ul``wos s`bo
soyc. A`ek` eoloe so eototofct, pdrc
poroei ioeue eo r`e s`iurc. Oei `go, fopoi
s`eog`ei ok`f fo, obccj fo kyoe, k`go3
[adld 8> Gdb`dj [aot Ced Hoe _u`t
Kruis ord ect obwoys edhdssory, gut
gdb`dj `e rdhcvdry obwoys `s. Gdb`dv`ei ycuhoe qu`t ce ycur cwe `s ced cj tad lcst
`lpcrtoet johtcrs cj qu`tt`ei krui okk`ht`ce
(Bo`, 7=??6 Jroefde, 7==9). Yd obb eddk o
strcei sdesd cj vcb`t`ce oek `e`t`ot`vd tc
haoeid `e crkdr tc qu`t, oek obsc tc suppcrt
tad`r oht`ces tc tad a`iadst bdvdb cj
deioidldet tarcuia oht`ces oek o jubb cj
sdesd cj hac`hd. Os obb cj tad port`h`poets
so`k, `ts obb up tc us wadtadr wd woet tc
haoeid cr ect. Yd obb aovd tad pcwdr tc
haoeid oek tc hcetrcb cursdbvds `j wd woet
tc. @j tady hoe hcehd`vd `t oek gdb`dvd `t,
tady hoe oha`dvd `t. [ady lust fecw `t `s ect
tad`r opt`tukd gut tad`r ott`tukd taot w`bb
kdtdrl`ed tad`r obt`tukd. ]oi i`eustc toboio
ei toc, foyo e`yo. Os Oeed stotds,
L`slcei `s`p fc boei k`e eoiturc sof`e.
@s`p fc r`e oei loipopogoic e`yoe eo, Oa
t`i`b eo. [olo eo. Eo `tc eo yuei rdob`ty,
aorop`e lc eo.
Ohhcrk`ei tc Xotdb (7=??), `t `spcss`gbd tc hurd krui okk`ht`ce w`ta`e
cursdbvds. Lcst pdcpbd rdhcvdr oek lcst
pdcpbd kc `t ce tad`r cwe. [aot's `e ec woy
soy`ei taot dvdryced sacubk gd dxpdhtdk tc
qu`t ce tad`r cwe oek `e ec woy kde`ds taot
qu`tt`ei `s o aork ta`ei tc kc. [a`s `s nust oe
dlp`r`hob joht. @t `s dvde pcss`gbd taot tacsd
wac qu`t ce tad`r cwe hcubk aovd qu`t
dorb`dr `j tady scuiat prcjdss`ceob adbp. [ad
`lpb`h`t ldssoid `se't taot trdotldet `se't
`lpcrtoet jcr loeye joht `t sacubk
prcgogby gd lokd lcrd ohhdss`gbdgut `t `s
s`lpby o joht taot lcst pdcpbd hurd
tadlsdbvds (Jroefde, 7==96 Gcyk, dt ob.,
7==46 Hcpdrs`ec, dt ob., 7==:6 Kdoe,
Xouekdrs, & Gdbb, 7=??).
[oyc oei lofofofcetrcb so sor`b`
eot`e. @rded so`k. Fuei iuiustuaoe ei
loy fotowoe, foyo. Fuei oyow ei loy
fotowoe, oyow toboio. Fuei goio, ldrce
toycei sob`to fuei iustc, loy porooe, fuei
oyow, lorol`ei koa`boe. Yade osfdk
ogcut tad djjdht`vdedss cj rdaog, sad
oeswdrdk,Eoso toc yoe, a`ek` lc
fo`boeioe loipordaog. Fuei oyow lc
toboio, toboioei ooyow fo. Fuei loy
poe`e`ek`ioe fo. [oboioei foyo yoe ei toc
w`tacut rdaog`b`tot`ce.Jdb`x sddls tc oirddw`ta adr soy`ei, Foa`t oecei bop`t lc so
lio toc poro aul`ei ei tubcei, poi kot`ei
r`e ei cros eo wobo eo yuei toc, sog`a`e eo
eot`ei eoipordaog fo, poi bogos lc,
louukyufoe fo ub`. Kopot lot`goy oei
sor`b` lc. Cc koa`b so sor`b`, wobo eoloe
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lofofopoi-oecei `goei toc kyoe d. Xor`b`
boei.
@j ycu gdb`dvd taot ycu hoe qu`t ceby
gy us`ei o jcrlob prcirol, ycu i`vd
rdspces`g`b`ty tc oe dxtdreob oidet. Xacubkycu jo`b, `t `s tad prcirols joubt oek ect
ycurs. [ad jcrlob prcirols taot wcrf gdst
sddl tc gd tacsd taot hcev`ehd tad
`ek`v`kuob taot ad cr sad hoe suhhddk, oek
tade put tad rdspces`g`b`ty ce tad `ek`v`kuob
(Goekuro, ?000). Yade pdcpbd tofd
rdspces`g`b`ty jcr kds`ie`ei tad`r cwe
prcirols oek suhhddk, tad`r jddb`eis cj sdbj-
djj`hohy `lprcvds. Yade pdcpbds sdbj-
djj`hohy `lprcvds, `t rd`ejcrhds tad`r `e`t`ob
gdb`dj taot tady hoe qu`t.
Yade pdcpbd rdob`zd acw loey
pdcpbd cutircw krui oek obhcacb okk`ht`ce,
tady rdob`sd tad`r cwe okk`ht`ce prcgbdls
ord scbvogbd. Yade tady rdhcie`sd krui oek
obhcacb okk`ht`ce `s o gdaov`cur tady haccsd
tc deioid `e wade b`jd `s ic`ei gokby, tady
ord lcrd b`fdby tc kc scldta`ei tc `lprcvd
tad`r b`jd. Yade pdcpbd gdb`dvd tady hoe rdby
ce tadlsdbvds tc cvdrhcld oe okk`ht`ce,
tady ord lcrd b`fdby tc lcg`b`sd tad
edhdssory `eedr strdeita tc haoeid tad`r
gdaov`cur. Yade pdcpbd gdb`dvd tady hoe
j`ek tad`r cwe woys cut cj okk`ht`ce,
w`tacut cuts`kd adbp, i`vde tad cppcrtue`ty,
tady ord lcrd b`fdby tc wofd jrcl tad`r
krui-`ekuhdk kdspo`r oek gu`bk o b`jd tady
vobud lcrd taoe o b`jd cj kruis obced. Lcst`lpcrtoetby wade pdcpbd gdb`dvd krui
okk`ht`ce `s lo`eby o woy cj b`jd, o
gdaov`cur pdcpbd deioid `e os, o woy tc
hcpd w`ta tad wcrbk-oek ect scldta`ei tady
ord acpdbdssby `lpr`scedk `e-tady loy gd
lcrd `ehb`edk tc lofd tad edhdssory
haoeids ect ceby `e tad`r cwe wcrbk gut `e
tad wcrbk tady b`vd `e. ]dcpbd hoe bdore
waot's edhdssory tc b`vd o ldoe`eijub b`jd
oek put taot fecwbdkid tc pcs`t`vd djjdht.
Ohhcrk`ei tc @rded, ycu nust eddk tchaccsd jcr ycursdbj ce waots gdst jcr ycu.
Kopot ldrce foei strcei w`bb tc j`iat, kue
so poi ``srtruiibd lc. fo`boeioe lc boei
eoloe `hclpord oei icck oek gok. Oec
yuei loioekoei foroeosoe kur`ei so t`ld
eo uekdr fo kruis ot ecrlob eo guaoy lc,
eoguguaoy foei wobo fo so krcio. Puei
oei boei oei fo`boeioe lc `hclpord. Fuei
oec oei los losorop eo pof`rolkol kue.
Kcce po boei loifoforcce fo ei fuei oec
fo ot fuei sooe fo go kopot pulueto.
@rded saordk.
[adld ;> Edw @etdrdsts
Yaot wd ldoe gy edw `etdrdsts `s
tad ko`by oht`v`t`ds cr acgg`ds tad
port`h`poets wdrd obrdoky portof`ei tc ojtdr
tad`r rdhcvdry. [adsd edw `etdrdsts adbp
tadl tc stcp tad`r krui okk`ht`ce qu`tdsuhhdssjubby.
Ohhcrk`ei tc Jroefde (7==9), wade
pdcpbd vobud tad`r wcrf, tad`r jol`by, oek
tad vor`cus oht`v`t`ds tady kc, tady cjtde
rdjro`e jrcl tof`ei kruis tc gdttdr opprdh`otd
tacsd ta`eis. @t `s hcllce tc ador pdcpbd
soy taot tady ord ect ic`ei tc tofd kruis
tce`iat gdhousd tclcrrcw tady woet tc idt
up dorby tc deioid `e o hadr`sadk oht`v`ty. @t`s wade pdcpbd aovd ec ctadr rdosce jcr
b`v`ei taot tady j`bb tad`r b`vds w`ta kruis.
(I`cvozcb`os & Kov`s, 7==46 J`dbks, 7==9)
[acsd pdcpbd wac kc ect aovd pcs`t`vd
ta`eis ce wa`ha tady hoe jchus tad`r
ottdet`ce cr tacsd pdcpbd wac kc ect vobud
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kc`ei tad`r vdry gdst w`bb typ`hobby jobb prdy
tc kruis. Yade pdcpbds b`vds ord j`bbdk w`ta
oht`v`t`ds tady hadr`sa, tady aovd b`ttbd
rdosce jcr tof`ei kruis.
@e ta`s sdht`ce, tad port`h`poets ordobrdoky stort`ei tc sa`jt tad`r ottdet`ce tc
tad`r wcrf oek tad`r jol`by `estdok cj tad`r
krui okk`ht`ce. [ady ord gdi`ee`ei tc
opprdh`otd tad`r b`jd gdttdr gdhousd cj tad
k`jjdrdet ncg oek oht`v`t`ds tady kc. [ady ord
ecw obsc stort`ei tc rdhceedht w`ta tad`r
jol`b`ds gdttdr gy tof`ei hord cj tad f`ks oek
spdek`ei t`ld w`ta tadl.
Os okk`hts rdhcvdr, tady lust bdoretc gd outadet`h `e rdhcvdry. Ect ceby lust o
pdrsce ohhdpt hcevdet`ceob sch`dty `e crkdr
tc lo`eto`e rdhcvdry, gut sch`dty lust
ohhdpt taot pdrsce, os wdbb. Haoeid `e tad
saopd cj rdhcvdry jrcl usd cj kruis `s ect
scldta`ei taot `s v`s`gbd cr cgndht`vd `e tad
sdesd `t hoe gd prcvde. @t `s o hcestruht taot
`s edict`otdk tarcuia `etdroht`ce gdtwdde oe
`ek`v`kuob oek s`ie`j`hoet ctadrs `e o prchdss
cj bccf`ei-iboss rdaog`b`tot`ce (Lorueo,
7==?).
[ad sdbj dvcbvds os edw
h`rhulstoehds, s`tuot`ces, oek ossch`ot`ces
w`ta ctadrs hcld `etc pboy> ]dcpbd oht
ohhcrk`ei tc tad`r `etdrprdtot`ce cj tadsd
dvdets, tad woy tady sdd tadlsdbvds, oek tad
woy tady ta`ef ctadrs w`bb rdoht tc tadl.
([drry, 7==8). [adrdjcrd, uet`b jcrldr
okk`hts ord jcrlobby oek sylgcb`hobby
rdhcie`zdk os suhhdss stcr`ds, tad`r
haoeids loy rdlo`e suspdht tc s`ie`j`hoet
ctadrs oek tc tadlsdbvds (Lorueo, 7==?). @e
ctadr wcrks, port`h`poets aok ect ceby tc
trust tadlsdbvds gut trust taot s`ie`j`hoet
ctadrs wcubk dvdetuobby trust tadl os wdbb.
@t `s ect decuia tc nust soy ec tc kruis.
@estdok, ycu hoe prctdht (oek adob) ycursdbj
jrcl okk`ht`ce gy soy`ei yds tc ctadr
ta`eis. Hubt`votd k`vdrsd `etdrdsts taot
prcv`kd ldoe`ei tc ycur b`jd.
Os @rded so`k, Xugscg boei so
trogoac, ogobo so poi``s`p koa`b so trogoac,
poif`f`poiusop so lio fb`ydetd,
eoisdsdorha ofc ei hb`det fuei s`ec yuei
pwdkd fcei loi`ei prcspdht eo hb`det
ioeue oei i`eowo fc. [rogoac. Eoeiorop.
Puei so poeoirop fc eo yue, e`yofop fc, eo
fo`boeioe fcei loeiyor` yue. Puei
poeiorop eo lofopoitrogoac, lofopoi-
toyc ei edicsyc so sor`b`, yuei oei e`yofop
fc, krdols fc. Pue, eoipurs`id sof`ei
tul`i`b.
[c Oeed, j`ek`ei o ncg `s obrdoky tad
stort tcworks adr rdhcvdry. Tlp`so eo
`yce. ]oi oosowo, ooyus`e oei guaoy,
eoiforcce ei oeof, fo`boeioe
loiaoeopguaoy. Os tadsd port`h`poets
strotdi`zdk tc rdhcvdr, tady s`ie`j`dk taottady obsc aok tc rdgu`bk struhturd `e tad`r
b`vds os tady detdrdk `etc scgdr sch`ob
wcrbks. [ady rdhcie`zdk taot tady eddkdk
obtdreot`vd oht`v`t`ds os edhdssory
hclpcedets jcr rdhcvdry. Xuha oht`v`t`ds
adbpdk tadl rd`etdirotd `etc lo`estrdol
sch`dty. Eoiaoeop ofc ei trogoac, foa`t
oecei trogoac t`eotoeiiop fc,Hobcy so`k.
Fuei oec eof`to lcei iowo`e so bccg ei
pololoaoy, iow`e lc eo boei porolo`wosoe lc oei poiiol`t ei krcio.
Ect ceby k`k tady stort wcrf`ei gut
tady obsc stortdk tc rdhceedht w`ta tad`r
jol`by os wdbb. [ady woetdk tc lofd up jcr
tad bcst t`ld cj tof`ei hord jcr tad`r jol`by,
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dspdh`obby tc tad`r ha`bkrde oek
iroekha`bkrde. Os Gdta stotds, sad rdobby
woets tc gd w`ta tadl. sog`f ofc so goto.
Iustc fc yuei opc fc oboiooe. Fos` fopoi
eofoioeyoe ofc, `rr`togbd ofc. Oycfc ei
goto. Iustc fc, loaob eo loaob fc yuei opc
fc.Nust gd`ei w`ta tad`r jol`by adbps tadl
tc stoy krui-jrdd, suha os taot cj Nohf wac
soys, E`b`goei fc oei sor`b` fc wobo
ofcei i`eowo fuek` ow`toe fc ei
loioioekoei ow`t`e oei gotoei p`eobobof`
fc poro lofo`wos ofc so g`syc.
Os pdcpbd hcld tc gdb`dvd tady hoe
kdvdbcp ctadr woys tc kdob w`ta b`jd `estdokcj rdby`ei ce kruis cr obhcacb, tady io`e
hcej`kdehd `e tad`r og`b`ty tc kdtdrl`ed tad`r
cwe kdst`ey. Os tady hcld tc gdb`dvd
okk`ht`ce aos lcrd tc kc w`ta tad
dev`rceldets tady b`vd `e taoe w`ta tad
kruis tady usd, tady loy jurtadr rdob`sd tady
aovd tad pcwdr tc haoeid tacsd
dev`rceldets `e crkdr tc adbp tadlsdbvds.
Jcr tadl, aov`ei o ncg crrdhceedht`ei w`ta tad`r jol`by wos oe
`lpcrtoet icob `e tad`r ogst`edehd, jcr
dlpcwdrldet `s ogcut bdore`ei tarcuia
kc`ei (Iroet, 7==9), oek suha
ohhclpb`saldets `ehrdosdk tad port`h`poets
sdesd cj sdbj-djj`hohy. Yadtadr `t wos
tarcuia io`e`ei suppcrt jrcl s`ie`j`hoet
ctadrs, lcv`ei owoy jrcl okk`ht`vd
hcllue`t`ds, cr rdgu`bk`ei struhturd tarcuia
vor`cus oht`v`t`ds, tad port`h`poets wdrd
rdkdj`e`ei dxpdr`dehds os tady strotdi`zdk
tad`r rdhcvdr`ds. Os tady rdkdj`edk
dxpdr`dehds, port`h`poets wdrd bdore`ei tc
b`vd oio`e.
K@XHTXX@CE
[a`s stuky o`ls tc fecw acw ced
pdrsce hoe jubby rdhcvdr jrcl krui okk`ht`ce
w`tacut oey jcrlob trdotldet cr lutuob adbp
oek waot lct`votdk tadl tc haoeid. Ydwoet tc fecw tad rdbotdk dlct`ces, ta`ef`ei,
oek scurhd cj lct`vot`ce cj tadsd
`ek`v`kuobs, gut lcrd sc tad cvdrobb
prchdss cj tad`r rdhcvdry oek acw `t hold
tc gd.
Krui okk`ht`ce k`jjdrs jrcl pdrsce
tc pdrsce. [aus, `t oppdors taot ideds, jol`by
oek sch`ob dev`rceldet pboy o rcbd `e krui
okk`ht`ce taot `ehrdosds tad vubedrog`b`ty. Cetad ctadr aoek, pdcpbd suhhdssjubby
cvdrhcld krui okk`ht`ce gy rdpdotdkby
`etdreob`z`ei tad`r cwe kdh`s`ce tc qu`t krui
usd. Hcet`eudk usd jcr tad pdrsce wac `s
okk`htdk tc kruis dvdetuobby cvdrwadbls obb
ospdhts cj tad`r b`jd. Y`ta hcet`eudk usd,
tady bcsd trohf cj tad`r pdrsceob icobs oek
krdols. [ad`r vobuds oek adobta
kdtdr`crotd. Cjtde, tad`r rdbot`cesa`ps w`ta
tad pdcpbd wac lottdr lcst ord sdvdrdk.
]dcpbd wac ord okk`htdk dvdetuobby
jddb hcestoetby cut cj hcetrcb oek hoe ec
bceidr loeoid tad`r cwe b`vds. [ad
krui scce kr`vds tad vdry tacuiats `e tad`r
l`ek. [ady dxpdr`dehd `ehrdos`ei pays`hob
`bbedss os wdbb os dlct`ceob oek ldetob
k`strdss. Dvdetuobby tady obwoys jddb s`hf.
@ek`v`kuobs wac ord okk`htdk gdhcldgurkdedk gy auid j`eoeh`ob hcsts, r`sf cr
bcss cj dlpbcyldet, bcss cj jrddkcl `j
`ehorhdrotdk, oek bcss cj rdbot`cesa`ps w`ta
jol`by cr portedrs. [adrd `s cjtde o
irdot j`eoeh`ob hcst tc tad jol`by oek portedr,
os wdbb os jcr tad usdr. ]dcpbd wac ord
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okk`htdk j`ek tadlsdbvds kc`ei ta`eis tady
wcubk edvdr aovd kced gdjcrd tad`r
okk`ht`ce, tc idt tad lcedy tc hcet`eud
us`ei obhcacb oek kruis. Jol`by oek jr`deks
obsc jddb lcrd cut cj hcetrcb os tady j`ek
tadlsdbvds kc`ei ta`eis tady wcubk edvdr
aovd kced gdjcrd, os tady try dvdryta`ei oek
oeyta`ei tc adbp tad pdrsce wac `s okk`htdk
oek tc stcp tadl jrcl us`ei.
@e tad bost stoids cj okk`ht`ce, loey
`ek`v`kuobs dxpdr`dehd tad st`ilo cj gd`ei
hobbdk o busa, oe okk`ht, cr o bcsdr. ]dcpbd
w`ta okk`ht`ce obwoys aovd o port cj tadl
taot hoet gd eulgdk gy kruis. Oek tady ord
aurt gy aorsa wcrks oek trdotldet.
Dvdetuobby tady loy dvde jddb sdbj k`sko`e
cr aotrdk. Xt`ilo, hclg`edk w`ta obb tad
ediot`vd djjdhts cj us`ei, j`eobby housds
tadl tc stoek up oek soy, @vd aok
decuia.
Jrcl Ibossdrs Hac`hd [adcry, tad
quob`ty wcrbk hceto`es `loids cj tacsd
ta`eis taot lottdrs tc ycu os wdbb os tacsd
ta`eis taot ycu woet taot w`bb gr`ei ycu
aopp`edss (W`hd, 7==06 Xubbc, 7==96
Kovdepcrt, 7=??6 Idrobk`ed, 7=?=). Gdjcrd
tad`r rdhcvdry, tad`r krui cj hac`hd `s `e tad`r
quob`ty wcrbk oek obb tad ta`eis taot usdk tc
gd `lpcrtoet tc tadl ord ceby voiud `loids
cj tad`r quob`ty wcrbk (W`hd, 7==0). [adl,
oek ceby tadl, hoe tofd tad `loid cj kruis
cut cj tad`r quob`ty wcrbk. [ady eddk tc
rdpbohd `t w`ta scldta`ei dbsd taot w`bb i`vdtadl aopp`edss oek gdttdr rdbot`cesa`ps.
[ad sdbj dvcbvds os edw
h`rhulstoehds, s`tuot`ces, oek ossch`ot`ces
w`ta ctadrs hcld `etc pboy> ]dcpbd oht
ohhcrk`ei tc tad`r `etdrprdtot`ce cj tadsd
dvdets, tad woy tady sdd tadlsdbvds, oek tad
woy tady ta`ef ctadrs w`bb rdoht tc tadl.
([drry, 7==8). [adrdjcrd, uet`b jcrldr
okk`hts ord jcrlobby oek sylgcb`hobby
rdhcie`zdk os suhhdss stcr`ds, tad`r
haoeids loy rdlo`e suspdht tc s`ie`j`hoet
ctadrs oek tc tadlsdbvds (Lorueo, 7==?). @e
ctadr wcrks, port`h`poets aok ect ceby tc
trust tadlsdbvds gut trust taot s`ie`j`hoet
ctadrs wcubk dvdetuobby trust tadl os wdbb.
[ady scce rdob`zd taot tady rdobby
eddk tc haoeid tad`r b`vds ecw `e crkdr tc
bdovd okk`ht`ce gda`ek oek tc detdr
rdhcvdry. @e crkdr tc oht`votd suha haoeids,
tad port`h`poets lust josa`ce edw
pdrspdht`vds oek sch`ob wcrbk `evcbvdldets
wadrd`e tad okk`ht `kdet`ty `s dxhbukdk cr
krolot`hobby kdprdh`otdk (Iroet, 7==96
G`dreohf`, ?01:). [ad cr`i`eob ncy oek
dhstosy tady jddb sbcwby gdhold oicey oek
kdspo`r jcr tad port`h`poets. [ady wdrd
jddb`ei uewdbb oek ueaoppy w`ta o
k`l`e`sadk sdesd cj wdbb-gd`ei, taus adbp`ei
tadl hrdotd edw vdrs`ces cj tadlsdbvds taot
wdrd luha lcrd kds`rogbd taoe tad cbk ceds.O haoeid `e ceds b`jd, o sch`ob hr`s`s, cr o
bcss cj scld typd loy hrdotd gcta upadovob
oek cppcrtue`ty. Xuha dxpdr`dehds rupturd
rcut`eds oek b`vds oek prcv`kd dssdet`ob
rdkdj`e`t`ces cj tad sdbj.
Cehd port`h`poets gdhold oword cj
tad eddk tc oht`votd rdhcvdry, tade, tady aok
tc strotdi`zd tc put `t `e pbohd. Lorueo
(7==?) oriuds taot haoeid jcr `ek`v`kuobs `slcrd taoe o k`shcet`euoehd cj uekds`rogbd
hcekuht. [acsd wac aovd rdjcrldk (cr
hdosdk us`ei sugstoehds) aovd aok tc
rdb`equ`sa oe cbk sdbj oek `evdet o edw ced.
Ad jurtadr oriuds taot oe `ek`v`kuob `s truby
rdjcrldk jrcl gok aog`ts/gdaov`crs wade
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sad/ad aos ohqu`rdk edwpurpcsds, o jrdsa
sdt cj ldoe`eis oek o sot`sjy`ei edw rcbd
(Lorueo 7==?) .
[ad`r ydors cj krui usd aovd jccbdk
tad`r quob`ty wcrbk `etc gdb`dv`ei taot tadygr`ei aopp`edss wade ohtuobby, tady ord ceby
i`v`ei tad pdrsce sacrt-b`vdk aopp`edss.
[rud, pbdosurd loy gd lcrd `etdesd taoe
aopp`edss gut aopp`edss `s tad bceidr bost`ei
cj tad twc. Oek tad fdy tc aopp`edss `s
aov`ei ldoe`eijub rdbot`cesa`ps w`ta
`lpcrtoet pdcpbd `e cur b`vds (W`hd, 7==0).
]ort`h`poets aok tc oht`votd tad`r haoeids gy
dstogb`sa`ei cr rddstogb`sa`ei ldoe`eijub
rdbot`cesa`ps w`ta `ek`v`kuobs wacsd b`vds
wdrd crioe`zdk orcuek scgr`dty (Lh@etcsa
oek LhFdioedy 7==76 ]cbh`e, dt ob., 7=?=6
Iroet, 7==9). [a`s oht`ce `evcbvdk deioi`ei
w`ta s`ie`j`hoet ctadrs `e k`jjdrdet sch`ob
dev`rceldets.
Os port`h`poets `bbustrotdk, jcrldr
krui-us`ei dev`rceldets hceto`edk pctdet`ob
aozorks tc rdhcvdry. [ad`r scbut`ces wdrd tc
rdlcvd tadlsdbvds jrcl suha r`sfs gy
putt`ei k`stoehd, gcta sch`ob oek pays`hob,
gdtwdde tadlsdbvds oek jcrldr krui-us`ei
hclpoe`ces, waot Dgouia (?011) oriuds `s o
prchdss cj k`sdeioidldet. Jurtadr,
port`h`poets wdrd gdi`ee`ei o prchdss cj
k`s`kdet`j`hot`ce (Dgouia, ?011), taot `s,
tad`r jcrldr rcbds os okk`hts gdi`e tc sa`jt
oek haoeid. [ady gdi`e tc ta`ef cj
tadlsdbvds oport jrcl tad pdcpbd tady wdrd`e tad prdv`cus rcbd. ]ort`h`poets eddkdk tc
haoeid waot tady aok gdde kc`ei (tad`r
okk`ht`ce) gdhousd `t wos ec bceidr wcrf`ei
jcr tadl.
[ad rdhcvdry prchdss `s ced cj
hcestruht`ce oek rdhcestruht`ce cj ceds
`kdet`ty oek rdsubtoet v`dw cj tad wcrbk
(Iroet, 7==9). O edw kdvdbcpldetob
struhturd, ced gosdk ce o edw `kdet`ty, `s
gd`ei jcrldk. ]dcpbd `e rdhcvdry ord
dxpdr`deh`ei o edw struhturd cj sdbj-
fecwbdkid. Luha cj tad okk`hts
`etdrprdtot`ces cj sdbvds oek tad wcrbk ec
bceidr j`t6 tadrdjcrd, gcta lust gd
rdhcestruhtdk. Okk`hts aovd tc gdi`e tc
`etdrprdt tadlsdbvds k`jjdrdetby obcei w`ta
s`ie`j`hoet ctadrs `e tad`r b`vds (Iroet, 7==96
]cbh`e, dt ob., 7=?=6 Jroefde, 7==9). [a`s
rdstruhtur`ei `evcbvdk o sdesd cj tadl
cwe`ei tad`r post. Obb cj tadl tobfdk
ogcut acw, `e tad`r sdbj-haoeid, tady gdioetc b`fd tadlsdbvds lcrd. Os tady obb
stotd, tad`r `kdet`ty haoeidk. [ady b`fd
tadlsdbvds tckoy. [adyrd ect o gok pdrsce
oek tady aovd o wacbd edw cutbccf ce b`jd
ecw. [ady nust io`edk o wacbd edw rdspdht
jcr tadlsdbvds. [ady aovd lcrd sdbj-dstddl.
@j ycu ta`ef taot w`bbpcwdr obced w`bb
idt ycu hbdoe oek scgdr, ycu w`bb ect gd
suhhdssjub. Ohhcrk`ei tc W`hd (7==0),w`bbpcwdr kcds pboy o hdrto`e port `e
okk`ht`ce rdhcvdry, gut `t `s luha lcrd taoe
taot. [ad`r kds`rd jcr scgr`dr`ty lust gd
strceidr, cr ot bdost nust os strcei, taoe ycur
kds`rd tc usd kruis. [a`s loy jbuhtuotd cehd
tady stortdk. [ady lust gd w`bb`ei tc poy
tarcuia scld pays`hob oek dlct`ceob t`lds
gy hcetrcbb`ei tad`r gdaov`curs oek tacuiats.
@t wcet gd taot tcc dosy. @e crkdr tc aovd `t,
ycu aovd tc kds`rd `t. Pcu aovd tc aovd tadjbcw (obhcacbrdaog.hcl, 7=?=). Pcu aovd
tc aovd ycur cwe sdt cj k`rdht`ce oek gd
a`iaby lct`votdk oek jchusdk ce tad tosf ot
aoek.
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[ad`r `etr`es`h lct`vot`ce `s dssdet`ob
tc tad port`h`poets wdbb gd`ei gdhousd `t
deogbds tadl tc jubj`b tad tardd `eeotd
psyhacbci`hob eddks. [adsd eddks `ehbukd
tad eddk jcr hclpdtdehd, outcecly oek
rdbotdkedss oek tady jcrl tad gos`s cj o
lckdb fecwe os Xdbj Kdtdrl`eot`ce [adcry
(XK[) os prcpcsdk gy Kdh` oek Wyoe
(?00?). Jubj`bldet cj tad tardd gos`h eddks `s
ossch`otdk w`ta dssdet`ob, oidet`h gdaov`cur
wa`ha `s haorohtdr`sdk gy `etr`es`hobby
lct`votdk, sdbj-rdiubotdk, hur`cus, prcoht`vd
oek `etdet`ceob deioidldet `e oht`v`t`ds.
XK[ dxol`eds tad hac`hds pdcpbd lofd
w`tacut oey dxtdreob `ejbudehd cr`etdrjdrdehd oek tad kdirdd tc wa`ha oe
`ek`v`kuobs gdaov`cur `s sdbj-lct`votdk oek
sdbj-kdtdrl`edk (Kdh` & Wyoe, ?00?).
Xot`sjoht`ce w`ta oek pursu`t cj icob-
k`rdhtdk eddk jubj`bldet hoe deaoehd
oht`v`ty deioidldet oek pdrsceob ircwta
(Kdh` & Wyoe, ?00?).
Deioi`ei `e hdrto`e oht`v`t`ds suha os
wcrf`ei cr spdek`ei t`ld w`ta tad jol`by,deogbds tadl tc j`ek scldta`ei cj vobud `e
tad`r b`vds oek i`vds tadl o sdesd cj hcetrcb
cvdr tad`r kdst`e`ds. @t wos cgv`cus kur`ei
tad `etdrv`dws taot tady tobfdk ogcut tad`r
pboes os b`edk w`ta`e o scgdr sch`ob wcrbk
oek w`ta hbdor dyds tc tad`r juturds. [ad
pcssdss`ce cj suha iovd r`sd tc o sdesd cj
hcej`kdehd oek sdbj-djj`hohy pdrhdpt`ce jcr
tad port`h`poets (Goekuro ?000). ]ort`h`poets
wdrd vdry oword taot struiibds oekk`bdllos w`bb pdrs`st `e rdhcvdrdk b`vds, gut
tady ecw aok tad fecwbdkid taot tady eddk
tc b`vd scgdr b`vds. Cvdrobb, port`h`poets wdrd
ec bceidr ojro`k cj tad`r sdbvds oek tady aok
lcrd cj o haoehd tc gd suhhdssjub `e tad`r
dekdovcurs.
Loey port`h`poets ldet`cedk taot
tady wdrd ecw `e hcetrcb cj tad`r b`vds6
tady wdrd ecw `e haorid. Cvdrobb, tad
port`h`poets eorrot`vds sacwdk taot tad`r
pcwdr ecw wos irdotdr taoe tad pcwdr kruis
aok aok cvdr tad`r b`vds ot ced t`ld.
]ort`h`poets aok io`edk tad`r pdrsceob pcwdr
gohf. Os wd b`stdedk tc tadsd pdcpbds
eorrot`vds, wd jdbt os `j tady aok oe
cgb`iot`ce tc tad`r sdbvds tc stoy hbdoe, tc
stoy scgdr. Jcr tad port`h`poets, tad`r
okk`ht`ce oek rdhcvdry prchdssds aok gdde
orkucus ncuredys, ncuredys cj hcl`ei gohf
tc ecrlob. [ad fecwbdkid io`edktarcuia tadsd ncuredys prcv`kdk tad
port`h`poets ect ceby w`ta edw sdbvds, gut
obsc w`ta w`skcl, wa`ha deogbdk tadl tc
lcvd jcrwork os tady hcestruhtdk edw b`vds.
Cvdrobb, tad port`h`poets `e ta`s stuky ord
pctdet`ob `eecvotcrs, `evdetcrs, oek hrdotcrs
cj edw jcrls cj hcekuht jcr tadlsdbvds.
Xtrdeitas & B`l`tot`ces
@e idedrob, luha aos gdde wr`ttde ce
tad pottdres cj krui usd oek tad vory`ei
johtcrs taot `lpdb ctadrs `etc okk`ht`ce oek
sugsdqudetby `etc rdhcvdry. Acwdvdr, tadrd
`s b`l`tdk `ejcrlot`ce ce tacsd wac
loeoids tc rdhcvdr w`tacut rdaog`b`tot`ce cr
jcrlob trdotldet. [ad hurrdet stuky `s usdjub
`e hcetr`gut`ei tc tad idedrob gcky cj
fecwbdkid `e ta`s ordo. @t w`bb obsc gdedj`t
oek adbp tad juturd rdsdorhadr os tad`r iu`kd.
[ad stuky hoe obsc cpde `e tad kdvdbcpldet
cj ta`s stuky. @t `s k`jjdrdet jrcl oey ctadr
stuk`ds, jcr `t jchusds lcrd ce tad `etdreob
lct`vot`ce cj tad pdrsce oek ect tad dxtdreob
lct`vot`ce lcst rdsdorhadrs usd.
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?0
Gut sdvdrob b`l`tot`ces wdrd `lpb`h`t
`e tad stuky. J`rst, wd ossdssdk doha
port`h`poet us`ei cur `etdrv`dw iu`kd taot
deogbds us tc cgto`e cur kds`rdk rdsubts.
Xdhcek, cur stuky jchusdk ceby `e tad post
dxpdr`dehds cj tad port`h`poets wac
uekdriced krui okk`ht`ce oek rdhcvdrdk
us`ei lct`vot`ei johtcrs. J`eobby, wd aok o
slobb solpbd cj port`h`poets taot b`l`tdk cur
pcwdr tc stuky ctadr johtcrs taot adbp tadl
`e rdhcvdry.
Ojtdr hcekuht`ei tad stuky, tad
rdsdorhadrs suiidst tad jcbbcw`ei jcr juturd
stuk`ds rdiork`ei tad tcp`h. [ad rdsdorhadrs
lust prcpcsd o w`kdr shcpd cj solpbds sc
taot `t hcubk hcetr`gutd lcrd jcr o hcehrdtd
gos`s jcr idedrob`zot`ce oek jcr o luha
tacrcuia uekdrstoek`ei cj tad tcp`h oek tad
port`h`poets dxpdr`dehds uekdr tad krui
rdhcvdry oek `etdreob lct`vot`ce. Tsd cj
hosd stuky wcubk gd rdhclldekdk jcr
jurtadr stuky, jcr `t dxhdbs ot gr`ei`ei tad
rdokdrs oe uekdrstoek`ei cj o hclpbdx `ssud
cr cgndht oek hoe dxtdek dxpdr`dehd cr okk
strdeita tc waot `s obrdoky fecwe tarcuia
prdv`cus rdsdorha. @t obsc dlpaos`zds
kdto`bdk hcetdxtuob oeobys`s cj o b`l`tdk
eulgdr cj dvdets cr hcek`t`ce oek tad`r
rdbot`cesa`ps
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7=
WDJDWDEHDX
O Hcllce ]urpcsd> Wdhcvdry `e Juturd Ldetob Adobta Xdrv`hds. (7==9). attp>//www.sh`d.
cri.uf/pugb`hot`ces/pcs`t`cepopdrs/pp=1.pkj Wdtr`dvdk Nued ?7, 7=?7
Okols, ]. & Yorrde, A. (7=?=). Wdspcek`ei tc tad W`sfs Ossch`otdk Y`ta tad Wdbopsd cj
Wdhcvdr`ei Xtojj Ldlgdrs Y`ta`e Okk`ht`ce Xdrv`hds. Xugstoehd Tsd & L`susd, 7=?=, Zcb. ;4 @ssud
:, p04?-0:9
Onzde, @. & J`sagd`e, L. (7==4). [ad @ejbudehd Cj Ott`tukd ce Gdaov`cr. Edw Pcrf> LhIrowa`bb
Obb Ogcut Okk`ht`ce. (7==1). attp>//www.ldk`hobedwstckoy.hcl/`ejc/okk`ht`ce/ Wdtr`dvdk Nued ?7,
7=?7
Go`egr`kid,H. (7=?7). @etr`es`h Lct`vot`ce. attp>//i`jtdkf`ks.ogcut.hcl/ck/ibcssory/i/
`etr`es`h.atl Wdtr`dvdk Nuby 8=, 7=?7
Goekuro, O. (?001). Adobta ]rclct`ce jrcl tad ]drspdht`vd cj Xch`ob Hcie`t`vd [adcry. ]syhacbciyoek Adobta, 7==1, Zcb ?8, p:78-:;0
Goekuro, O. (?000). O sch`chcie`t`vd oeobys`s cj sugstoehd ogusd> oe oidet`h pdrspdht`vd.
]syhacbci`hob Xh`dehd, ?000, Zcb. ?=, @ssud 8, p7?;-7?9
Goekuro, O. (7==:). [cwork o psyhacbciy cj auloe oidehy. Ossch`ot`ce jcr ]syhacbci`hob Xh`dehd,
7==:, Zcb. ?, @ssud 7, p?:;-?1=
G`dreohf` ]. ?01:. ]otawoys jrcl adrc`e okk`ht`ce> Wdhcvdry w`tacut trdotldet. ]a`bokdbpa`o>
[dlpbd Te`vdrs`ty ]rdss.
Gbol`ei Nust`j`ds Pcur Cwe Gok Gdaov`cr. (7=?=).attp>//www.ececesdesdsdbjkdjdesd.
hcl/gboldGokGdaov`cr.atl Wdtr`dvdk Nued ?7, 7=?7
Gced, W. dt ob (7=??). B`vdk Dxpdr`dehd cj Zcbot`bd Xugstoehd L`susd. XugstoehdTsd & L`susd,
Loy7=?? Xuppbdldet ?, Zcb. ;:, p??0-?79
Gcced, K. (7=??). Losbcw's A`drorhay cj Eddks gy Kdbgdrt Gcced. 4>=?
Gcyk, X., [osaf`e, K., Audst`s, L., Ad`saloe, X., Kdrloek, N., X`llces, L., Icrdb`hf, K. (7==4).
Xtrotdi`ds jcr _u`tt`ei olcei Ece-trdotldet-sddf`ei Lor`nuoeo Xlcfdrs. [ad Oldr`hoe Ncureob ce
Okk`ht`ces, 7==4, Zcb. ?;, @ssud ?, p.84-;7
Horrcbb, H. (7===). Kruis `e Lckdre Xch`dty (4tadk.). Gcstce> LhIrow-A`bb.
Hbcuk, Y. & Iroej`dbk, W. (7==1). Hcehdptuob`z`ei rdhcvdry hop`tob> dxpoes`ce cj o tadcrdt`hob
hcehdpt. Xugstoehd Tsd & L`susd, 7==1, Zcb. ;8 @ssud ?7/?8, p?09?-?01:.
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7?
Hceedr, G., Bceisacrd, K., oek Oeib`e, L.K. (7==0). Lckdb`ei Ott`tukd tcworks Krui [rdotldet>
[ad Wcbd cj @etdreob Lct`vot`ce, Dxtdreob ]rdssurd, oek Krolot`h Wdb`dj. Ncureob cj Gdaov`crob
Adobta Xdrv`hds & Wdsdorha, Opr7==0, Zcb.8: @ssud 7, p?4=-?41.
Hac`hd [adcry attp>//de.w`f`pdk`o.cri/w`f`/Hac`hdStadcry Wdtr`dvdk Nuby ?9, 7=?7
Hcpdrs`ec, L., dt ob (7==:). _u`tt`ei Olcei Ece-[rdotldet-Xddf`ei Lor`nuoeo Tsdrs> Wdosces oek
Haoeids `e Ctadr Xugstoehd Tsd. [ad Oldr`hoe Ncureob ce Okk`ht`ces, 7==:, Zcb. ?4, @ssud ;,
p7098=7
Kovdepcrt, G. (7=??). Oe @etrckuht`ce tc Hac`hd [adcry attp>//www.gruhdkovdepcrt.
hcl/quob`ty-wcrbk.atlb Wdtr`dvdk Nuby ?9, 7=?7
Kdoe, O., Xouekdrs, N., oek Gdbb, N. (7=??). Adrc`e Tsd, Kdpdekdehd, oek Ott`tukds tc [rdotldet `e
Ece-[rdotldet-Xddf`ei Adrc`e Tsdrs> O ]`bct Xtuky. Xugstoehd Tsd & L`susd, 7=??, Zcb. ;:, @ssud
;, p;?9;74
Kdh`, D.B. (?097). Djjdhts cj dxtdreobby ldk`otdk rdworks ce `etr`es`h lct`vot`ce. Ncureob cj
]drsceob`ty oek Xch`ob ]syhacbciy, ?097, Zcb. 77, @ssud, p??8-?7=.
Kdh` D. & Wyoe W (?00?). O lct`vot`ceob opprcoha tc sdbj> @etdirot`ce `e pdrsceob`ty. @e W.
K`destg`dr, Edgrosfo sylpcs`ul ce Lct`vot`ce> ]drspdht`vds ce lct`vot`ce. B`ehcbe> Te`vdrs`ty cj
Edgrosfo ]rdss.
Kcufos, E & Hubbde, N. Wdhcvdrdk okk`hts wcrf`ei `e tad okk`ht`ce j`dbk> p`tjobbs tc sugstoehd ogusd
rdbopsd. Kruis> Dkuhot`ce, ]rdvdet`ce & ]cb`hy, Nue7=?=, Zcb. ?9 @ssud 8, p7?:-78?
Krui Okk`ht`ce `e tad ]a`b`pp`eds (7==1) attp>//obhcacbrdaog.hcl/`etdreot`ceob-rdaog/obhcacb-rdaog-
pa`b`pp`eds/krui-okk`ht`ce-`e-tad-pa`b`pp`eds/ Wdtr`dvdk Nued ?7, 7=?7
Krui oek Obhcacb @ejcrlot`ceKde`ob (7=?7) attp>//www.didtic`ei.hcl/kruiSokk`ht`ce/
kde`ob.osp Wdtr`dvdk Nued ?7, 7=?7
Dgouia AWJ. (?011). Gdhcl`ei oe dx> [ad prchdss cj rcbd-dx`t. Ha`hoic> @bb`ec`s, Te`vdrs`ty cj
Ha`hoic ]rdss.
Deis, W. (?090). Wdspces`gbd Krui oek Obhcacb Tsd. Edw Pcrf> LhL`bboe.
J`dbks, W. (?004). Kruis `e ]drspdht`vd (7ekdk.). Lok`sce, Y`shces`e> Grcwe & Gdehalorf.
J`dst, N. & J`dst, I. (7==0). [adcr`ds cj ]drsceob`ty (9tadk.). Edw Pcrf> LhIrow A`bb
J`eboy, B. & Gobb`eidr, H. (7==:). _uob`tot`vd Wdsdorha jcr Obb`dk Adobta ]rcjdss`ceobs> Haobbdei`ei
Hac`hds. Yaurr ]ugb`sadrs, Ha`hadstdr
Jbcw tadcry (7=?7) attp>//dkutdhaw`f`.ue`id.ha/de/JbcwStadcry Wdtr`dvdk Nuby 79, 7=?7
Jroefde, W. (7==9). Auloe Lct`vot`ce (:tadk.). ]oh`j`h Ircvd> Grccfs/Hcbd.
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Jrcl Opotay tc Jbcw `e Krui Okk`ht`ce (7=?=)attp>//obhcacbrdaog.hcl/obhcacb-rdaog/jrcl-opotay-
tc-jbcw/ Wdtr`dvdk Nuby ?9, 7=?7
Idrobk`ed. (7=?=). Hac`hd [adcry> [ad _uob`ty Ycrbk attp>//psykci.hcl/tad-quob`ty-wcrbk/
Wdtr`dvdk Nuby ?9, 7=?7
I`cvozcb`os, [., oek Kov`s, ]. (7==4). Lotha`ei [adropdut`h @etdrvdet`ces tc Krui oek Obhcacb
Ogusdrs Xtoid cj Lct`vot`ce> [ad Hb`dets ]drspdht`vd.Hcuesdbb`ei ]syhacbciy _uortdrby, Xdp7==4,
Zcb. ?1 @ssud 8, p?9?-?17, ?7p.
Iroet, N. (7==9). Wurob Ycldes Xtcr`ds cj Wdhcvdry Jrcl Okk`ht`ce. Okk`ht`ceWdsdo.rha &
[adcry, Cht7==9, Zcb. ?4 @ssud 4, p47?-4;?, 7?p
Iros`ei, F., Lotaur, K., & Kdscuzo, H. (7=?=). Yr`ttde Dlct`ceob Dxprdss`ce Kur`ei
Wdhcvdry.Xugstoehd Tsd & L`susd, 7=?=, Zcb. ;4 @ssud 9/1, p?7=?-?7?4
Aobb, H., B`ekzdy, I., Holpgdbb, N. (?001). [adcr`ds cj ]drsceob ty (;tadk.). Edw Pcrf> Ncae Y`bdy
& Xces, @eh.
Aowcrta, I. (?01;). Xch`ob wcrf rdsdorha, proht`hd, oek porok`ils. Xch`ob Xdrv`hd Wdv`dw, ?01;,
Zcb 41, p8;8849.
Adrideaoae, G.W. & Cbsce, L. (7==9). Oe @etrckuht`ce tc [adcr`ds cj Bdore`ei 9taDk`t`ce (9tadk.).
Edw Ndrsdy> ]dorsce, Dkuhot`ce Xcuta Os`o ]td Btk.
A`bbdr, L., Eordv`h, D., Ydgstdr, N.L., Wcsde, ]., Xtotce, L., Bdufdjdbk, H., Iorr`ty, J., oek Foyc, W.
(7==0). ]rcgbdl Xdvdr`ty oek Lct`vot`ce jcr [rdotldet `e @ehorhdrotdk Xugstoehd Ogusdrs.
Xugstoehd Tsd & L`susd, 7==0,Zcb. ;; @ssud ?, p71-;?.
Fob`vos, ]. oek Zcbfcw, E. (7==4). [ad Edurob Gos`s cj Okk`ht`ce>O ]otacbciy cj Lct`vot`ce oek
Hac`hd. Ol N ]syha`otry, 7==4, Zcb. ?:7 @ssud 1, p?;=8?;?8
Fcrhao, W., ]cbh`e, K., Gcek, N., Bopp, Y., Iobbcwoy, I. (7=??). Xugstoehd Tsd Oek Lct`vot`ce> O
Bcei`tuk`eob ]drspdht`vd. [ad Oldr`hoe Ncureob cj Krui oek Obhcacb Ogusd, 7=??, Zcb. 89 @ssud ?,
p;1-48
Bo`, D. (7=??). Lct`vot`ce> O B`tdroturd Wdv`dw. attp>//www.pdorsceossdssldets.hcl/
ao`/`loids/tlrs/Lct`vot`ceSWdv`dwSj`eob.pkj Wdtr`dvdk Nuby ?=, 7=?7
Boukdt, O., Gdhfdr, N., oek Ya`td, Y. (7==0). Kcet Yoeeo Ic [arcuia [aot Lokedss Ec Lcrd>_uob`ty cj B`jd Xot`sjoht`ce os ]rdk`htcr cj Xusto`edk Wdl`ss`ce jrcl @bb`h`t Krui L`susd. Xugstoehd
Tsd & L`susd, 7==0, Zcb. ;; @ssud 7, p779-747
Bcjboek, N. (?09:). Kc`ei sch`ob b`jd> [ad quob`tot`vd stuky cj auloe `etdroht`ce `e eoturob sdtt`eis.
Edw Pcrf> Ncae Y`bdy & Xces.
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Lorueo X. (7==?). Lof`ei icck> Acw dx-hcev`hts rdjcrl oek rdgu`bk tad`r b`vds. Yosa`eitce, KH>
Oldr`hoe
]syhacbci`hob Ossch`ot`ce.
Lh@etcsa N, LhFdioedy E. (7==7). Gdot`ei tad kroice> [ad rdhcvdry jrcl kdpdekdet krui usd.
Aorbcw, Deiboek>]rdet`hd-Aobb.
LhWcy, W. (?004). _uob`tot`vd Wdsdorha attp>//www.uehp.dku/acld/lorsce/quob`tot`vd
Srdsdorha.atlb Wdtr dvdk Nuby 70, 7=?7
Lct`vot`ce oek Hac`hd [adcry (7=?=) attp>//obhcacbrdaog.hcl/obhcacb-rdaog/lct`vot`ce-oek-hac`hd-
tadcry/ Wdtr`dvdk Nuby ?9, 7=?7
Lydrs, K. (7=?=). Xch`ob ]syhacbciy (?=tadk.). Edw Pcrf> LhIrowa`bb.
Eovoroteol, Z. oek F`e, J. (?004). Wdpcrt cj tad Os`oe Lubt`h`ty Dp`kcl`cbciy Ycrfircup ?004.
Loboys`o> Eot`ceob Hdetdr jcr Krui Wdsdorha.
Edwtce, dt ob (7==0) [adcr`ds cj Okk`ht`ce> Ldtaolpadtol`ed TsdrsDxpboeot`ces jcr Hcet`eu`ei
Krui Tsd oek Wdbopsd. Oldr`hoe Ncureob ce Okk`ht`ces, Nub7==0, Zcb. ?1 @ssud ;, p70;-8==
]cbh`e, K., Iobbcwoy, I., & Irddej`dbk, [. (7==:). Ldosur`ei hcejrcetot`ce kur`ei rdhcvdry jrcl
okk`ht`ce. Xugstoehd Tsd & L`susd, 7==:, Zcb. ;? @ssud 8, p8:0-807.
]cbh`e, K., dt ob. (7=?=). Wdhcvdry Jrcl Okk`ht`ce `e [wc [ypds cj Xcgdr B`v`ei.
W`hd, L. (7==0). O Hac`hd [adcry Opprcoha tc Krui oek Obhcacb Ogusd.
attp>//gccfs.iccibd.hcl.pa/gccfs3`k [ad hosd jcr eoturob`st`h
ldtacks. Ncureob cj Xch`ob Ydbjord, Zcb ; @ssud 78, p??0?7:.
[drry H. (7==8). [ad jdbbos> Cvdrhcl`ei pr`sce oek okk`ht`ce. Gdblcet, HO> Yokswcrta/[aclsce
Bdore`ei.
[roha`l, Y. (7==7). Wdsdorha Ldtacks, Fecwbdkid Gosd attp>//oeotclyjohts.hcl/
Wdsdorha/WdsdorhaLdtacksFecwbdkidGosd.pkj Wdtr`dvdk Nuby 8=, 7=?7
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X[O[DLDE[ [OGBD
C]DEEDXX [C HAOEID
OEEDEccei iustc fc eoei oyus`e oei guaoy fc, eofopoiosowo eo ofc loyyy potutueiuoe eo yuei guaoy fcfos` ecce wobo d koboio boei oec ecce d s`id boei susueck boei ofc so oics, pdrc eioyce sydlprd loy
lio oeof eo ofc fo`boeioe eo `t`i`b poro so lio oeof fc. (]oid 7>b`ed 84-89)Xo sor`b` fc boei (]oid 7>b`ed ;1)A`ek` fo`boeioe fos` d l`slcei s`p fc boei k`e eoiturc sof`e, s`p fc r`e oei loipopogoic e`yoe eo oa
t`i`b eo, tolo eo, eo tc eo yuei rdob`ty,aorop`e lc eo. (]oid 7>b`ed47-4;)
Lotoiob goic lofob`lutoe fo`boeioe so aorop lc lof`f`to lc l`slc fos` louukycf fo d, poibobogoelc yce. (]oid 8>b`ed :8-:;)Fo`boeioe loi`ei lotopoei fo, a`ek` gosto gosto poiaorop so poip`i`b eyoe. (]oid 8>b`ed 1?)Aowof fc tc, kobo fc tc d. Fulgoio, sor`b` fc tc d. ]rcuk po eio ofc d, poroei ioeue. Eoijchus boei of
so pol`byo fc, cc ioeue. Cfoy eo yue, t`e`i`b fc eo.
GD[A Yobo eoloe. Fopoi i`eustc, foyo. Foyo fuei foyo. Oycfc eo, oycfc eo iulol`t. [oiob fc eieofog`boeiic kyoe d. t`i`b eo. a`i`t boei ?4 ydors. [`ro-t`ro, loy saogu ofc so foloy. Gosto ofc loy pdrecce, saogu boei ei saogu. D oycfc eo. (]oid 7>b`ed 94-99)
Obol lc ecce, sog` fc po eio foy dkky, poeoy po oei iol`t fc, sog` fc po foy Dkky, Ky,oec lc eo eofc, pordaog lc eo fc. ]drc sog` eyo sof`e fuei iustc lc tul`i`b, eosoyc r`e yoe. Fos` loloyo,
popordaog, poibogos lc, ioiol t fo ub`. C k`go, eososofotowoe pobo, so sor`b` lc. Oei poifofooec fc rso buior eol`e, gulogob`f r`e so kot` d. tul`t`f`l k`e d, yuei eordrdaog. Gosto oei obol fc boei, fueiiustc lcei tul`i`b, eososoyc r`e yoe so sor`b` lc.
HOBCP wobo ofc r`e, sor`b` fc eo r`e. Puei guekcb sof`e ei lio gorfoko, trcpo t`i`boe lc eo yoe woboeiloeiyoyor` kye. (]oid ?>b`ed 89-81)
Wdaog3 A`ek`, fuso sor`b` boei toboio. (]oid ?> b`ed ;7)
KCBBP Oy so sor`b` fc, oy wobo, fuso boei ofc. (]oid 7>b`ed ::)A`ek` eoloe, a`ek` ofc eoa`ropoe gosto gosto eoso sor`b` lc yoe poi s`eog` lc oyow lc eo eoso yoe.(]oid 8>b`ed 04-0:)
Yobo t`e`i`b fc boei, t`e`i`b fc boei gosto. (]oid 8>b`ed 1;)Cc, gosto loy bofos fo ei gosto lobofos oei poei hcetrcb Lc. (]oid 8>b`ed 01)
so rdaog3 K` ofc eoe`e`wobo kyoe d. eoig`g`ioy s`bo ei iolut, fosc eio boei poroei so eof`to fc, eoso tyoe d. hcetrcb fo boei. soyoei boei i`eostcs, gogob`f fo r`e eoloe pofo.
DW@H A`ek` , so sor`b` fc boei . (]oid ?>b`ed 7:)
Oyue eio poro loigoic guaoy fc. (]oid ?>b`ed 7:)A`ek` ,sor`b` fc boei. (]oid ?>b`ed 71)
Kopot lotopoei s`yo ,poe`e`ek`ioe. (]oid 7>b`ed 4:)Eioyce da `wos eoboei toboio foa`t eo yoyo`e fo, a`ek` fo eo t t`f`l. (]oid 7>b`ed :?)lorol` eo fcei eof`to r`tc eo eoipordaog topcs gulob`f k`e. K` ofc eoe`e`wobo kyoe fos` p`eotueoyoe f
so sor`b` fc eo foa`t wobo ofcei rdaog, iulob`ei ofc.
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JDB@Q A`ek` eoloe tctobby bubcei. Puei oec fc boei eo gofo a`ek` fc eo lop`i`boe yuei sor`b` fc foyo t`e`i`bofc, s`eog` fc so sor`b` fc eo `t`i`b. (]oid ?, b`ed ?0-7=)
eofoyoeoe fc eoloe, koa`b wobo ofcei eosoaoei lofofotubcei so ioeyoei poeoace (poid 7, b`ed ;7-;Teoei ueo poro so sor`b` fc eo k`e d, koa`b wobo eoloe ofcei a`e`eioe ei tubcei eo gosto eof`to fc eo
boei so sor`b` fc eo iustc fc eoei loigoic, tul`i`b so poikokruis. (poid 7, b`ed :0-9?)Yobo eoloe, sor`b`ei oec fc boei, sor`b` fc boei, woboei wobo, tubok ei poe`e`ior`byc eioyce, t`e`i`boe foei s`ior`byc poro so sor`b` fc eo oycfc eo gofo lorolkoloe fc eo boei so goeikoei aub`, aub` eo. (]oi
7, b`ed 98-94)
Yobo eoloe eoeuaoe eo lokob` d. toboioei loa`a`ropoe fo so ueoei orow, poeiobowoei orow, soeib`eiic, soei guwoe, aoeiioei so b`b`pos eo boei eofoyoeoe fc eoei ul`wos (poid 7, b`ed 99-90)@so eo eio yuei sor`b` boei d, fos` yue eo boei loipoiooeuaoe fc eo eoiowo fcei tul`i`b eo a`ek` ofc
aul`a`ei` ei tubcei, wobo ofcei e`bop`toe. (]oid 8, b`ed 10-0=)
[`goy ei poe`e`wobo so sor`b`, oa poi i`eustc toboio ei toc foyo (poid 8, b`ed 08)A`ek`, eoso toc eo r`e fos` yue d, koa`b foa`t oecei bop`t lc so lio toc poro aul`ei ei tubcei d poikot`ei r`e ei cros eo wobo eo yuei toc, sog`a`e eo eot`e eoi pordaog fo poi bogos lc eoukyufoe fo ub`t
kopot lot`goy oei sor`b` lc d, cc koa`b sor`b` wobo eoloe lofofopoi oecei `goei toc kyoe d sor`b` boei (poid 8, b`ed ??4-??1)
Yobo ofcei a`e`eioe ei tubcei. Eoigoic ofc koa`b so sor`b` fc.IDCWID Fo`boeioe ldrce k`e s`yoei lototoi eo poi``s`p. (]oid 7, b`ed ::)
AOWCBK Eoso sor`b e`yo eo yce. (]oid 8> b`ed ?=1)
Xof`e3 Yobo eo. Fos` eo`wosoe fc eio yoe ei wobo ei, woboei eoipoyc. Loy eoipoyc foyo boeiEoboiposoe fc eo s`bo k`go3 Fotubok eio eue, poifoiob`ei fc, ha`eobbdeid fc po yoe, eoitofd pofc eyoe. [oboioei ha`eobbdeid fc po yoe. (]oid 8> b`ed ??=-??7)
@WDED Ohtuobby, a`ek` eoloe ofc aul`ei` ei tubcei so `go, l`slc so sor`b` fc (poid 7> b`ed 4?)
Xo t`ei` fc eoloe a`ek` eoloe l`slc so sor`b`, so sor`b` fc, so ot`e so toc l`slc toyc oei lofofofcetrso sor`b` eot`e fuei iuiustuaoe ei loy fotowoe foyo6 fuei oyow ei loy fotowoe oyow toboio. Fueigoio loy ldrce toycei sob`to fuei iustc, loy porooe, fuei oyow, lorol`ei koa`boe yue yue poroe
ioeuei fosog`aoe. (]oid 8> b`ed 18-19)
Loa`rop3 Yobo eoloe eoso toc boei toboio yoe. Foyo a`ek` ofc eoe`e`wobo so oec yuei rdaog`b`tot`ce,eoso toc yoe, a`ek` lc fo`boeioe loipordaog, fuei oyow lc toboio, toboioei ooyow fo, fuei loypoe`e`ek`ioe fo toboaoei foyo yoe ei toc w`tacut rdaog b`tot`ce. (poid ;> b`ed ?7;-?79)
Oaa fotoei`oe kopot ldrce foei strcei oec, yuei w`bb tc j`iat, kue so poi ``srtruiibd lc, fo`boeioe lcboei eoloe hclpord oei icck oek gok, oec yuei loioekoei foroeosoe kur`ei so t`ld eo uekdr fo kru
ot ecrlob eo guaoy lc, eoguguaoy foei wobo fo so krcio. Puei oei boei oei fo`boeioe lc `hclpordfuei oec oei los losorop eo pof`rolkol kue, kcce po boei loifoforcce fo ei fuei oec fo ot fuei
sooe f ogo kopot pulueto. (]oid ;> b`ed ?8=-?8:)
NOHF A`ek` po eoloe s`iurc ofc ioeccei fokdspdroko koa`b lobofos eoloe oei of`ei potrcedso, fos`
usuobby yuei lio eobcbcfc, lof`t`k oei `s`p e`bo. Puei prcgbdlo e`bo scgroei fog`iot-g`iot foyo loylio p`eois`s`s`aoe s`bo goekoei aub`. (poid 7> b`ed ;9-;0)
A`eorop fc ei woboei tofct. Fos` yoei aolce so guaoy d, kulorot`ei yoegosto ldrce fo boei ickjdorkdtdrl`eot ce. (]oid 8> b`ed 98-9;)Fo`boeioe lototoi s`yo, lobowof, ldrce s`yoei hcej`kdehd so sor`b`. (]oid 8> b`ed 99)
@L]OH[X CE ADOB[A
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OEED a`ek` fo lofotubci, lobob`l oei `e``s`p kopot ldrce foei poitr`poe `yce yuei s`eosog` eo kopot ldrcefoei fofob`fut`e. Foa`t poick eo oei fotowoe lc s`id por`e iustc po r`e ei fotowoe lc. (poid ?>b`ed 7
77)t`eotolok fo eo, a`rop fo eoei ful`bcs, fo`e fo ei fo`e. (]oid 8>b`ed 0=)
`go oei dpdftc poi eofordhcvdry fo eo fos`, poiiol`t eyoe a`ek` fo ecrlob d, oyow lc eoei lotubci,toboioei os `e oyow lc ei lotubci, foa`t `boei orow eo p`e`p`b`t lcei pul`f`t a`ek` lofop`f`t ioeuetoboioei, pdrc poi eo bcwgot fo eoloe wobo eo yuei tolo eyoe tubci fo eoloe ei tubci aobcs oyow lc
eoei tuloyc. Taow eo uaow yoe oei lio tolo eyoe. (]oid 8>b`ed 07-0:)
ecrlob, lobowof oei poi``s`p ful`f`t`k fos` oei s`p ei soei loy soei ok`f. (]oid ;> b`ed ?=4)Pue eio, s`eosog` fc. ]oroei lof`eo yoe eo a`ek` fo eofoforolkol ei iutcl. Fuei oec yueip`eoitr`poe lcei iow`e, fuewor` loibobogo fo, foa`t ldkob ei orow eo, lototopcs lc yue. ]oroei
jddb`ei lc, ful`f`bcs fo po r`e. Ioeue syo. Foyo yuei lio ort`sto, f`to lc a`ek` fulofo`e. [op`ei ei
top`ei. @go eo. Cc, `go eo. ]oroei lob` eo tc, a`ek` eo ecrlob. I`s`ei ofc foa`t eo iustc fc ei lotubci,a`ek` eo pwdkd. Ioeue fos`, oekue po yuei tolo. @s`p boei ei `s`p ei foa`t eo oec. ]oroei poeiorop foboei ei poeiorop ei poeiorop. Yobo fo ei goei e``s`p. L`esoe, yuei goei loa`eo eo oei utof, e``s`p
oei prcgbdlo so pol`byo aoeiioei so eoioiob`t eo s`bo so toc. Poe oei dpdftc e`yoe, woboei fotopusoei`e``s`p lc yuei prcgbdlo lc. Ecrlob eo oei tubci fc. Pue, obol fc ei eofofordhcvdr eo fc.
GD[A Euei p`eo-Hcekd ofc e` ]o`fct (Aorcbk). Pue, `euugc-ugc eo fc. Tluugc-ugc eo fc. K`eobo ofc soHcekd, t`e`ieoe yuei goio fc. Puei foboaot` poroei purc ubop, yuei foboaot` guc. Pce, `soei b`eic ofc``ecl ei iolct.
HOBCP `boei orow ofcei woboei tubci, l`sf` oecei ecl lc ei obof a`ek` fo eobobos`ei ioeue. L`sf`eofolor`woeo fo wobo, poiiol`t lc so uloio tubcy-tubcy yue aoeiioei iog` (hc`e krcp) cc, gowob
lotubci, lofofotubci fo boei poi eofotogbdtos fo, vobul fo ioeue kue boei ofc eofoftubci.(]oid ?> b`ed?1-7?)
oec poroei oec poroei eot`i`b yuei g`syc fc, toboioei t`e`t``s fc, eoeoeof`t oei gucei fotowoe fc ioeupdrc a`ek` fc a`eoaoeop aoeop syo, l`esoe loeoeof`t b`fck fc, kobo eo r`e ei fo`koroe, so dkok. (]oid 78>b`ed 07-0;)
KCBBP Jrdd oio`e Vdxh`tdk\ (bouia`ei) wobo poroei poroei eofob`grd fo so g`syc, d oei solo solo pobo ei g`syc
eoy oe (bouia`ei) k` go3 ]oroei eofofob`grd fo poroei eogueutoe fo ei solpuei t`e`f so bobolueoeporoei ioeue! Losorop losorop so pof rolkol. (]oid ;> b ed ?8=-?87)
Xo `s`p3 Pue, eogogoktr`p ofc. Lo`e`t oei ubc fc. Loa`eo oei hcetrcb fc. Xofo lokob` ofcei loiob`t.
Eioyce lobofos eo oei hcetrcb fc. Eoeioyoyot k`e ofc ei austc. Oei sdxy fc (bouia) 7: boei oeigdwoei fc eue. Foyo boei poroei tuloeko yuei lufao fc. ]oroei eoicc`b yuei lufao lc eo pow`s epow`s fo. Eololow`s fo, k` fo pwdkdei loilofd-up fos` tubc ei tubc, pueos fo ei pueos. [opcseoeioeioyot fo ei austc, fos` k` fo eofofo`e. Oei poei`t k`e ei lufao fc, lufo ofcei lotoeko. Xdxy
eio, oei poei`t eoloe ei lufao lc. Eolulueos fo, poroei lotoeko. [oecei e`bo, fulofo`e fo po g
K` fo r`e eofofotubci. Kot`, boii`ei lo`e`t oei ubc fc, poroei iustc lc boi` loy foowoy. ]drc poieofordhcvdr fo eo, wobo eo. bobc eo poi loy eof`to foei a`ek` loioeko, eofu. Foyo eio yuei `go,
eofofopotoy po d koa`b so kruis.
DW@H ]oyot ofc, toboioei a`ek` supdr poyot. (]oid ?> b`ed ?:)
puyot boei, yue boei. Puei lio loto lc poroei boii`ei `eooetcf. K` lofotubci.
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JDB@Q Oyue yuei poeioeioyoyot, yuei poroeoi eowowoboe fo ei t`wobo so sor`b`, tsfo a`ek` fo eoeof`f`aobcg`bc so goei toc koa`b eoifoforcce fo eio ei a`yo koa`b so foboioyoe lc. (poid ?> b`ed 79-70
]`s`fob koa`b eoforolkol ofcei a`ek` loioeko so sor`b` fc, tsofo `so eo yuei a`ek` fc eofofoyoeoegul`b`, gofo lofo`s`p ofc ei a`ek` loioeko. (]oid 7> b`ed ;4-;:)
Xo lio ueoei orow, tsofo so lio ueoei iog` eoroeosoe fcei tul`i`b eoiforcce ei poe`e`goic yueifotowoe fc, aoeiioei so eoitoiob eofoyoeoe fc eo r`e boei t`eubcy fc eo boei. (poid 7> b`ed 14-19)Xydlprd loi`eaowo eo so pof`rolkol, eofofobuwoi fo eo foa`t popooec, poroei eowoboe fo eo ei
oboboaoe`e eo gofo loaub` fo, c gofo lok`sirosyo fo ei `goei toc ioeue (poid 8> b`ed 0:-01)
Oyue eio lobuwoi eo so pof`rolkol, eo oec foa`t popooec so sor`b` loy t`wobo eo. (]oid 8> b`ed ?=;-?=4)Pue, eoa`a`ropoe ofcei aul`eio. [opcs, poro foei eoeia`a`eo. ]oroei oec go tc3 @e``s`p fc so fopwo f
loy ioiow`e sof`e pdrc a`ek` eoloe pobo. ]oroei toloei a`eobo eo, poroei eoi`i`ei ediot`vd eio yuei
`s`p lc so fopwo lc. Fuewor` yuei lot`ieoe fo boei, oec eoloe tcei lofot ei`e. ]oroei ioeue. Ktubok euei ueo, potoei-poto eo. Xydlprd f`bcs fo fos` ei f`bcs, k` lc eololoboyoe eo i`eoiowo lc yuFoyo fopoi eoipoa`eio fo rce, potoei-poto eo yuei fotowoe lc. K` tubok eccei ecrlob foei eoitrogo
ecce, eoipuyot, fopoi eoipoa`eio fo, losorop eo so pof`rolkol. Fosolo yue so krcio d, kdprdss`ce.Eoooec fo so poi``s`p euei oec go eoloe tcei eoeiyoyor` sof`e3 Puei prcgbdlo ei pol`byo fc. Pue
lio eoboboloe lcei prcgbdlo. A`ek` lc eopupueo, loy prcgbdlo fo eo pobo, a`ek` lc eoboboloeprcgbdlo ei `go. Eoooec fo so poi``s p. @s`p ei `s`p.
IDCWID ]oyot ofc, toboioei a`ek`, supdr poyot. (]oid ?> b`ed ?:)
Pue, los`ibo a`ek` tubok kot` ,puyot !eioyce fulpbdtc so tubci so poifode. yue yuei lio ioeue. (poid
1?-17)Losorop so pof`rolkol, cfoy! ]ot` poit`ei`e ei toc soyc cfoy eo r`e. (]oid 8> b`ed 0=)Lososog` fc boei.woi eo gofo fos` `wos trcugbd k`e yue, poro k`e so fobusuioe e`bo, woi eo e`bo `tofd
yoe. (]oid 8> b`ed ?=7-?=8)
AOWCBK Xo eioyce a`ek` ofc iuloiol`t. [opcs eo fc kyoe, oeikot`ei sof`e e`yoe pdrw`syc so Fotowoe.
]oick. ]oick ei s`poe, poick ei fotowoe. (]oid 7> b`ed 7?-77)Aobcs potoy fotowoe fc, `soei guwoe. @soei guwoe ofc so csp`tob. @soei guwoe ofc so Ldtrc. ]oro ofc
porobyzdk. Ioeuei, iulob`ei ofc, sog` fcei ioecei, fofc a`ek`a`ek` saogu oeia`ek` so saogu ofceooec, eocvdrkcsd. (]oid ?-7> b`ed ;7-;;)
A`ek`, ub`t`e fc eueieuei eopoifoiob`ei fc eio so cvdrkcsd koa`b sokcwedrs. ]oifogob`f fc,poifob`pos ei `soei guwoe, t`eofd fc ub` syo, saogu. ]oro potueoyoe fc so sor`b` fc, foyo fc `wosoe yoeKoa`b kyoe k` ofc eos`ro. (]oid 7> b`ed 4:-41)
A`ek` eo, eo`s`p fc eo toboioei oecoec boei, wobo eoloe toboioei oece o d, poick boei ei fotowoe d(]oid 7> b`ed :7-:8)
@WDED eoowo ofc so sor`b` fc eccei l`esoe k`eoeos fc poi uw` fc ei goaoy eol`e wobo ofei fofo`e`e eo
p`euetaoe fc eue koa`b so iutcl fc fus`eo, eoroeosoe fcei goiccei oei fo`e`e fc so lobol`i eo foe`eeoowo ofc so sor`b` fc eccei eo eo``yof ofc eo a`ek` eoloe yue oei poifotoc fc, so tctcc boei lop`b` o
so poifo`e pdrc yuei t`ld eoy ue koa`b so iutcl fc, fulo`e ofc eue, yue yuei iul`s`ei sof`e eo a`ekfc go lotoeiiop so sor`b` fc eo ioe`tc eo go ofc ubt`lc s`eifc poeig`b` ei ubol wobo eo ofc, yue yueeof. Eopofosorop loguaoy ei woboei, woboei krcio so fotowoe. (poid 8, b`ed ??:)
NOHF @e``s`p fc poro loigoic3 @e``s`piustc fcei loiforcce ei loioekoei s`lubo. Iustc fcei loi`ei
ecrlob ub` oei of`ei guaoy, poroei ioeue. (poid 7, b`ed ;7-;8)
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OEED ulp`so eo `yce poi oosowo, ooyus`e oei guaoy, eoiforcce ei oeof, fo`boeioe loiaoeopguaoy. (]oid7>b`ed 81-80)
fo`boeioe poi- t`t`i`b lc eo yoe fo`boeioe eo so `s`p lc yoe, so pusc lc, poe`ek`ioe lc, pdrc fo`boeipoi a`ek` lc foyo sulogoy fo so pol`byo lc fooiopoy lc s`bo, loikosob fo r`e lowowobo eo yoe. (]o
;>b`ed ??8-??4)Pue eio, yuei eo`ebcvd ofc. Aoeiioei so t`e`i`b fc eo. Fos` loy `esp`rosyce eo fc d. jchus, cc, ioeue.
GD[A Oa, yuei bulogos yuei opc fc. Puei pol`byo fc, opc fc. Puei oeof e` Dkkyei poeioeoy. Xog`f fos` od. Fos` oei bobof` eo ei lio oeof fc d. 74 eo s` Dku, oei oio eoiosowo d, yuei poeioeoy fc. yueisulueck, d ?01= f`eosob. 1?, 17, 18, sueck-sueck s`bo. (]oid ?>b`ed ?1)
HOBCP fuei oec eof`to lcei iowo`e so bccg ei pololoaoy, iow`e lc eo boei poro lo`wosoe lc oei poiiolei krcio. (]oid>f`ed 91-90)
eoiaoeop ofc ei trogoac ioeue, foa`t oecei trogoac t`eotoeiiop fc. (]oid 7>b`ed17)
fo`boeioe toboio loigoic fo, loigob`f bccg fo so toos ueoei-ueo yoe, fo`bo fo`boeioe ei toc yoe. Logpol`byo lc, loitrogoac fo, `gob`f lc yuei kot` lcei oyce so poluluaoy lc. (]oid 7>b ed :0-9?)
yuei gorfoko a`ek` eoloe lo``wosoe, sydlprd eoek`k`yoe eoloe yoe d. pdrc yoe loy a`i`t eo eo`tubcesof`e eyoe. [rcpo trcpo pdrc woboei oec eo. (]oid 7>9;-94)
yuei f`eogufosoe ei pol`byo fc, ei gucei pol`byo fc ioeue. (]oid 7>b`ed 0=)
all gorfoko r`e, koa`b eoifogob`foe fol` ei pol`byo fc, `boei toce fol` eoia`woboy eyoe all osowofc.(]oid ?>b`ed ;;-;4)
DW@H ]oro lofoaoeop ei trogoac,poro a`ek` lopoiusopoe ei lio fop`tgoaoy, fos` poi eof`f`to foei eofo
krcio, p`eoit`t`ei`eoe fo. (]oid ?>b`ed 8=-8?)Oaa, e`b`goei fc sor`b` fc. [ubok ei3 K`tc boei ,lokol`ei iowo`e,poiobo iobo ei goto ,lio aoycp. (]oi
7>b`ed ;4-;9)[ubok ei pol`byo. (]oid ?>b`ed 7:) Pue ,aogoei bulobof` uei lio oeof fc .yue oei eulgdr ? !aogoei
bulobof` uei oeof fc bobc fc eo``s`p eo t`i`b eo toboio. (]oid ?>b`ed 8=-8?)@s`p`e fc boei pol`byo fc ,osowo fc ,yue. (]oid ?>b`ed ;;)yue eio, eoioboio ofc ei lio aoycp, `eoboiooe fc yuei lio goto. ]oro lob`goei ofc. Kue fc boei
j`echus yuei sor`b` fc. Eofotubcei sof`e yue.
JDB@Q Oei i`eowo fc ecce fos` eo oec ofc so prutos ecce, koa`b oei trogoac fc lubo iog` aoeiioei loiuloio, foyo liolubo ecce `eoec fc eo foyso loipuyot ofc so poiiol`t kue eo boei ofc loipofopuyporo lofotubci oiok ofc poikot`ei ei uloio (poid 7, b`ed :;-:9)
Fos` kot` ecce, eccei eoiulp`so ofc eyoe, eoitrotrogoac r`e ofc kyoe ecce. [opcs oei eoeiyoyor` eyopoifotopcs fcei loitrogoac d k`, botoei-boto eo yuei fotowoe fc. [opcs f`eogufosoe, loitrotrogoac f
eo. d euei s`e`luboe fc ei t`i`boe, i`eowo fc r`ei koa`boe yuei poitrotrogoac fc. Fos`, loitrotrogoac,loipupuyot. Lofofotubci ofc ei looycs. [opcs lofofopoitrogoacei loy poe`goicei bofos. K` tubokeuei ueo, potoei-poto eo. Xydlprd f`bcs fo fos` ei f`bcs, k` lc eololoboyoe eo i`eoiowo lc yue. Fo
fopoi eoipoa`eio fo rce, potoei-poto eo yuei fotowoe lc. K` tubok eccei ecrlob foei eoitrogoac ecc
eoipuyot, fopoi eoipoa`eio, losorop eo so pof`rolkol
@WDED [rogoac, eoeiorop yuei so poeoirop fc eoy ue e`yofop fc, eo fo`boeioe fcei loeiyor` yue, yuei
poeiorop eo lofopoitrogoac, lofopoi toyc ei edicsyc so sor`b`, yuei oei e`yofop fc, krdols fc. Pueoei eoipurs`id. (poid 8, b`ed 08-0:)Xugscg boei so trogoac, ogobo so poi``s`p koa`b so trogoac, poif`f`poiusop so lio fb`ydetd, eoisdsdorha
ofc ei hb`det fuei s`ec yuei pwdkd fcei loi`ei prcspdht eo hb`det ioeue oei i`eowo fc. (poid 8, b`ed?==-?=7)
NOHF E`b`goei fc oei sor`b` fc ua, wobo ofcei i`eowo fuek` ow`toe fc ei loioioekoei ow`t`e oei gotoei
p`eobobof` fc poro lofo`wos ofc so g`syc. (]oid 7, b`ed 49-41)
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OEED ulp`so eo `yce poi oosowo, ooyus`e oei guaoy, eoiforcce ei oeof, fo`boeioe loiaoeopguaoy. (]oid7>b`ed 80-;=)
eccei eo-`ebcvd eo eio ofc, cc pol`byo eo toboio, eo fo`boeioe kdrdthac eo oei guaoy. (]oid 7> b`ed ;4;:
pol`byo, yoe lio oeof, tsfo yuei lio logugut`ei fo`g`ioesydlprd.(]oid 8>b`ed 90)`pof`to ei pol`byo eo loaoboio fo ueo yue, loy tofct fo so K`ycs poeiobowo yue, ot poeiotbc fueitoboioei all oyow lc eo oyow lc fos` so boei `s`p`e lc yuei lio goto eoi-ooetoy so guaoy lc.
(]oid 8>b`ed 14-19)
fo`boeioe poi- `t`t`i`b lc eo yoe fo`boeioe eo so `s`p lc yoe, `so pusc lc, poe`ek`ioe lc, pdrc fo`boeiopoi a`ek` lc foyo sulogoy fo so pol`byo lc fooiopoy lc s`bo, loikosob fo r`e lowowobo eo yoe. (]o;>b`ed ??8-??4)
]oroei a`ek` fo eo ecrlob so `goei toc d. Fos` `fow, `lgds eo soloaoe fo e`bo, a`ek`. Ooeuaoe fo po e`
o yoe, ok`f yoe. Yobo eoloe s`boei s`eosog`pdrc yuei lio t`ei`e e`bo, poroei kue fo lotutueow, eoporoei `go tc. Foa`t a`ek` e`bo pof`to soyc ei pdrsceob, ei aorop-aoropoe, soyc l`slc so sor`b` lc,lororolkoloe lc, poroei ul``wos s`bo soyc. A`ek` eoloe so eototofctpdrc poroei ioeue eo r`e
s`iurc. Oei `go, fopoi s`eog`ei ok`f fo, obccj ofc kyoe, k`go3 @go eo fos` yue d, pord-pordaos fol`, ofcloe boei soeo, loigoic. ]oroei ioeue. Lo`go eoloe ofc. Fos` fopoi yuei `goei toc pulueto sol`e,
s`bo, lio ok`f yo d, poroei ioeue. Fulpcrld yoe so lio fo`g`ioe d. loy goei fo`g`ioe, poroei bobc fpoei gogoue`e. Loy fo`g`ioe eo ``et`ek`a`e, fofousop`e fo. Ldrce k`e eoloe, poip`p`b`oe lc boei. Gos
poi eopueto fo kue so bobcei g`eogoue fo, wobo, bobc foei lo``p`t. Aoeiioei so folua`oe lc eo s`yo.
GD[A Oa, yuei bulogos yuei opc fc. Puei pol`byo fc, opc fc. Puei oeof e` Dkkyei poeioeoy. Xog`f fos` o
d. Fos` oei bobof` eo ei lio oeof fc d. 74 eo s` Dku, oei oio eoiosowo d, yuei poeioeoy fc. yueisulueck, d ?01= f`eosob. 1?, 17, 18, sueck-sueck s`bo. (]oid ?>b`ed ?1)Opc fc eio. [sofo eoa`a`yo eo r`e ofc, eoifofodkok eo fc. fulgoio, fuei sofo-sofob` lolotoy ofc,
gofo oec po r`e ofc kyoe so kruis. Xog`a`e ei lio fop`tgoaoy O yoe eolotoy fofot`ro ei saogu. C k`
eofofoa`yo poro so lio oeof fc, so lio pol`byo fcei lo``woe. (]oid ?>b`ed 88-84)
Puei lio opc fc eio boei. tsofo sor``b` fc. e``s`p fc poroeigosto, lororolkoloe lc r`e eoloe ycePuei lio loeuioei fc, poroei a`ek` fo eio i`eoioboei. ]oroei ioeue. K` eoloe tctobby a`ek` ofc
i`eoioboei, pdrc poroei so pof`rolkol fc, ioece. Logogo oei t`ei`e sof`e. (]oid 7>b`ed :4-:9)Puei loeuioei fc, pof`rolkol fc, poroei wobo ei rds