NEW FEEDSTOCK FOR BIOENERGY

RD&I AT EMBRAPA AGROENERGY

BIOENERGY WEEK

1- Introduction on the status of feedstock for Bioenergy production in Brazil

2- Research of Embrapa Agroenergy on alternative crops for biofuel production

3- Research on new fronts for the production of bioenergy

4- Research on residues as alternative for biofuels production

5- Concluding remarks

SUMMARY

Source: (Nogueira e Silva, 2005) & (Bearer-Rogers, 2001)

Biofuels – BrazilDiversifying Raw Materials

EMBRAPA AGROENERGY RD&I ON FEEDSTOCKS

JATROPHA CURCAS

JATROPHA CURCAS

• PERENIAL OIL PRODUCER PLANT WITH HIGH POTENTIAL FOR THE PRODUCTIONOF AVIATION BUIOFUELS, BIODIESEL AND OTHER PRODUCTS

Crop Potentialities

High yield of grains(> 4.500 kg/ha –9.000 Kg/ha)

High yield of oil(> 2.000 kg/ha –3.000 kg/ha)

High oil quality for BiodieselPalmitic 12,4%; Oleic 44,8%Linoleic 34%; Stearic 7,8%(C16 to C18) –(C10-C14)

Diversification of agriculture

Environment adaptation

Research Challenges

Need to broaden the genetic diversity

Lack of cultivars adapted to different areas

Lack of a production system

Uneven fruit ripening

Toxicity of the biomass residuals

Production cost

AGROCLIMATIC ZONING FOR Jatropha curcas

ESALQ (USP)

Genetic BreedingProduction System

Alternative uses forthe residues

Residuesdetoxification

RD&I ACTIONS ON Jatropha curcas

RESEARCH ACTIONS ON GENETIC BREEDING of Jatropha spp

- Improving Germoplasm bank

- Stablishment of Work Collections

- Molecular and morpho-agronomic characterization

- Prediction of parameters and genetic gain

- Selection and identification of genetic markers for breeding

- Superior genotypes selection

- Crossing (dialleles, factorials, ....)

- Stablishment of Breeding Populations

- Stablishment of a network for evaluating superior genotypes

- Production of comercial cultivars or clones

RESEARCH ACTIONS ON ALTERNATIVE USES FOR THE RESIDU ALS OF Jatropha spp

- Biofuel production (Pyrolysis; Transterification, Fermentation)

- Fertilizers (Rich in Nitrogen)

- Detoxification (Phisical, Chemical and Biological methods)

- Genetic Breeding (improved biomass production and atoxicity)

RESEARCH ACTIONS ON PRODUCTION SYSTEMSFOR Jatropha spp

Formation andconduction pruning Spacing

Growth Regulators Desease and insectcontrol

Fertilization

Harvest systems

+ 100 %

Superior genotypeselection

Fertilization

+ 300 %

Pruning

+ 40 %

Growth Regulators

+ 400 %

Disease Control

+ 50 %+ 100 %

PhenologyManagment

+ 40 %

Spacing

Other Pactices

+ ??? %

Production System

PRELIMINARY PRODUCTION SYSTEM“piecing together”

RD&I ACTIONS WITH PALM CROPS

MacaúbaBabaçu

Inajá Tucumã

RD&I ACTIONS WITH PALM PLANTS

FINEP/CNPq/MCTI

132 research activities

Oil Palm

OIL PALM(E. guineensis; E. oleifera)

Crop Potentialities

High yield of Bunchs(20 ton/ha/year)

High yield of oil(4 a 6.000 kg/ha)

High oil qualityPalmitic 44%; Oleic 39%Linoleic 11%; Stearic 4%(C16 to C18) –(C10-C14)

Diversification of agriculture

Environment adaptation

Research Challenges

Strengthening breeding program

Resistance to Bud Rot

High efficiency cloning system

Increase seed production

Reduced production cost

OIL PALM(E. guineensis; E. oleifera)

Source: DENPASA

1 ton of bunches

35 kg palm kernel cake(3,5%)

220 kg of Oil (22%)

25 kg of palm kernel Oil(2,5%)

220 kg empty bunches(Fertilization)

120 kg of fibers

50 kg of shell

1.330 kg effluent(Fertilization)

Products derived from the processing of bunches

Planted Area in Brazil

~ 200.000 ha (2012) + ~ 100.000 ha (2020)

Planted Area in Malasya

5.000.000 ha (2011/2012)

Legal Amazon production area316.760 Km2 (Tech level B)

31.676.012 ha(AC, AP, AM, PA, RO, RR, RD, MT)

CURRENT SITUATION OF GROWING OIL PALM IN BRAZIL

Legal Amazon production area316.760 Km2 (Tech level B)

31.676.012 ha(AC, AP, AM, PA, RO, RR, RD, MT)

PRODUCTION AREA IN OTHER STATES

AL BA PE

SE ES RJ

Brazilian Territorial Distribution851 million hectares

Why Brazil is not the largest world producer?

SIMPLE ANSWER

LACK OF SEEDS

Companies N. Seeds Value(US$) Area (ha)

Biopalma 8.478.400 8.643.486 43.257,14

Petrobrás 3.309.700 3.102.107 16.886,22

Palmatec 2.280.220 1.620.830 11.633,78

Agropalma 732.220 731.053 3.735,82

Mejer 648.160 243.365 3.306,94

Quantix 130.000 203.720 663,27

Palmasa 50.000 48.150 255,10

Marborges 30.000 54.000 153,06

Total 15.658.700 14.646.711 79.891,33

SEED IMPORT IN PARA STATE(2009/2011)

Fonte:MAPA

Ano 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022

Expansion (1000 hectars) 50 60 70 80 90 100

Seed demand (millions) 8,5 10,2 11,9 13,6 15,3 17

Estimated annual growth of oil palm crop in Brazil

• Embrapa works with a projection of seed production expansion from 0,8 to 1million seeds produced in 2011 to a production of 10,5 million seeds in 2018

• This means that some seeds still have to be imported

• Considering that in 2011 an amount of 8,5 milhon seeds were imported

FUTURE SCENARIO

Year

OIL PALM GENETIC BREEDING

PROGRAM

Phenomics

Transcriptome

Genomics

1. Genome size of African and American oil palmand their hybrid;

2. Genetic Diversity of AGB of Caiauê (DArTs);

3. Repetitive sequencies;

4. WGS – Caiaué

5. Citogenetics – Physical mapping;

6. DArTs (molecular markers);

7. Genetic Map of Reference;

8. Reverse Genetics - Promoters;

9. Reverse Genetics- Genes;

10. Small RNAs

11. High Precision Phenotyping;

12. WGS – Dendê (OPGP);

13. Transcriptome Caiaué & Dendê (OPGP).

ACTIONS ON GENETICS AND GENOMICS OF OIL PALM

EMBRAPA AGORENERGY ACTIONS

ACTIONS ON GENETIC BREEDING OF OIL PALM

1) Conservation and characterization of genetic resources of Elaeis spp.;

2) Design and selection of breeding populations of Elaeis guineensis and Elaeis

oleifera;

3) Adaptation of breeding of Elaies spp. in order to meet the current and futuredemands for Palm Oil;

4) Implementation of complementary strategies and innovative biometrics,biotechnology and genomics to the GBP;

5) Provision of improved genetic materials of Elaeis for commercial andnoncommercial (public policy) objectives;

6) Establishing partnerships with the private sector through an appropriatecompetitive model;

7) To develop production systems for other potential biomes (irrigation, waterstress resistance, etc).

ACTIONS ON ALTERNATIVE USES FOR CO-PRODUCTS AND RESIDUES

1- Production of synthesis gas through glycerine gaseification process;

2- Production of synthesis gas from bio-oil obtained from fast pyrolysis of oil palm residues;

3- Nano composites from the residue generated after oil extraction and other residues;

4- Process for obtaining carotenoids from residues of oil palm pressing;

6- Extraction of beta carotene from residues using mechanical and enzymatic process;

7- Selection of microorganisms able to produce lipases in a medium containing palm oil;

8- Chemical and biochemical processes for producing biofuels

RESEARCH ON THE POTENTIAL OF ALTERNATIVE CROPS

CROP POTENTIALITIES

- Potential for high yield of oil (4.000 kg/ha)

- Rusticity and adaptability to different climes

- Drough Tolerance (?)

- Evolution in dense areas (Resistance)

- Chance of sustainable harvesting

- Can be used in agroforestry systems

- Residues free of toxic compounds

RESEARCH CHALLENGES

- Lack of cultivars (Unknown genetic diversity)

- Lack of agronomic technology

- Germination problems

- Fruit production only after 4 to 5 years

- Tall plants (Dificulty of harvest)

- Harvest point x Uneven maturation

- Need for fast processing of fruits

MACAÚBA(Acrocomia aculeata; A. intumescens)

BABAÇUOrbignya spp.

CROP POTENTIALITIES

- Potential for high yield of oil (4.000 kg/ha)

- Rusticity and adaptability to different climes

- Drough Tolerance (?)

- Evolution in dense areas (Resistance)

- Chance of sustainable harvesting

- Can be used in agroforestry systems

- Residues free of toxic compounds

RESEARCH ACTIONS

1. To develop methodology for mapping babaçu populations using high resolution satelliteimaging in order to produce maps with the localization of the species;

2. To develop genetic and genomic tools for application in pre-breeding of babaçu;

3. To characterize genetically and cytogenetically species from the babaçu complex (A.

speciosa, A. eichleri e A. vitrivir);

4. To generate agronomic and biotechnology techniques for the propagation of babaçu;

5. To identify superior individuals in natural populations of the species complex of Babaçu(A. speciosa, A. eichleri, A. vitrivir), as well as germoplasm Bank of babaçu existent in

Embrapa;

6. To criate a AGB from natural populations in order to start a breeding programa for thecrop.

FEVILHAFevillea cordifolia

CROP POTENTIALITIES

- Potential for high yield of oil (4.000 kg/ha)

- Rusticity and adaptability to different climes

- Drough Tolerance (?)

- Evolution in dense areas (Resistance)

- Chance of sustainable harvesting

- Can be used in agroforestry systems

- Residues free of toxic compounds

1. Evaluation and selection of accesses of Fevillea spp. for oil content and agronomicaltraits of interest;

2. Taxonomic identification and cytogenetic characterization of Fevillea species;

3. Establishment of a system for in vitro regeneration of species of Fevillea by somaticembryogenesis;

4. Identification of molecular markers to access variability;

5. Establishment of production systems for different regions;

6. Studies to substantiate the basis for harvesting and post-harvesting of the crop;

7. To evaluate accesses of Fevillea spp. on their potential for biofuel production and todefine alternative uses for the co-products and residues.

RESEARCH ACTIONS

Short term

Soybean

Actions

Strengthening

production chain

Medium term

Oil palm

Canola

Sun flower

Castor beans

Others....

Actions

Strengthening

production chain

RD&I e TT

Long term

Macaúba

Other palms

Jatropha

Fevilha

Other....

Actions

RD&I

FEEDSTOCK AVAILABILITY

INCREASE IN THE OFFER OF SUSTANABLE BIOFUELS AND BIOMASS

Criteria:- Technological domain

- Production Scale

- Logistics

2013 2020 2030

NEW RESEARCH FRONTS

1) Microalgae

• Prospection of the Brazillian Biodiversity;

• Characterization of the potential of production of high value products for bioenergy

and fine chemistry;

• Genetics and genomics applied to transformation and genetic brreeding of potential

microalgae species;

• New uses for residues from microalgae production

2) High Resolution Phenotyping x Genomic Selection

• Establishing laboratory structure for high precision phenotyping;

• Validation of the phenotyping structure with model plants (corn, sorghum, sugarcane);

• Integration of the results of phenotyping with genetics and genomics to support

different breeding programs from Embrapa;

3) Biokerosene for commercial and military aviation

• Characterization of biomasses for production of biokerosene

• Development of processes for producing biofuel - "drop in”

4) Lyfe cycle analysis• Economic viability and sustainability of industrial processes

• Identify opportunities for environmental improvements

• Assist in strategic planning and decision making.

• Assist in the design of eco-products (ecodesign)

5) Sustainable management of multiple residues with the production of high value assets• Agricultural

• Agrindustrial

• Urban

NEW RESEARCH FRONTS

SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE

DISPOSAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITIES BY ADDING VALUE.

URBAN RESIDUES

RESEARCH FOCUSED ON TRANSFORMIG RESIDUES INTO HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS

BIO-OIL NEW BIOMATERIALS NEW POLYMERS CELLULOSE NANO FIBERS

WOOD RESIDUES ORGANIC RESIDUES

RESEARCH ON COMPOSTING

1- Development of enzyme mixtures to accelerate the composting process.

2- Development of new combinations of raw materials for composting.

3- Development of microrganisms mixtures to accelerate thecomposting process.

RESEARCH WITH FOCUS ON DEVELOPMENTOF PROCESSES FOR BIOREFINERY

FINE CHEMISTRY

BIOREFINERY

1ST GENERATIONETHANOL

2nd GENERATIONETHANOL

BIODIESEL

BIOKEROSENE

FARMACEUTICALS

ADITIVES

FERTILIZERS

CONCLUDING REMARKS

1) SOYBEAN AND SUGAR CANE ALONE WILL NOT RESPOND TO THE DEMANDS OF ALL SECTORS

2) THERE ARE MANY ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIOENERGY

3) INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ARE AVAILABLE FOR TRANSFORMING FEEDSTOCK AND RESIDUES

4) RESEARCH MUST CONTINUE TO ENSURE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDSTOCK WHEN DEMANDED

5) URBAN RESIDUES ARE AN ENORMOUS SOURCE OF ENERGY AND OTHER VALUE PRODUCTS

6) SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IS REACHED WITH DIVERSIFICATION(FOSSIL OIL, HIDROELETRIC, WIND, BIOFUELS, ETC…)

7) MORE DIVERSIFYED PRODUCTION = INCREASE IN SOCIAL INCLUSION

CONCLUDING REMARKS

1) SOYBEAN AND SUGAR CANE ALONE WILL NOT RESPOND TO THE DEMANDS OF ALL SECTORS

2) THERE ARE MANY ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIOENERGY

3) INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ARE AVAILABLE FOR TRANSFORMING FEEDSTOCK AND RESIDUES

4) RESEARCH MUST CONTINUE TO ENSURE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDSTOCK WHEN DEMANDED

5) URBAN RESIDUES ARE AN ENORMOUS SOURCE OF ENERGY AND OTHER VALUE PRODUCTS

6) SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IS REACHED WITH DIVERSIFICATION(FOSSIL OIL, HIDROELETRIC, WIND, BIOFUELS, ETC…)

7) MORE DIVERSIFYED PRODUCTION = INCREASE IN SOCIAL INCLUSION

CONCLUDING REMARKS

1) SOYBEAN AND SUGAR CANE ALONE WILL NOT RESPOND TO THE DEMANDS OF ALL SECTORS

2) THERE ARE MANY ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIOENERGY

3) INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ARE AVAILABLE FOR TRANSFORMING FEEDSTOCK AND RESIDUES

4) RESEARCH MUST CONTINUE TO ENSURE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDSTOCK WHEN DEMANDED

5) URBAN RESIDUES ARE AN ENORMOUS SOURCE OF ENERGY AND OTHER VALUE PRODUCTS

6) SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IS REACHED WITH DIVERSIFICATION(FOSSIL OIL, HIDROELETRIC, WIND, BIOFUELS, ETC…)

7) MORE DIVERSIFYED PRODUCTION = INCREASE IN SOCIAL INCLUSION

CONCLUDING REMARKS

1) SOYBEAN AND SUGAR CANE ALONE WILL NOT RESPOND TO THE DEMANDS OF ALL SECTORS

2) THERE ARE MANY ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIOENERGY

3) INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ARE AVAILABLE FOR TRANSFORMING FEEDSTOCK AND RESIDUES

4) RESEARCH MUST CONTINUE TO ENSURE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDSTOCK WHEN DEMANDED

5) URBAN RESIDUES ARE AN ENORMOUS SOURCE OF ENERGY AND OTHER VALUE PRODUCTS

6) SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IS REACHED WITH DIVERSIFICATION(FOSSIL OIL, HIDROELETRIC, WIND, BIOFUELS, ETC…)

7) MORE DIVERSIFYED PRODUCTION = INCREASE IN SOCIAL INCLUSION

CONCLUDING REMARKS

1) SOYBEAN AND SUGAR CANE ALONE WILL NOT RESPOND TO THE DEMANDS OF ALL SECTORS

2) THERE ARE MANY ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIOENERGY

3) INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ARE AVAILABLE FOR TRANSFORMING FEEDSTOCK AND RESIDUES

4) RESEARCH MUST CONTINUE TO ENSURE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDSTOCK WHEN DEMANDED

5) URBAN RESIDUES ARE AN ENORMOUS SOURCE OF ENERGY AND OTHER VALUE PRODUCTS

6) SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IS REACHED WITH DIVERSIFICATION(FOSSIL OIL, HIDROELETRIC, WIND, BIOFUELS, ETC…)

7) MORE DIVERSIFYED PRODUCTION = INCREASE IN SOCIAL INCLUSION

CONCLUDING REMARKS

1) SOYBEAN AND SUGAR CANE ALONE WILL NOT RESPOND TO THE DEMANDS OF ALL SECTORS

2) THERE ARE MANY ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIOENERGY

3) INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ARE AVAILABLE FOR TRANSFORMING FEEDSTOCK AND RESIDUES

4) RESEARCH MUST CONTINUE TO ENSURE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDSTOCK WHEN DEMANDED

5) URBAN RESIDUES ARE AN ENORMOUS SOURCE OF ENERGY AND OTHER VALUE PRODUCTS

6) SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IS REACHED WITH DIVERSIFICATION(FOSSIL OIL, HIDROELETRIC, WIND, BIOFUELS, ETC…)

7) MORE DIVERSIFYED PRODUCTION = INCREASE IN SOCIAL INCLUSION

CONCLUDING REMARKS

1) SOYBEAN AND SUGAR CANE ALONE WILL NOT RESPOND TO THE DEMANDS OF ALL SECTORS

2) THERE ARE MANY ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIOENERGY

3) INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ARE AVAILABLE FOR TRANSFORMING FEEDSTOCK AND RESIDUES

4) RESEARCH MUST CONTINUE TO ENSURE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDSTOCK WHEN DEMANDED

5) URBAN RESIDUES ARE AN ENORMOUS SOURCE OF ENERGY AND OTHER VALUE PRODUCTS

6) SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IS REACHED WITH DIVERSIFICATION(FOSSIL OIL, HIDROELETRIC, WIND, BIOFUELS, ETC…)

7) MORE DIVERSIFYED PRODUCTION => INCREASE IN SOCIAL INCLUSION

CONCLUDING REMARKS

THANK YOU ! Guy de Capdeville

chpd.cnpae@embrapa.br

(www.cnpae.embrapa.br)