EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT CLAIMS IN A TEXT

Lesson 7

Explicit (explicitus)- obvious and apparent; directly stated

Implicit (implicitus)- not expressed clearly; only suggested; indirectly stated

Recognizing the Explicit

andProcessing the

Implicit

Practice:All living things are made up of cells. Since humans are alive, we are also made of cells. Cells make our body tissue. Tissue makes our body organs. Organs make our body systems. Cells are the building blocks of our bodies.

Here are 2 explicit questions to answer:1. What are made of cells?2. What is the main idea of the text?

Recognizing the Explicit

Answer:All living things are made up of cells. Since humans are alive, we are also made of cells. Cells make our body tissue. Tissue makes our body organs. Organs make our body systems. Cells are the building blocks of our bodies.

Here are 2 explicit questions to answer:1. What are made of cells?2. What is the main idea of the text?

Recognizing the Explicit

Explicit Information- Explicit information is any idea that is stated.- With explicit information, you see the text explained!- Since you are looking for explicit information in what is read, the explicit information will be written in the text. There is no need to look for clues. Just read. If the information is written, it is explicit.

Recognizing the Explicit

What is the implied message with this ad?

Processing the Implicit

Even in the year 2012, some people are under the

assumption that it is a woman’s role in life to clean

and take care of the household.

Implicit Message

Processing the Implicit

This is an example of implicit advertising as it implies a rivalry between the mentioned car manufacturers (Subaru, BMW and Audi).

Implicit Message

The advertisement congratulates and shoots down the efforts of the other car manufacturers in one sentence, which could be considered as being quite patronising and again demonstrates the rivalry.

Processing the Implicit

This is another example of implicit advertising which again implies a rivalry between  two more car manufacturers, BMW and Jaguar.

Implicit Message

This advertisement uses no written communications whatsoever, just two car bonnets facing off to each other, like a head to head, showing more of the BMW making its presence more prominent implying it’s the more powerful car.

Rainbow Connection

Paul Williams and Kenneth Ascher

Rainbow Connection

Paul Williams and Kenneth Ascher

Why are there so many songs about rainbowsAnd what’s on the other side?Rainbows are visions, but only illusions,And rainbows have nothing to hide.So we’ve been told and some choose to believe itI know they’re wrong, wait and see. (CHORUS)

Who said that every wish would be heard and answeredwhen wished on the morning star?Somebody thought of thatand someone believed it,and look what it’s done so far.

What’s so amazing that keeps us stargazing?And what do we think we might see?

All of us under its spell,we know that it’s probably magic….

(CHORUS)

Have you been half asleepand have you heard voices?I’ve heard them calling my name.Is this the sweet sound that calls the young sailors?The voice might be one and the same.I’ve heard it too many times to ignore it.It’s something that I’m supposed to be.

CHORUS:

Someday we’ll find it, the rainbow connection,the lovers, the dreamers and me.

F A C T A N D

O P I N I O N

Fact-a statement about the real world reinforced by reliable evidence- can express explicit or obvious information - remains the same- a true piece of information

Opinion

-a statement expressing one's feelings or personal judgment

1. Empirical Facts- facts that can be proven by scientific observation, experience, or experiment

KINDS OF FACTS

Examples:a. The Philippines is composed of three major islands, namely Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.

b. Benigno Aquino, Jr. was gunned down at the tarmac of Manila International Airport.

2. Analytical Facts- facts that make use of various operations in mathematics to prove a statement

Example:

5 x 3 means 5 + 5 + 5 = 15

3. Evaluative Facts- facts that are supported by laws, local and international, and ideally give order

Example:

Philippines owns Spratly Island.

4. Metaphysical Facts- facts that are verified by revelatory evidence or self-evidence

Example:

All men are created equal.

- facts that are assumed to be true without external evidence

Claim

-a statement that the author wants the reader to accept

- writer's point or position regarding the chosen topic

1. Claim of FactKINDS OF CLAIMS

- inferred from a reliable source of information

- relates to the statement that can be verified, no matter how difficult

- not dependent on merely on a person's preference, but can be true or false

- claim that can be proven by steadfast information or data

Examples:a. All men are created equal. b. Cancer is not contagious.

d. The atmosphere has too much carbon dioxide.

c. The earth is warming rapidly.

2. Claim of Policy

- depends on an existing policy, rule, or law

- an argument that asserts the implementation of a certain policy

- posits that specific action should be chosen as solution to a particular problem- begins with “should,” “ought to,” or “must.”

Examples:a. The government must devote more funds to building schools than building roads.b. The death penalty must be revived.

d. A national ID system should be adopted.

c. Beauty contests should be banned.

3. Claim of Value- is based on personal taste or practices and morality

- a statement about which is better, more important, more desirable, more neede, or more useful

- argues whether something is good or bad

Examples:a. This is very good school.b. It is more advantageous for a Filipino child grow up speaking Filipino instead of English.

d. Buying and fixing a house ibetter than building a new one.

c. It is better to be feared than loved.

e. It's more fun in the Philippines.f. It is better to have loved and lost than not to have loved at all.