Post on 24-Feb-2016
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Pulmonary Circulation Conus arteriosus
Superior end of the right ventricle Leads to the Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Trunk Divides into Left and Right Pulmonary
Arteries Blood flow:
Right Ventricle -> Pulmonary Trunk through the Pulmonary Semilunar Valve (PSL Valve)
Pulmonary valve has 3 Semilunar cusps
Systemic Circulation
Blood leaves Left Ventricle through …• Aortic Semilunar Valve (ASL
Valve) into Ascending Aorta
Ascending Aorta turns to the left into the … Aortic arch and becomes the …. Descending Aorta
Systemic Circulation Structural Differences between the Left & the
Right Ventricle:
1. Left Ventricle Round Thicker myocardium wall -> more pressure
2. Right Ventricle Pouch shaped Thinner myocardium wall -> less pressure
Coronary Sinus Cardiac veins return blood to coronary
sinus Cardiac sinus opens into Right Atrium
Writing Activity (10 points) You are a Erythrocyte (RBC) traveling through the human
body. Describe the journey! Condition in lungs for O2 pick up Heart: atria, ventricles, 4 valves Systemic pathway Pulmonary pathway Conditions of tissue for O2 dispersal & CO2 pick up
2 Bonus points: if all possible names for valves are given Example: Atrioventricular valve, Mitral valve, …
Foramen Ovale Before Birth; an opening through
the Interatrial Septum Connects the two Atria Eliminates blood being sent to the
lungs in a Fetus!!
Seals off at birth -> Fossa Ovalis
Blue Baby Foramen ovale does not deal off
after birth Requires surgery
Heart Valves
Left AV valve:Bicuspid valveMitral valve
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Right AV Valve:Tricuspid
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Tricuspid Valve Bicuspid ValveMitral Valve
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Cardiac Conduction Heart Beat
• A single contraction of the heart
The entire heart contracts in sequence1. Atria2. Ventricles
Cardiac Conduction Structures of the Conducting
System Sinoatrial (SA) nodes
In the wall of the Right Atrium
Atrioventricular (AV) node Between Atrium & Ventricle
Conducting Cells Throughout myocardium
The Cardiac Cycle Begins at the Sinoatrial ( SA)
Node with an Action Potential
The Action Potential is transmitted through the conducting System:
1. SA node2. AV node
Produces an Action Potential in the Cardiac muscle cells
• Contractile cells
5 Steps to the Cardiac Cycle:
1.Ventricular diastole 2.Atrial systole begins3.Atrial diastole4.Ventricular systole 1st phase5.Ventricular systole 2nd
phase
Diastole = RelaxationSystole = Contraction
5 Steps to the Cardiac Cycle:
1.Ventricular diastole All chambers are relaxed
Diastole = RelaxationSystole = Contraction
5 Steps to the Cardiac Cycle:
2. Atrial systole begins Atria contract & force
blood into ventricles
Diastole = RelaxationSystole = Contraction
5 Steps to the Cardiac Cycle:
3. Atrial diastole Atrium contraction ends Atrium relaxes Ventricle contractions begin
Diastole = RelaxationSystole = Contraction
5 Steps to the Cardiac Cycle:
4. Ventricular systole 1st phase
Contraction pushes AV valves close
Diastole = RelaxationSystole = Contraction
5 Steps to the Cardiac Cycle:
5. Ventricular systole 2nd phase
Increase in pressure forces SL valves to open
Blood is ejected
Diastole = RelaxationSystole = Contraction
5 Steps to the Cardiac Cycle:
1.Ventricular diastole 2.Atrial systole begins3.Atrial diastole4.Ventricular systole 1st phase5.Ventricular systole 2nd
phase
Diastole = RelaxationSystole = Contraction
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
Pacemaker of the heart Initiates heart beak Sends excitatory impulses every 0.85
seconds
Contracts: Atrium
Impulse is send to AV node
Atrioventricular (AV) Node Sends impulses to AV bundles Bundles branch into Purkinje
fibers Cause ventricle to contract
Cardiac Cycle
Cardiac Cycle - Review Is the period between the start of one heartbeat and the
beginning of the next
Includes contraction & relaxation with the Atria & Ventricle Systole
Contraction Diastole
relaxation
Phases of the Cardiac CycleAtrial systole
Ventricular systole phase 1
Atrial diastole
Ventricular systole
phase 2
Ventricular diastole
Cardio dynamics
Cardiac center is in the Medulla Oblongata
Cardio acceleration is controlled by the sympathetic neurons
Cardio inhibition is controlled by the parasympathetic neurons
Vagus Nerve (Cranial Nerve X) carries fibers to the heart