Reaction Types

ChemistryChemistry

Dr. MayDr. May

Single Displacement Reaction

A Compound and an element form a A Compound and an element form a compound and an elementcompound and an element

CC + A + ABB CBCB + A + A

ZnZn + 2 H + 2 HClCl ZnClZnCl22 + H + H2 2

May I Have This Dance ?

Dancer C steps in to dance with B replacing ADancer C steps in to dance with B replacing A

CC + AB + AB CB + CB + AA

Single Displacement Reactions

ZnZn + 2 H + 2 HClCl

2 2 AlAl + 6 H + 6 HClCl

MgMg + 2 H + 2 HNONO33

ZnZn + H + H22SOSO44

ZnClZnCl22 + H + H22

2 2 AlClAlCl33 ++ 3 H 3 H2 2

Mg(NOMg(NO33))22 + H + H2 2

ZnSOZnSO44 + H+ H2 2

Single Displacement Reactions

CuCu + 2 Ag + 2 AgNONO33

2 2 FeFe + 2 Cu + 2 CuSOSO44

3 3 AlAl + 2 Cu + 2 CuClCl22

MgMg + Cu + CuSOSO44

Cu(NOCu(NO33))22 + 2 Ag + 2 Ag

FeFe22(SO(SO44))33 + 2 Cu+ 2 Cu

3 3 AlClAlCl33 + 2 Cu + 2 Cu

MgSOMgSO44 + Cu + Cu

Activity Series

Li, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Cr, Fe,Ni, Sn, PbLi, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Cr, Fe,Ni, Sn, Pb

HH

Cu, Hg, Ag, Pt, AuCu, Hg, Ag, Pt, Au

Will ReactWith Acid

Will Not ReactWith Acid

Acid

Most Active

Least Active

HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2

Driving Force

A single displacement reaction is driven by the A single displacement reaction is driven by the electron affinity of the elementselectron affinity of the elements

2 AgNO2 AgNO33 + Cu + Cu Cu(NO Cu(NO33))22 + 2 Ag + 2 Ag

2 Ag2 Ag+1 +1 + 2 NO+ 2 NO331 1 + Cu+ Cu0 0 Cu Cu+2 +2 + 2 NO+ 2 NO33

1 1 + 2 Ag+ 2 Ag00

Silver wants electrons more than copperSilver wants electrons more than copper

2 Ag2 Ag+1 +1 + Cu+ Cu0 0 Cu Cu+2 +2 + 2 Ag+ 2 Ag00

Copper is Copper is oxidizedoxidized and silver is and silver is reducedreduced

Double Displacement Reaction

Two compounds form two different Two compounds form two different compoundscompounds

AABB + + CCD D AD + AD + CBCB

HHClCl + + KKOH OH KClKCl + HOH + HOH

Let’s Trade Partners

Dancer A takes D and dancer C takes BDancer A takes D and dancer C takes B

AAB + B + CCD D B + B + D D

C

A

CB + AD

Double Displacement Reactions

HHClCl + + NaNaOH OH

2 H2 HClCl + + CaCa(OH)(OH)22

2 K2 KII + + PbPb(NO(NO33))2 2

NHNH44ClCl + + KKOH OH

NaCl NaCl + HOH + HOH

CaClCaCl22 + 2 HOH + 2 HOH

PbIPbI2 2 + 2 KNO+ 2 KNO33

KClKCl + NH + NH44OHOH

Driving Double Displacement

Formation of a precipitate Formation of a precipitate (AgCl (AgCl ))

Formation of a non-ionized material Formation of a non-ionized material (H(H22O)O)

Formation of a gas Formation of a gas (CO(CO2 2 ))

Formation of a precipitate

AgNOAgNO33 + KCl + KCl AgCl AgCl + KNO + KNO33

Silver chlorideSilver chloride precipitates from solution and precipitates from solution and drives the reaction to the rightdrives the reaction to the right

Formation of a non-ionized material

HNOHNO33 + KOH + KOH HOHHOH + KNO + KNO33

WaterWater is covalently bonded and does not is covalently bonded and does not ionize, driving the reaction to the right.ionize, driving the reaction to the right.

Formation Of A Gas

2 HNO2 HNO3 3 + K+ K22COCO33 2 KNO 2 KNO3 3 + H+ H22COCO33

HOH + HOH + COCO2 2

Carbonic Acid is unstable and decomposes to Carbonic Acid is unstable and decomposes to form water and form water and carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide,, driving the driving the

reaction to the rightreaction to the right

No Reaction

If there is no driving force, If there is no driving force, Then there is no reactionThen there is no reaction

NaCl + KNONaCl + KNO3 3 No ReactionNo Reaction

NaNa+1+1 + Cl + Cl1 1 + K+ K+1+1 + NO + NO331 1 Na Na+1+1 + Cl + Cl1 1 + K+ K+1+1 + NO + NO33

1 1

Synthesis Reaction

Two or more materials combine to form a Two or more materials combine to form a new compoundnew compound

A + B A + B AB AB

2 H2 H22 + O + O22 2 H 2 H22OO

Materials Combine

Two or more materials combine to form a Two or more materials combine to form a new compoundnew compound

2 H2 H22 + O + O22 2 H 2 H22OO

Hydrogen is oxidized(Loses electrons)

Oxygen is reduced(Gains electrons)

Synthesis Reactions

Na + ClNa + Cl2 2

NN22 + 3 H + 3 H22

4 Na + O4 Na + O2 2

4 Fe + 3 O4 Fe + 3 O22

2 NaCl2 NaCl

2 NH2 NH3 3

2 Na2 Na22OO

2 Fe2 Fe22OO33

Oxidized

Reduced

New Compound

Decomposition Reactions

A compound breaks apart to form two or A compound breaks apart to form two or more new materialsmore new materials

AB AB A + B A + B

2 KClO2 KClO33 2 KCl + 3 O 2 KCl + 3 O22

Compounds Break Apart

A compound breaks apart to form two or A compound breaks apart to form two or more new materialsmore new materials

2 2 KClKClOO33 2 2 KClKCl + 3 O + 3 O22

Decomposition Reactions

HH22COCO3 3 NHNH44OH OH

HH22O O

CaCOCaCO33

HH22SOSO44

HH22O + COO + CO2 2

HH22O + NHO + NH33

HH22 + O + O2 2

CaO + COCaO + CO2 2

HH22O + SOO + SO3 3

Combustion Reactions

A hydrocarbon compound combines with A hydrocarbon compound combines with oxygen to form COoxygen to form CO2 2 plus Hplus H22OO

CCxxHHyy + O + O2 2 CO CO22 + H + H22OO

CC33HH8 8 + 5 O+ 5 O2 2 3 CO 3 CO22 + 4 H + 4 H22OO

Green House Gas

CC77HH16 16 + 11 O+ 11 O2 2 7 CO7 CO22 + 8 H + 8 H22OO

Burning gasoline gives COBurning gasoline gives CO2 2 and H and H22OO

Combustion Reactions

CHCH44 + + 2 O2 O22

2 C2 C22HH66 + + 7 O7 O22

CC33HH88 + + 5 O5 O22

2 C2 C44HH1010 + + 13 O13 O22

CC55HH1212 + + 8 O8 O22

COCO22 + 2 H + 2 H22OO

4 CO4 CO22 + 6 H + 6 H22OO

3 CO3 CO22 + 4 H + 4 H22OO

8 CO8 CO22 + 10 H + 10 H22OO

5 CO5 CO22 + 6 H + 6 H22OO

Natural Gas

Propane

Butane

Jet Fuel

Hydrocarbon Vs. Hydrogen Fuel

2 H2 H22 + O + O22 2 H2 H22OO

CC55HH1212 + 8 O + 8 O2 2 5 CO5 CO22 + 6 H + 6 H22OO

Water is the only product

Forms lots of greenhouse gas

The End

This presentation was created for the benefit This presentation was created for the benefit of our students by the Science Department of our students by the Science Department at at Howard High School of TechnologyHoward High School of Technology

Please send suggestions and comments to Please send suggestions and comments to rmay@nccvt.k12.de.usrmay@nccvt.k12.de.us