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TransportationOf
ChlorineTonners/Cylinders
Presented by:
H. S. Sehgal
DGM (Process)
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OVERVIEW
As on today 70,000 chemicals have been identified for
industrial and domestic applications and there is
addition of 3000 chemicals per year.
More than 3500 chemicals have been classified andlisted in central motor vehicles rules.
Compressed gases filled in 0.5 ltr to 1000 ltr. Cylinder
falls under the classified category.
Many industrial and laboratory operations require theuse of compressed gases for a variety of different
operations.
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Conti«
Careful procedures are necessary for handling the various
compressed gases
In India road transport is the favorite mode of transportation for
compressed gases. More than 3 lacs accidents are taking place
per year resulting 88,000 fatalities and 102 million injuries. Thisresult is direct economic loss of 700 crorers and national loss
of Rs. 55000 Crores. Consequences are disastrous when
vehicles involving is carrying hazards goods.
In order to improve road safety it is important that the consignator,
consignee, the hauler, the vehicle driver and all the concerned
authorities do their best to achieve this goal. So that we can have
comparable road safety standards as in the developed countries
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Dangerous Goods
Dangerous Goods are S ubstances and Cargo, which, based on
their
- nature,
- properties, and behavior as well as
- conditions,
may cause, during the transport, a H azard in particular to
- the public safety ,
- the health of the people,
- the damages and loss of the infrastructure and equipment, also
-the negative effe
cts and
contamination to the environment
When transporting Hazardous Chemicals which are classified to
be ³Dangerous for transport´ into one of the total 9 classesbased on the UN Classification Criteria,
these Hazardous Chemicals are called ³Dangerous Goods´.
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CLASSIFICATION OF CHLORINE
It has a Class 5.1.2A oxidizing gas hazard
classification.
Acutely toxic (Class 6. 1A)Toxic to human target organs (Class 6. 9A)
Corrosive to metals (Class 8. 1A)
Corrosive to skin tissue (Class 8. 2A)Corrosive to eye tissue (Class 8. 3A)
Very eco-toxic to aquatic and soil environments
(Classes 9. 1A, 9. 2A) .
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System of Linkage
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger /danger.htm
International Regulations
for Dangerous Goods Transport System
Multi-modal Transport: UN
Recommendations on the Transport
of Dangerous Goods: a so-called
³UN Model Regulations´ or ³Orange
Book ́
Road: The Restructured ADR of
UNECE in Geneva,
Rail: The Restructured RID of OTIF
in Bern,
Inland Waterways: The
Restructured ADN of UNECE inGeneva,
Sea: IMDG Code of IMO in London,
Air: I ATA-DGR of ICAO-TI of ICAO
Montreal
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INDI AN REGULATIONS
Manufacture, Storage, Import & HazardousChemicals Rules, 1989
Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning,Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996
Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 Public Liability Insurance Rules, 1991 Factories Act 1948 Gujarat Factories Rules 1963, as amended
1995
Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and Rules 1989
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UN
Recommendations
on the Transport of
Dangerous Goods
Classification of
Dangerous Goods
List of Dangerous
Goods most
commonly carried
Packing
Packaging
Intermediate Bulkcontainers
Multi-modal TankContainers
Consignment
Procedures
Definition of classes/divisions
Test methods and criteria
Name and UN Number
Main hazard and subsidiary risk
Transport conditions
Labeling
Assignment of packing group
Packing methods
Special provisions
Multi-modal tank transport
Construction requirements
PlacardCertification and approval
Marking
Labeling
Transport documentation
Exemption quantities
Modal Requirements
Danger specific to one
mode
Restrictions
Types of packaging allowed
and quantity limitations
Specific marks
Specific LabelingSpecific items of information
Special exemption
Types of tanks allowed
UN Rec. or TP1UN Rec. or TP1 TPTP22 && 33 = TP= TP11
++
Key contents of Dangerous Goods Regulations
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Key Responsibilities
Parties involved in the chain of transport of dangerous goods:
Consignor
Packer
Loader
Carrier
Consignee
Packers
Fillers LoadersCarriers
(
Drivers
ConsigneeConsignor
)
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Prior to transport
- Consignor
- Loader
Packer/Filler
Tank-container /
portable tank operator
During transport
- Carrier
Driver
Af ter transport
- Consignee (
Take appropriate measures to reduce or minimize the risk from transport
Receive training in the requirements governing the carriage of such goods
appropriate to their responsibilities and duties (Chapter 1.3)
Saf ety obligations of the participants of the
transportation process
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Case Study of good practices
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Gate Check
Process of the checking of vehicles carryingdangerous goods
Check Order Number of Dangerous Goods
Check Transport Number of Dangerous Goods
Identified Card/Passport of Driver
Driver¶s training certificate
Driving License
ADR Certificate
Weighting of vehicles
Check before exit ± joints & couplings, alldocumentation
TREMCARD
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RiskManagement Project ProjectManagement Board (PMB) 13
TREMCARD
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Inspection of Vehicle
Orange Plate
Tires Depth (1.6
cm.)
Tank Code
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Inspection of Equipments
Pocket Lamp (Explosion Proof)
Fire Extinguisher
Goggles
Gloves
Eyes-Wash Bottle with CleanWater
Scotch or wheel-chock
2 reflective triangles
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Inspection of Driver
Alcohol
Drugs
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Inspection of Driver
Alcohol
Drugs
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Check list During Transportation
(a) Breaks CHECKED.(b) Speed LIMIT.
(c) Driver not UNDER INFLUENCE of liquor.
(d) Check for leakage with ammonia torch.
Check list During Unloading
(a) Vehicle breaks APPLIED and engine STOPPED.
(b) Under SUPERVISON of trained and experienceperson.
(c) Crain/hoist/chain pulley block USED.
(d) NO DROPPING of tonners DIRECTLY to theground.
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GLOBAL MODE OF CHLORINE
TRANSPORTATION
Rail TransportNorth America 80 Tonnes Rail CarsEurope 55 and some 22 Tonnes Rail Cars Japan 25 Tonnes Rail Cars
Road TransportNorth America 16 Tonnes TrucksSouth America 18-22 Tonnes TrucksEurope 20 Tonnes Trucks and Containers
Japan 10 Tonnes Trucks & some 5 Tonnes or less
Water TransportNorth America 1000 Tonnes Barges
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GLOBAL TRANSPORTATION SCENARIO
Worldwide other modes of Transportation are also being used like thro Barges onW
ater for more than 6000 kms distance in Columbia, Chile & for very shortdistances, Pipelines
Country Quantity of Cl2
Transported(% of Production)
Mode of
Transport
Max. Distance
Covered(Kms)
NorthAmerica
35 Rail (90%)
Road (6%)
1000
SouthAmerica
66 RoadRail (75%)
4000 (Brazil)1500 (Chile)
Japan 10 Rail (30%)
Road (70%)
600
300
Europe 6 Rail (67%)Road (33%)
1000200
India 51 Road (100%) 1200
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STATUS OF INDIAN CHLORINE
INDUSTRY
Most Chlor-Alkali Plants : Merchant & Non-Integrated
Production Plants are widely spread
Most Consumers widely spread
Maximum Cl2 transported in small Cylinders / Tonners by road (51%) with max. 1200 Kms. Avg.distance covered; Safety on road of prime
importance
Wide no. of transporters with drivers / helpers, notnecessarily dedicated
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Ascertain the condition of the road prior to loading ofmaterial. Plan the travel route before starting the journey. It is important to find out in advance whether the road
through which chlorine has to be transported is closedor has any diversions.
Shortcuts should never be preferred. Follow the speed limits. Never consume intoxicating substances during driving. Always carry the fitness certificate of the vehicle while
transporting chlorine from supplier to consumer or vice-versa.
The validity of such fitness certificate is only for twoyears so it is essential to renew the same after everytwo years.
Always keep the Vehicle License and Fitness certificate
in the vehicle transporting Chlorine.
SAFETY PRACTICES OF
TRANSPORTATION- DRIVERS
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Vehicles should be fit and road worthy for transportation ofchlorine.
Ensure that the brakes of the vehicle are working properly sothat the vehicle can be stopped any time on the route.
The drivers transporting chlorine should be trained to verifythe labels pasted/marked on the truck is as per thedangerous & hazardous nature of the goods beingtransported and is also marked with appropriate color codes.
Necessary first aid kit, safety kit, tool box should always beavailable with the driver in the truck itself.
Drivers are to be provided with written instructions regardinghazardous nature of chlorine being transported by him andalso the precaution to be taken during transportation.
It is necessary to install a spark arrestor device in thevehicle.
Emergency Panel for information-chemical/class hazardouspublic control should be pasted on 3 sides of the truck
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SAFETY PRACTICES OF TRANSPORTATION-
MANUFACTURER
Loading of the chlorine tonners should be done under the supervision of experienced and trained persons.
Filled chlorine tonners are required to be placedhorizontally in a single layer with valves of all tonners
facing in the same direction. In order to prevent the tonner from falling duringtransportation, they should be supported with woodenwedges.
The loading of all the tonners in the truck/vehicleshould always be within its loading capacity. It shouldalso be noted that no tonners or any part of it shoulddangle out of the truck.
It should be ensured that neither any other goodsshould be loaded in the truck along with chlorine nor any passenger should be transported in the truck
loaded with chlorine tonner.
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The vehicle on route if required to be parked then itshould be parked in an open the place should beshadowed, windy and open area. Vehicle should not be
parked under direct sunlight. Ascertain in advance, availability of safe & proper
parking places en route or at customers place so that incase of emergency the vehicle can be park in such safeplace.
Driver remembers the preventive measures required tobe taken during adverse weather condition.
After the chlorine tonner reaches at the customer end,always use mechanical or electrical devices forunloading the tonner. Magnet or Sling should never beused for unloading the same.
Tonners should never be thrown directly on the floor. Even through all safety measures taken and all
preparation had to be done for safe journey, yet it isalso essential to remain prepared to face anyemergency situation.
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SAFETY PRACTICES OF
TRANSPORTATION- TRANSPORTER
Transporter must be fully acquainted with nature of Cargo, its
General Properties, transportation, Safety Kits, emergency Kits, etc.
before accepting the Tonner from supplier.
It is preferable to use the Tucks open able from sides to enable easy
approach to attend any leakage. Transporter must carry Gas Mask, Emergency Kits and Fire
Extinguishers while transporting Chlorine Cylinders
Never transport Cylinder in Multi Layers on the Truck, Lay them in a
Single Layer Only. Do not load Truck with any other cargo.
All containers must have valve caps and hoods fitted on them during
transportation.
Cylinders / Tonners should not project outside the frame of the
vehicle.
No passenger must be taken on the way and allowed to travel in the
truck carrying liquid chlorine.
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The driver must keep in mind that he is carrying Hazardous
Cargo and should drive cautiously. He should avoid over
speeding, sharp turns, and overtaking.
Use wooden wedges to support the toners firmly, to ensure
that there is no free movement of tonners, if the journey is
through such a rout, the container should be securely tied to
truck with a strong rope, so as to prevent rolling.
Tonner should be layed in horizontal position with valve in aVertical Plane and small Cylinder in Vertical Position with
Valves Upside.
The Trucks should not to be parked in direct sunlight or near
the Fire, & should never be parked near residential/ crowded
locality. Never allow water to come in contact with the Tonners.
Always keep a bottle of dilute Ammonia in the cabin. In case
of smell or doubt of chlorine leakage, wet a cloth tied on
wooden baton with Ammonia solution an take it near each
end of the container, white fumes indicates Chlorine leak.
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In case of Chlorine leakage from Tonner Valve, bring the leaky valve
in upside position by rolling Tonner so that any Leaky points will
come on top, thus only gas will come out.
Never drop/throw the containers from the vehicle. Slightly roll it on
a slope. Avoid striking containers against any hard object.
No transshipment should be done unless required in emergencies
such as vehicle breakdown.
In case of leakage of the chlorine tonners during transportation,
driver should not park the vehicle in any residential area. The driver
should park the vehicle in the open area at an isolated place.
Contact the local police station, transporter or manufacturer on
phone. If the driver is trained, than he can identify the leaking
tonner & plug the leak by placing the safety kit properly.
Leaking tonner should not be transported
Avoid gathering of crowds near the leaking truck.
Avoid spraying water over the leak.
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TRANSPORT PRACTICES IN OTHER
COUNTRIES
Vehicle Inspection Check List
Support basis along the routes to be covered.
Tracking of Vehicles by Satellite
Emergency Response Plan
Partnership with Emergency Support Companies Partnership among Producers
Drivers training
Emergency Equipment (Respiratory Protection, Emergency Kit)
Emergency Datasheet
MSDS Material Safety Datasheet
Greater Supervision of Vehicles carrying Hazardous Substances
Manufacturers Companies & Transportation Companies to adopt
Responsible Care
More restrictive legislation for chemicals transportation by
highways
Monitoring, Reporting and Proper Actions for incidents prevention
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Straps & logistic rail for securing cylinders
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Load bars & logistic rail for securing cylinders
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Ground level loading & unloading cylinders
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Ton container blocking
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Front bulkhead reinfor cement for ton containers
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Incident of Chlorine Gas Leakage from Tonner during
Transportation
On 5th September 2010 at
Village Chhattar on Rajkot-Morbi Highway (Gujarat)
Incident
A truck (GJ15Z1981) carrying 19 filled Chlorine tonners was on way to oneof the consumer in Gandhidham (Gujarat), got toppled down on the side lineof main highway road in the early hrs at about 12:15 a.m. of 5th September,2010.
Due to sudden hitting impact of tonners, one side of the truck broke downand 11 tonners slipped out of the truck, on the muddy surface.
One tonner (No. 0892 tested on Oct.2009) valve got damaged and Chlorineleakage started. Approx. 59 minor affected people were taken to near byhospital and discharged after First Aid.
Potential Root Cause:
All of sudden one unknown four wheeler comes in front of truck from wrongside and driver lost his control in view of avoiding head on collision.
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Control & Rescue Operation
On receipt of information at midnight, emergency control
team from the supplier¶s factory along with marketing
person rushed to the incident site. Mean while two
rescue teams from Rajkot and Morbi fire brigade also
rushed to the site and undertook the rescue operations.
Consumer Rescue Team also reached to the incident
site for taking control of the situation.
The leaky cylinder was brought back to the supplier premises after fixing valve hood over leaky valve.
Remaining 18 cylinders were sent to the consumer site
after thorough checking and ensuring that they are fit for
transportation and use.
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Lesson Learnt from the Incident
Counseling and more vigorous refresher trainings to be
organized for chlorine truck drivers so that they should be more
vigilant during driving on main high ways.
A GPS tracking device shall be installed on trucks to determine
the precise location of a vehicle and to record the position of
the vehicle at regular intervals.
Use of strong belts with tension adjusting device shall be made
compulsory in place of conventional ropes.
Trucks shall have the large space on the sides so that in caseof any leakage in the tonners during transportation can be
attended on truck itself.
A System to verify the suitability of the trucks for transportation
of Chlorine tonners shall have to be devised and followed.
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CONCLUSION
Chlorine can be handled safely ---Through the close co- ordination of
Manufacturer, Transporter , Customers
AndThrough the sincere approach of personsassociated with the handling of chlorine.
Under these conditions chlorine can be atrue friend & real gift to mankind.