1) Why had people moved to towns and cities from 1750 onwards?

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION!

Many people moved to cities so they could work in the factories, instead of making

goods at home

2) What was the problem with the houses built for the workers in the new industrial cities?

→ Houses in veryvery poor condition→ No water supply→ No drainage and no sanitation→ Towns filthy & over crowded

3) What does “laissez-faire” mean?

“Leave alone”

“Don’t interfere”

4) What was the epidemic disease of 1831-2?

CHOLERA!

5) How was it spread?

• We know now by WATER

• They thought it was spread by MIASMAS (bad air)

6) How did people try to stop it and why? [2]

They burnt barrels of coal to purify the air

7) What did Dr. John Snow prove in 1854?

That cholera was spread by water!

8) How did he prove this?

Removed thehandle ofthe Broad Street Pump – no longerany Cholerain the area

9) Which Act of 1875 did his work lead to? What were its terms?

1875 Public Health Act

All towns now had to build sewers and provide clean water!

10) What was the name of the Act which allowed councils to knock down slums?

Artisans’ Dwelling Act

11) What was the attitude of the Liberal Government (1906-14) to poor people?

It wanted to help them – bring an end to the

“laissez-faire” approach

12) Name 3 measures they introduced.

1906: Free School Meals

1909: Old Age Pensions

1911: National Insurance

13) What was published in 1942?

Beveridge Report

14) From when did it say the government should after people?

“From the cradle to the grave”

15) What was set up in 1948?

TheNational

Health Service! (NHS)(NHS)

16) Which group of people at first opposed it and why?

Doctors!

They feared that the NHS would tell them where to work and reduce their pay