RabbiZidni'ilma-"OhMyAllah!IncreaseMeInMyKnowledge".

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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An Empirical Evaluation of Technological

Organizational Infrastructure Significance for Knowledge Management Systems Success in

SMEs’ Sector of Pakistan

Presenter Dr. Iftikhar Hussain

University of Management Sciences & IT Kotli AJ&K

Co- Author Mr. Shahid Hussain Miss Amber Qurashi

WhatisKnowledge?

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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•  TheOldPyramid–  data

•  informa/on–  knowledge

»  wisdom

•  KnowledgeisinformaNonthathasbeenorganizedandanalyzedtomakeitunderstandableandapplicabletoproblemsolvingordecisionmaking(Turban,1992).

•  KnowledgeisreasoningaboutinformaNonanddatatoacNvelyenableperformance,problemsolving,decisionmaking,learningandteaching(Beckman,1999).

TypesofKnowledge

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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=Peopleknowledge

=Media-basedExplicit Wri;endown

Tacit inPeople’shead

Individuals

Paper-based

Mul2media

Digitally-Indexed

Digitally-Ac2ve

IntellectualProperty © ™ (sm) Patents

Groups

Explicit–knowledgethatiscodified,recorded,oractualizedintosomeformoutsideofthehead.e.g.Books,periodicals,journals,maps,photographs,audio-recordings,WebPages,websites,portalsTacit–Knowledgefromexperienceandinsight,notinarecordedform,butinourheads,intuiNon

WhatisKM

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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•  KMisaprocessofmanagingtheorganizaNonalknowledgeandhumancapitalwhichcandevelopaseriesofcorporateperformancecomponentsandinsertvaluebyenablinganorganizaNontoperformwisely(Wiig,1993).

•  Basically,KMis:–  Peoplewhouseand/orgenerateknowledge–  ProcessesforidenNfying,capturing,storing,retrieving,maintaining,and

usingknowledge–  Technologiesthatsupporttheabovepeopleandprocesses–  StrategiesforidenNfyingcriNcalknowledge

•  Basically,KMisNOT:–  ApurelytechnicalsoluNonorjustanotherpieceofsoAware–  Acapturingofalldata,informaNon,andknowledge–  Abuzzwordtobeusedtodescribesomethingyouwanttodo

TechnologicalOrganizaNonalInfrastructure

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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Knowledge management (KM) can be sighted as a socio-technicalsystem of explicit and tacit organizaNonal strategies and pracNces,whereas, informaNon technology (IT) could be believed as a value-enhancingtechnologicalorganizaNonalinfrastructure(TOI)(Ravietal.2007).NodoubtKMdependsmoreonindividualsorintellectualsworkinginan organizaNon as they are the core source of knowledge creaNon;howeveritisalsoimpossibletoleveragewide-rangingbenefitsofKMwithout insNtuNng a sound TOI (Grover and Davenport, 2001). InordertoensureeffecNveimplementaNonofKMintheirorganizaNonsvarious companies are introducing technologies such as intranet,internet,LotusNotes,videoconferencingandIT-baseddatabases.TOI can facilitate speedy exploraNon, access and recovery ofinformaNon,andcandevelopteamworkandeffecNvecommunicaNonamongorganizaNonalconsNtuents.

Purposeofthestudy

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

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•  ThepurposeofthisarNclewastoinvesNgateshowtechnologicalorganizaNonalinfrastructureisrelevantandessenNalforknowledgemanagementsystemssuccessandhowimprovingKMperformancethroughtechnologicalorganizaNonalinfrastructurecanbeasourceofcompeNNvenesstotheSMEsectorandhowmanagersanddirectorswithintheSMEsectorrecognizethis.

Problemstatement

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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•  Theuseofknowledgeas themajor resource forimprovingorganizaNonalperformanceaswellasachieving compeNNve advantage in businesssectorhasbeenawidelydiscussestopicsincelastfewdecades.However,inSMEsectorofPakistanthe knowledge management systems (KMS) aresNll very poor and are at their early stage ofdevelopment. This research is designed toanswer the problem what are the keycomponents of TOIs, and how it can contributetowards the growth and development of KM inSMEs’sectorofPakistan.

Research Problem AlthoughKMhasbecomeanimportantinterdisciplinaryareaofstudybothwithinthedomainofinformaNonsystemsandbeyond,therehasbeenrelaNvelyliklediscussionontheTOI,despiteitsrelevancetoKMsystemsandtheinteracNonofactors,processes,andtechnologyinallaspectsofKMfromdesigntoactualuse.TheresearchproblemistounderstandandexplainhowandwhatTOIfactorsaffectthesuccessofKMSintheSMEsandproposeamodelfordevelopingasuccessfulKMSsystemforSMEssectorofPakistan.

EconomicDevelopment

SMEsDevelopment

Innova/on&

Compe//veness

KnowledgeManagement

SystemsTOI

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ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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Research Questions ThisresearchisdesignedtoanswerthequesNonswhatarethekeycomponentsofTOIs,andhowitcancontributetowardsthegrowthanddevelopmentofKMinSMEs’sectorofPakistan.BesidewiththismainresearchquesNon,thestudywillalsodealwithfollowing

quesNons.n  HowdoweapproachKMimplementaNontoensuresuccess?n  IsthereanyrelaNonshipbetweenKMsuccessandorganizaNon’sTOIs

capabiliNesinSMEs’sector?n  WhatTOIfactorsshouldbeconsideredmostseriouslytoensuresuccess?n  WhatshouldSME’sectorofPakistandotomakeKMimplementaNon

successful?n  HowSMEs’sectorofPakistancanpromotegoodfitsbetweenTOIandKM

toensureKMsuccessinSMEs?

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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ObjecNvesoftheStudy

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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•  ProposeaTOIbasedKnowledgeManagementsuccessmodel•  PresentastrategytoensureKMsystemsuccessbyensuring

TOIstandardsinSMEs•  ExploretheTOIissuesSMEshaveandtheirimpacton

organizaNonalperformance.•  ExploreknowledgemanagementinSMEsfromtheviewpoint

oftheTOIandtheirrelaNonshipwithKMSsuccessinSMEs.

HypothesisoftheStudy

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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Hypothesis Descrip/on

H1 There is a significant posiNve relaNonship between developing advancedtechnical organizaNonal infrastructure (sharing technology with managers,supervisors and other employees to foster KM relaNonships, effecNvecataloguing and archiving procedures for documentary knowledgemanagement, developing a mechanism for knowledge sharing among theconcerns and using technology for managing knowledge) and knowledgemanagementsuccessfulimplementaNoninPakistaniSMEs.

TOI→KMS

H1a There is a significant posiNve relaNonship between sharing technology withmanagers, supervisors and other employees to foster KM relaNonships andknowledgemanagementsuccessfulimplementaNoninPakistaniSMEs.

STMSE→KMS

H1b There isa significantposiNve relaNonshipbetweeneffecNvecataloguingandarchiving procedures for documentary knowledge management andknowledgemanagementsuccessfulimplementaNoninPakistaniSMEs.

ECAP→KMS

H1c There is a significantposiNve relaNonshipbetweendeveloping amechanismfor knowledge sharing among the concerns and knowledge managementsuccessfulimplementaNoninPakistaniSMEs.

DMKS→KMS

H1d There is a significant posiNve relaNonship between using technology formanagingknowledgeandknowledgemanagementsuccessfulimplementaNoninPakistaniSMEs.

UTMK→KMS

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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Methodology

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

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•  DatacollecNonmethods{Interview,QuesNonnaire,Searchthewebandlibrary(digital&physical)study}

•  Variables:Dependant(KMsuccess)andindependent(TOI)•  Sampleofstudy:243quesNonnaireinSMEsworkinginAJ&K.•  Analysismethods(Means,StandarddeviaNons,CorrelaNoncoefficient)•  ReliabilityandValidity(Alphaandfactorialvalidityanalysis)

Results

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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Characteris/cs N PercentageAge(years) 20-3030-4040-55

1367631

55.9631.2812.76

Gender MaleFemale

21132

86.8313.17

Educa/on MastersoraboveGradua/on

16677

68.3131.69

Total 243 100

Respondents' profile

Results of Reliability Analysis

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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Factors No.ofItems Alpha

TIcapabilityfactors

Sharingtechnologywithmanagers,supervisorsandotheremployeestofosterKMrela/onships

6 0.7658

Effec/vecataloguingandarchivingproceduresfordocumentaryknowledgemanagement

5 0.8341

Developingamechanismforknowledgesharingamongtheconcerns 7

0.7435

Usingtechnologyformanagingknowledge` 4 0.8456

Mean and S.D. of factors for the degree of importance of organizational capability

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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Factors Mean StandardDevia/on

Sharingtechnologywithmanagers,supervisorsandotheremployeestofosterKMrela/onships

4.641 0.8453

Effec/vecataloguingandarchivingproceduresfordocumentaryknowledgemanagement 3.932 0.7354

Developingamechanismforknowledgesharingamongtheconcerns 4.674 0.8154

Usingtechnologyformanagingknowledge` 4.916 0.8021

Summarized Multiple Regression Analysis

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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Variable B SE β T P

Constant 8.128 1.086

Sharingtechnologywithmanagers,supervisorsandotheremployeestofosterKMrela/onships

.787 .095 .792 8.284 .000

Effec/vecataloguingandarchivingproceduresfordocumentaryknowledgemanagement

.346 .067 .543 5.164 .000

Developingamechanismforknowledgesharingamongtheconcerns .247 .054 .536 4.574 .000

Usingtechnologyformanagingknowledge .319 .045 .689 7.088 .000

N = 243

F = 51.454 df = 4 p = .000 R2 = .799 Adjusted R2 = .792

ContribuNonsofthestudy

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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•  Theore/calContribu/ons•  ThestudypresentedliteratureonKMinSMEsectorandconstructedanewKM

frameworkbasedonfindingsfromtheliterature.•  Theproposedframeworkisdesignedandbuiltonthefoundingconceptof‘KM

success’.TheaimistoassistaSMEintheadopNonandeffecNveimplementaNonofTOIforKMsuccess.

•  ThestudyintendstocontributetounderstandhowTOIisakeycontributorintheprocessofimprovedperformanceandsuccessfortheKMinSMEs.

•  Thestudyalsointendstocontributetoformulateaclearanddefinedguidance,expressedinaframeworkonhowakenNonmustbepaidforupgradingtheTOIcapabiliNesandthroughthisincreasetheperformanceoftheKMaswellasSMEs.

•  ThestudyalsoindicatesthattherearemanyprospectsforfutureresearcherstodevelopfurthertheexisNngTOIsforKM.TheseTOIscontainstechnologiestoenableSMEswithbekerknowledgedistribuNonbetweenknowledgeprocessors,theseprocessorscanbeITbasedorhuman.

Conclusions

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K

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•  Nevertheless,thehumancapitalandsomeothernon-technologicalfactorsarecriNcallyimportantbutitdoesnotimplythatweshoulddisregardorneglecttechnologicalfactorsimpactonKMsuccessinresearchandpracNce.Doingsowewillnotonlyneglectvariousundertakingsatpresent,but,moresignificantly,wouldthrustasideanindispensableelementofKM’sprospecNveforthefuture.

•  KMisanacNondisciplinethatseekstoputknowledgeinmoNonandfacilitatethetransferandreuseofknowledgebetweenindividuals,howeverwithoutensuringethicalstandardsitwouldbeineffecNve.

•  KMisgoingtobecomethenewIS•  KMwillchangetheworldwenowknow•  WeneedaTOIbasedwelldevelopedKMStobecompeNNveandsuccessfulin21st

century

27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof

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ThanksaLotforYourParNcipaNonand

PaNence!QuesNons?