Post on 14-Jul-2015
co-funded by the European Union
Reasoning with Reasoning Semantic technologies for research in the
humanities and social sciences (STRiX)
Göteborg, 24 November 2014 Kristin Dill, Austrian National Library (ONB)
Gerold Tschumpel, Steffen Hennicke, Christian Morbidoni, Klaus Thoden, Alois Pichler
Outline
1. Digitised Manuscripts to Europeana (DM2E)
2. Pundit
3. Reasoning with Reasoning for Digital Humanities
STRiX
24.11.2014
Outline
1. Digitised Manuscripts to Europeana (DM2E)
2. Pundit
3. Reasoning with Reasoning for Digital Humanities
STRiX
24.11.2014
1. DM2E: About
● Digitised Manuscripts to Europeana
● EU-FP7 CIP-ICT-PSP.2011.2.1 - Aggregating content in Europeana
● 11 consortium parnters and 10 associated Partners
● Duration: Feb 2012 - Jan 2015 (36 months)
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1. DM2E: What is Europeana?
www.europeana.eu
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1. DM2E: Europeana Data Model
• Backbone of Europeana
• RDF representation of metadata
• Unites several standards & vocabularies
• Representation of cultural heritage objects
from libraries, archives and museums
• As generic as possible
• Can be specialised for different domains
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1. DM2E: Goals of DM2E
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1. Aggregation of manuscript metadata &
content
2. Interoperability Infrastructure
3. Digital Humanities Applications and Research
4. Community Building
1. DM2E: Goals of DM2E
STRiX 24.11.2014
1. Aggregation of manuscript metadata &
content
2. Interoperability Infrastructure
3. Digital Humanities Applications and Research
4. Community Building
1. DM2E: Project Architecture
STRiX 24.11.2014
You are here
1. DM2E: WP3 “DH Engineering”
DM2E is researching the scholarly practices in the humanities as well building tools that respond to the needs of scholars.
- http://dm2e.eu/digital-humanities/
Putting Linked Library Data to Work 18.11.2014
1. DM2E: WP3 Tasks
•Added value of EDM •Functional primitives of the Digital Humanities •Outreach DH community •Open source annotation tools
Putting Linked Library Data to Work 18.11.2014
Outline
1. Digitised Manuscripts to Europeana (DM2E)
2. Pundit
3. Reasoning with Reasoning for Digital Humanities
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2. Pundit: Semantic Web Annotation Tool
STRiX 24.11.2014
http://en.wikipedi
a.org/wiki/Plato
http://en.wikipedia
.org/wiki/Socrates
1913
Typescript
“Wittgenstein is
talking about
language signs
here in Ts-213”
discusses
discusses
document
type
has date
comment
ht
thttp://wittgensteinsource.org.org/
2. Pundit: Web Page Augmentation
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2. Pundit: Notebooks (Ask)
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2. Pundit: Faceted Browser
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2. Pundit: Visualisation using EdgeMaps
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2. Pundit: Visualisation using TimeMapper
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2. Pundit: PTP Template
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2. Pundit: Play with Pundit
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http://dev.thepund.it/tutorials/evaminerva2014/
Outline
1. Digitised Manuscripts to Europeana (DM2E)
2. Pundit
3. Reasoning with Reasoning for Digital Humanities
STRiX
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3. Reasoning: Goals
“What kinds of 'reasoning' do digital humanists want to see enabled by the data and information available in
Europeana together with those that are currently not part of the Europeana portal?”
- DOW DM2E (2012)
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3. Reasoning: What is SW Reasoning?
“Broadly speaking, inference on the Semantic Web can be characterized by discovering new relationships”*...
*http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/inference
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3. Reasoning: What is SW Reasoning?
• ...using machines!
- large-scale machine-based processing of RDF data
- uses logic and axioms
- “defined via rule sets or vocabularies”*
- mathematical and computational
Example*:
Flipper isA Dolphin > Flipper isA Mammal
*http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/inference
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3. Reasoning: Challenges for DH scholars
1. Lack of familiarity
2. Reasoner’s “ability” contentious (Zöllner-Weber 2009)
3. Knowledge representation activity preconfigures subsequent reasoning...
4. ...and in the Humanities often subjective
5. Humanities have complex and ambiguous research objects (Oldmann/Doerr/Gradmann, t.b.p.)
6. Goals of humanist research not compatible
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3. Reasoning: Humanist Reasoning?
“Reasoning, which has a long tradition that springs from philosophy and logic, places emphasis on the process of drawing inferences (conclusions) from some initial information (premises).” (Holyoak/Morrison 2012, 2)
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3. Reasoning: Humanist Reasoning for the SW
“inference on the Semantic Web can [also] be characterized by discovering new relationships”*...
*http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/inference
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3. Reasoning: Humanist Reasoning for the SW
...by human reasoning when looking at the graph.
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3. Reasoning: Methodology
1. Scholars creating Linked Data (of different complexity, and from different perspectives)
2. Scholars use faceted browsers
3. to query the graph
4. and answer specific research questions.
5. Scholars are then asked to reflect on their methods and results.
Low hanging fruits!
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3. Reasoning: Faceted Browser
http://metasound.dibet.univpm.it/dm2e/ajax-solr-master/examples/wab/
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3. Reasoning: Capturing Scholars’ Reflections
http://metasound.dibet.univpm.it/dm2e/ajax-solr-master/examples/wab/
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3. Reasoning: Use Cases
1. ERC AdG EUROCORR - Linked Data
2. Georg Eckert Institut - Annotation Vocabulary
3. Wittgenstein Archives Bergen - WAB Ontology
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3. Reasoning: Use Cases
1. ERC AdG EUROCORR - Linked Data
2. Georg Eckert Institut - Annotation Vocabulary
3. Wittgenstein Archives Bergen - WAB Ontology
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3. Reasoning: GEI Use Case
• Trained historian in educational history
• Digital Library of the Georg-Eckert-Institute which contains digitized historical textbooks from Germany
• Research question / interest
– Identifying topoi regarding the nation and the globalised world and how their connotation in different types of schoolbooks (religious orientation, school type, regional localisation etc.) change over time
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3. Reasoning: GEI Use Case
Reasoning 1. creating the vocabulary for annotation
a. factual (about the book), e.g. i. publication date and place, author, publication
house, religious orientation etc. b. interpretative (about the topoi), e.g.
i. positive-modern connotated with / negative-modern connotated with
ii. positive-male connotated with / negative-male connotated with Reasoning
3. Reasoning: GEI Use Case
3. Reasoning: GEI Use Case
2. applying the vocabulary a. interpretation of the texts
3. reasoning within the facetted browser (based on manual 250 annotations) a. creating hypothesis from the created annotations
i. basis for future in-depth and more systematic research
b. ontology as the basis for other text analysis programs?
3. Reasoning: WAB Archives Use Case
• Digital humanities scholars with a background in philosophy and Wittgenstein research
• Digital Library of the Wittgenstein Archives in Bergen which contains Wittgens Nachlass
• Querying the WAB Ontology
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3. Reasoning: WAB Archives Use Case
Reasoning 1. Creating the Ontology
Intended for the browsing of Wittgenstein's writings (with Wittgenstein Source in focus) and their internal and external relations, including bibliographic metadata, references to persons and works of others, datings of the single remarks, and also text genetic paths.
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3. Reasoning: WAB Archives Use Case
Reasoning 2. Asking the Research questions with the faceted
browser a. Find both primary and secondary literature that
helps me discuss Wittgenstein’s conception of philosophy as a whole and with a focus on a subarea
b. Checking whether Grammar is a popular topic among Wittgenstein annotators
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3. Reasoning: WAB Archives Use Case
Reasoning: 3. Analysing the Results
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3. Reasoning: Lessons Learned
• We are still evaluating
• Raise awareness regarding these issues
– rethink the term “Reasoning”
• Using facetted browsers as one possible way to create a bridge between SW reasoning and humanist reasoning
– three phases of “Reasoning” with browser
– new areas to model
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3. Reasoning: Tenative Results Use Cases
• Humanist use cases – intermediate results in an ongoing research
process* • GEI use case
- opinion mining • Wittgenstein
- create a basis for the contextualisation and comparison of the ideas of the author and his reception
• In general
– issue of authority and (social) context = trust
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Thank You!
Literature
• Holyoak, K. J. and Morrison, R. G. (eds) (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• McCarty, W. (2005). Humanities computing. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Oldman, D., Doerr, M. and Gradmann, S. (n.d.). ZEN and the Art of Linked Data. New Strategies for a Semantic Web of Humanist Knowledge. To be published in Schreibman, S., Siemens, R. and Unsworth, J. (eds), A new Companion to Digital Humanities. Oxford: Blackwell [preprint].
• Zöllner-Weber, A. (2009). Ontologies and Logic Reasoning as Tools in Humanities? Digital Humanities Quarterly, 3(4).
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Links
• http://dm2e.eu/ • https://thepund.it/ • http://mariandoerk.de/edgemaps/ • http://timemapper.okfnlabs.org/ • http://dev.thepund.it/tutorials/evaminerva2014/ • http://www.w3.org/
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