Post on 08-Jun-2020
PVT Systems-
Key Performance Indicators
Daniel Zenhäusern, daniel.zenhaeusern@spf.chSPF Institute for Solar Energy Technology, Rapperswil, Switzerland
ISES Webinar, 25.3.2020
2 www.iea-shc.org
What’s the purpose of key performance indicators ?
Compare the performance of a system (or a part of it)
... with its rated, expected or optimal performance
... with the performance of another system
(Values can come from measurement data or simulations)
3 www.iea-shc.org
KPIs defined in Task 60
Thermal and electrical solar yields per m2
Thermal and electrical utilisation ratios (yield/irradiation) Power-weighted operating temperature
Solar thermal fraction Solar electrical fraction
Seasonal performance factor (for heat pump systems)
Specific investment cost per m2
Levelized cost of heat and electricity (LCOH, LCOE) Saved fuel and grid electricity cost
Avoided primary energy depletion [kWh oil-eq/(a*m2)] Avoided global warming impact [kg CO2-eq/(a*m2)]
Energy
Economics
Environment
...
4 www.iea-shc.org
KPIs defined in Task 60
Thermal and electrical solar yields per m2
Thermal and electrical utilisation ratios (yield/irradiation) Power-weighted collector temperature
Solar thermal fraction Solar electrical fraction
Seasonal performance factor (for heat pump systems)
Specific investment cost per m2
Levelized cost of heat and electricity (LCOH, LCOE) Saved fuel and grid electricity cost
Avoided primary energy depletion [kWh oil-eq/(a*m2)] Avoided global warming impact [kg CO2-eq/(a*m2)]
Energy
Economics
Environment
...
5 www.iea-shc.org
KPIs defined in Task 60
Thermal and electrical solar yields per m2
Thermal and electrical utilisation ratios (yield/irradiation) Power-weighted collector temperature
Solar thermal fraction Solar electrical fraction
Seasonal performance factor (for heat pump systems)
Specific investment cost per m2
Levelized cost of heat and electricity (LCOH, LCOE) Saved fuel and grid electricity cost
Avoided primary energy depletion [kWh oil-eq/(a*m2)] Avoided global warming impact [kg CO2-eq/(a*m2)]
Energy
Economics
Environment
...
𝜗𝜗m,power =� 𝜗𝜗𝑚𝑚 ⋅ �̇�𝑄𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
∫ �̇�𝑄𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
6 www.iea-shc.org
KPIs defined in Task 60
Thermal and electrical solar yields per m2
Thermal and electrical utilisation ratios (yield/irradiation) Power-weighted collector temperature
Solar thermal fraction Solar electrical fraction
Seasonal performance factor (for heat pump systems)
Specific investment cost per m2
Levelized cost of heat and electricity (LCOH, LCOE) Saved fuel and grid electricity cost
Avoided primary energy depletion [kWh oil-eq/(a*m2)] Avoided global warming impact [kg CO2-eq/(a*m2)]
Energy
Economics
Environment
...
7 www.iea-shc.org
KPIs defined in Task 60
Thermal and electrical solar yields per m2
Thermal and electrical utilisation ratios (yield/irradiation) Power-weighted collector temperature
Solar thermal fraction Solar electrical fraction
Seasonal performance factor (for heat pump systems)
Specific investment cost per m2
Levelized cost of heat and electricity (LCOH, LCOE) Saved fuel and grid electricity cost
Avoided primary energy depletion [kWh oil-eq/(a*m2)] Avoided global warming impact [kg CO2-eq/(a*m2)]
Energy
Economics
Environment
...
8 www.iea-shc.org
Task 60 reports
Available this spring on task60.iea-shc.org
9 www.iea-shc.org
Each system with a 30 kW heat pump and 5 x 170 m boreholes
Solar heat in buildings B and C for borehole regeneration DHW and SH
Building complex «Sotchà» SwitzerlandBuilding A:PV (130 m2) + Battery (13 kWh)
Building B:PVT (130 m2)
Building C:PV (90 m2) + Thermal (40 m2)
10 www.iea-shc.org
Sotchà – Energy balance (July 2018 – June 2019)
(Building A has high DHW consumption. B has low SH consumption.)
-100000
-80000
-60000
-40000
-20000
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000Building A (PV & Battery) Building B (PVT) Building C (PV & T)
Ener
gy [k
Wh/
a]
Use
fulO
utpu
tIn
put
Space heating
PV to grid
PV to heating system
PV to housesoldsHot water
Grid electricity
Solar heat
Ground heat
11 www.iea-shc.org
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
Irradiation onroof
Building A(PV & Battery)
Building B(PVT)
Building C(PV & T)
Ener
gy [k
Wh/
a]
Irradiation on roofSolar electricitySolar heat
Sotchà – Solar yields and operating temperatures
12 www.iea-shc.org
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
Irradiation onroof
Building A(PV & Battery)
Building B(PVT)
Building C(PV & T)
Ener
gy [k
Wh/
a]
Irradiation on roofSolar electricitySolar heat
Sotchà – Solar yields and operating temperatures
13 www.iea-shc.org
Sotchà – Solar utilization ratios
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Building A(PV & Battery)
Building B(PVT)
Building C(PV & T)
thermal
electrical
YieldIrradiation on component surface area
YieldIrradiation on solar installation surface area
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Building A(PV & Battery)
Building B(PVT)
Building C(PV & T)
energeticalthermalelectrical
PVT has the highest «energetic solar utilization ratio».
16 www.iea-shc.org
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Building A(PV & Battery)
Building B(PVT)
Building C(PV & T)
SPF_HP
Sotchà – Seasonal Performance Factors
Seasonal Performance Factor of Heat Pump
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃 = Heat from HPElecticity to HP =
𝑄𝑄𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃,∗𝐸𝐸∗,𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃
Seasonal Performance Factor of System
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃+𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 =Useful Heat
Electicity to system =𝑄𝑄𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻 + 𝑄𝑄𝐷𝐷𝐻𝐻𝐷𝐷
𝐸𝐸∗,𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃+
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃+𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 =Useful Heat
Grid electricity to system =𝑄𝑄𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻 + 𝑄𝑄𝐷𝐷𝐻𝐻𝐷𝐷𝐸𝐸∗,𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 − 𝐸𝐸𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃,𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃+
17 www.iea-shc.org
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Building A(PV & Battery)
Building B(PVT)
Building C(PV & T)
SPF_HP
SPF_SHP+_Total
Sotchà – Seasonal Performance Factors
Seasonal Performance Factor of Heat Pump
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃 = Heat from HPElecticity to HP =
𝑄𝑄𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃,∗𝐸𝐸∗,𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃
Seasonal Performance Factor of System
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃+𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 =Useful Heat
Electicity to system =𝑄𝑄𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻 + 𝑄𝑄𝐷𝐷𝐻𝐻𝐷𝐷
𝐸𝐸∗,𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃+
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃+𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 =Useful Heat
Grid electricity to system =𝑄𝑄𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻 + 𝑄𝑄𝐷𝐷𝐻𝐻𝐷𝐷𝐸𝐸∗,𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 − 𝐸𝐸𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃,𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃+
18 www.iea-shc.org
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Building A(PV & Battery)
Building B(PVT)
Building C(PV & T)
SPF_HP
SPF_SHP+_Total
SPF_SHP+_Grid
Sotchà – Seasonal Performance Factors
Seasonal Performance Factor of Heat Pump
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃 = Heat from HPElecticity to HP =
𝑄𝑄𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃,∗𝐸𝐸∗,𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃
Seasonal Performance Factor of System
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃+𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 =Useful Heat
Electicity to system =𝑄𝑄𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻 + 𝑄𝑄𝐷𝐷𝐻𝐻𝐷𝐷
𝐸𝐸∗,𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃+
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃+𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 =Useful Heat
Grid electricity to system =𝑄𝑄𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻 + 𝑄𝑄𝐷𝐷𝐻𝐻𝐷𝐷𝐸𝐸∗,𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 − 𝐸𝐸𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃,𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃+
19 www.iea-shc.org
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Building A(PV & Battery)
Building B(PVT)
Building C(PV & T)
SPF_HP
SPF_SHP+_Total
SPF_SHP+_Grid
Sotchà – Seasonal Performance Factors
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃 similar for all systems, in the long-term likely to be better for B and C
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃+𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 highest for building C, because ofhighest amount of solar heat to storage
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃+𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 highest for building A, because ofhighest amount of slef-consumed PV-electricity
Final report this spring on www.spf.ch
20 www.iea-shc.org
Comparison of systems in operationSystem Nr. Country Location Application Collector Type Gross area [m2]
1 Spain Zaragoza DHW covered 29.72 Spain Zaragoza DHW, SH covered 103 Spain Ibiza DHW covered 147.64 Spain Zaragoza DHW, Pool covered 46.25 Italy Catania DHW uncovered 3.36 Switzerland Näfels Preheating of ground water source uncovered 2927 Denmark Egedal DHW, SH uncovered 80
8 Netherlands Katwoude Electricity and Heat for cheese production processes concentrator 226.2
9 Czech Republic Prerov Ground source regeneration, source for heat pump, DHW (test installation) uncovered 188
10 Italy Suello Ground source regeneration, source for heat pump covered 26.1
11 Germany Freiburg DHW (test installation) covered 4812 Denmark Kgs. Lyngby DHW uncovered 3.113 Switzerland Wettswil am Albis DHW, SH uncovered 45.9
14 Switzerland Ostermundigen Ground source regeneration, source for heat pump uncovered 622
15 Switzerland Rapperswil DHW (test installation) uncovered 9.9
16 Switzerland Obfelden Ground source regeneration, source for heat pump, DHW uncovered 423
17 Switzerland Scuol Ground source regeneration, source for heat pump uncovered 130.3
18 France Amberieu-En-Bugey DHW uncovered 6.419 France St.-Genis-Les-Ollieres DHW uncovered 9.620 France Sete DHW, Pool uncovered 30021 France Perpignan DHW, Pool uncovered 30022 Australia South Perth DHW, SH air heater 7.523 UK Swansea DHW , SH evacuated tube 2724 Germany Enge-Sande Heat and Cold (thermal HP) for office concentrator 34.2
21 www.iea-shc.org
Solar utilization ratios
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Sola
r util
izatio
n ra
tio
Solar thermal utilization ratio Solar electrical utilization ratio
Hot water Hot water &Space heating
Hot water &Pool
GS-Reg &HP-source
Other
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
All systems
22 www.iea-shc.org
Solar thermal utilization ratio – temperature dependence
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%
0 10 20 30 40 50Collector operating temperature [°C]
Solar thermal utilization ratio(only uncovered collectors)
23 www.iea-shc.org
Specific investment cost per m2
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
0 100 200 300
Spec
ific
inve
stm
ent c
osts
per
m2
[Eur
o/m
2]
Gross collector field area [m2]
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
All systems
24 www.iea-shc.org
Levelized costs of heat and electricity
Only costs of the solar energy system components (w/o backup)
Attribution of investment costs to solar heat system (2/3) and solar electricity system (1/3), unless exact number is provided
Yearly maintenance cost : 1% of investment cost (unless provided)
System lifetime set to 25 years
Real discount rate set to 3%
25 www.iea-shc.org
Levelized costs of heat and electricity
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Leve
lized
cos
t [Eu
ro/k
Wh]
LCOH LCOE
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
All systems
26 www.iea-shc.org
The End
Thank you for your attention!