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Perspectives on the Utilization of IMT Spectrum in the UHF band in Africa
Dr. Bienvenu AGBOKPONTO SOGLO
Gov’t Affairs Director, West and Central Africa
Session 5: Key issues for the Development of Mobile Broadband in Africa
3rd ATU Digital Migration and Spectrum Policy Summit, 27-29 May 2014, Nairobi, Kenya
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ICT Facts and Figures
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Utilization of IMT Spectrum in the
UHF Band in Africa
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Conclusion and Recommendations
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Agenda
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Mobile is the largest technology platform in the world
Evolving into Internet of Everything:
cars, meters, health-devices, etc.
~8 Billion smartphones
to be shipped 2014-20182
New form factors; tablet/laptop
variants, wearables, etc.
1 Ericsson, Ericsson Mobility Report: On the Pulse of the Networked Society (2013), 2 Gartner, Mar’14
More prevalent than electricity
or running water in some regions
~6.7 Billion connections, almost
as many as people on Earth1
5 1 ITU, “The World in 2014: ICT Facts and Figures,” ; * Estimate; ² The state of Broadband: Universalizing Broadband (A report by the Broadband Commission, Sept. 2013)
Mobile broadband Penetration The number of mobile-broadband subscriptions will reach 2.3 billion globally by the end of 2014*
90% Mobile cellular penetration
in Developing Countries¹
32% Internet penetration in
Developing Countries ¹
> 80% broadband is expected
to be mobile by 2016 ²
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A number of Mobile Broadband systems and applications, based on different standards, are available and the
suitability of each depends on usage (fixed vs. nomadic/mobile), performance and geographic requirements, among
others
In countries where wired infrastructure is not well established e.g. developing countries, Mobile Broadband systems
can be more easily deployed to deliver services to population bases in dense urban environments as well as those in
more remote areas
The 2013 Annual Broadband Commission Report contains a list of special requirements/barriers faced by
developing countries and offers examples of strategies to overcome such barriers:
Consideration for Developing Countries Servicing urban, rural and remote
Barrier/obstacle Examples of strategies to overcome the barriers
Lack of infrastructure/ high costs of deployment
• National broadband plan, including roll- out of a mutualized national backbone, as well
as in-building infrastructure
• Grants to operators to build out infrastructure, • Sharing of infrastructure and works
Limitations in amount of spectrum available • Streamline spectrum licensing and re-farming practices, • Implementation of the
digital switch-over, • More effective policies for spectrum allocation/assignment
The low levels of ICT skills of some of the population • ICT training, • Connecting up educational establishments, • ICT lessons in schools and
universities, and ICT equipment furnished at low or no cost
… ...
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Utilization of IMT Spectrum in the UHF band in Africa
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Harmonization of Channelling Arrangements in the UHF Band Channelling Arrangement for the 2nd Digital Dividend 694 – 790 MHz in Region 1
791 MHz
Band 20 Uplink
821 824 832 849 862 869 894 MHz
CDMA2000 Uplink CDMA2000 Downlink
Band 20 Downlink
790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 MHz
703 MHz
Band 28 Downlink
748 MHz 758 MHz
803 MHz
Band 28 Uplink
700 MHz
690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820
Band 20 Downlink
791 MHz 821 MHz
800 MHz
900 MHz
Band 8 Uplink
800 MHz
880 MHz
Band 8 Downlink
915 925 960 MHz
Band 8 Uplink
880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 MHz
900 MHz
694 MHz
Channelling Arrangement for the 2nd Digital Dividend 694 – 790 MHz in Region 1: 5 Options ?
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APT 700 MHz band plan is gaining momentum in Asia and Latin America
African countries are considering harmonizing the 2nd Digital dividend channelling Plan with full/partial APT
700 (3GPP Band 28) Band Plan
− Operators and consumers to take advantage of the large economies of scale
− Benefit from low cost coverage, and affordable devices
Additional work needs to be done to ensure that regulatory and technical conditions are harmonized with the
3GPP Band 28 and captured in the CPM texts being developed by JTG
− Similar User Equipment OOBE requirement should be adopted for the 700 MHz in Region 1
− Last JTG meeting is in July 2014
Harmonization of Channelling Arrangements for band 694-790MHz OOBE Limit required for User Equipment Operating at the 694 Boundary
APT 700 Band Plan (3GPP Band 28): Used for LTE networks - Total Bandwidth: 45 + 45 MHz − Uplink (UE to eNode-B) : 703 MHz to 748 MHz ; Downlink (eNode-B to UE) : 758 MHz to 803 MHz
M.1036-04-Ann2
45 MHz
698 MHz
A5
710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 690 700 790 800
10 MHz
45 MHz806
MHz
3 MHz
5 MHz Duplexer1 UL Duplexer1 DL
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Coexistence issues between different IMT systems in the UHF Band CDMA850/LTE800 and CDMA850/UMTS900 (GSM) Interference Issues
791 MHz
Band 20 Uplink
821 824 832 849 862 869 894 MHz
CDMA2000 Downlink
Band 20 Downlink
790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 MHz
CDMA2000 Uplink
900 MHz
Band 8 Uplink
Interference zones
800 MHz
Co-existence studies between CDMA850 and LTE 800 is being handled at the ITU-R WP 5D
Three potential interference zones between LTE 800 and CDMA 850 MHz bands
− Interference issues near 821-824 MHz boundary between LTE 800 MHz band downlink and CDMA 850 MHz band uplink
− Interference issues near 832/844 MHz boundary between CDMA 850 MHz band uplink and LTE 800 MHz band uplink
− Interference issues near 862-869 MHz boundary between LTE 800 MHz band uplink and CDMA 850 MHz band downlink
There are existing reports on the CDMA850 and GSM/UMTS900 interference issues
− CDMA BTS Tx may affect GSM BTS/UMTS Node-B Rx
− GSM MS/ UMTS UE Tx may affect CDMA MS Rx
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Conclusion and Recommendations
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With new digital dividend bands (3GPP Band 20 & Band 28), many African countries are going to have a
combination of technologies due to the presence of CDMA in the 850 MHz band, and GSM/UMTS in the 900 MHz
band
− This provides an opportunity to optimize the existing networks, while allowing evolution/introduction to/of LTE in the UHF
Band ( 694-862MHz)
− Co-existence studies of IMT Systems in the UHF band is being handled at the ITU-R WP 5D
− African countries could consider a stakeholder consultation on the coexistence/interference issues between LTE & CDMA
operators around 800 MHz in order to provide guidelines on interference mitigation as well as look at the regulatory aspect
of this coexistence issue
Harmonization of channelling arrangements in the UHF band
− WP 5D is examining the channelling plan for the 700MHz band
− Various channelling arrangements are under consideration within WP 5D (5D/TEMP/343Rev1)
− APT 700 MHz (3GPP Band 28) Band plan adoption is gaining momentum in Asia and Latin America
− To achieve harmonization with 3GPP Band 28, additional work needs to be done to ensure that regulatory and technical
conditions are harmonized (e.g. UE OOBE limit) and captured in the CPM texts being developed by JTG
Conclusion and Recommendations
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