Public Disclosure Authorized - World Bank · & F G & O = ; Z c ] Z e v h j q b g, Z y e Z e ` m m e...

, , “ ”,

“ – II” .

“ - ”

: . ( , ) . . . . . .

: . (PhD) . ( , ) ADMON .

25.5 A5

1. , 1.1 . , MNS 5914 : 2008 1.2

MNS 5915 : 2008 1.3 , MNS 5916 : 2008 1.4 .

MNS 5917 : 2008 1.5 . MNS 5918 : 2008 1.6 , , .

MNS 5851 : 2008 1.7 .

MNS 5606-1:2006 1.8 . ,

MNS ISO 14001 : 2005 1.9 . , ,

ISO 14004 : 2005 1.10 ( ).

( ) MNS ISO 14015 : 2002 1.11 ( ) -

ISO 14001, ISO 14004 MNS ISO/TR 14061 : 2002 1.12 - . , , MNS 5600 : 2003 2. 2.1 . . MNS 0017-2-3-16 : 1988 2.2 .

. MNS 3113 : 19812.3

MNS 5457 : 2005 3. 3.1 . . MNS 4047 : 1988 3.2 . MNS 4586 : 1998 3.3 . . . MNS 4943 : 2000 4. 4.1 . ,

. MNS 3297 : 1991 4.2 . . MNS 3298 : 1991 4.3 . ,

MNS 5850 : 2008 4.4 . .

1- MNS ISO 11269-1 : 2002 4.5 .

2- MNS ISO 11269-2 : 2002 4.6 ,

MNS 5546 : 2005 5. , 5.1 .

MNS 4588 : 2008 5.2 ,

MNS 5927 : 2008

6. 6.1 -

MNS 5013 : 2009 6.2 -

MNS 5014 : 2009 7. . 7.1 . MNS 1796 : 1973 7.2 . .

MNS 3580 : 1983 7.3 ,

, MNS 5973 : 2009 7.4 .

MNS 5974 : 2009 7.5 . MNS 5693 : 2006 7.6 . MNS 5786 : 2007

. , , , ,

“ - ” , ,

“ – II” , .

, , , , ,

. , 32

, . , 357 120 , 213 , 24

. 33 , 14 . , ,

, , , , ,

, , , . , .

; ISO- ,

; 213 ; ,

, , - ;

, , , ,

, ; , , ,

; , , ,

, , , ;

, , , , ;

, , , ;

, , , , , ,

; , , , ,

, ; , ,

2003 05 15-

1.1. , , , , ,

2.1. ,

2.2. , .

3.1. :

3.1.1. “ ” , , / " " /-

, , , , , , ;

3.1.2. “ ” ,

3.1.3. “ ” , ,

, ; 3.1.4. “ ” , ,

3.1.5. “ ”

, , ; 3.1.6. “ ” ,

; 3.1.7. “ ” ;

1 Ìîíãîë Óëñûí ¯íäñýí õóóëü-“Òºðèéí ìýäýýëýë” ýìõòãýëèéí 1992 îíû 1 ä¿ãýýðò íèéòëýãäñýí

3.1.8. ” ” ;

3.1.9. “ ” ,

; 3.1.10. “ ” ,

; 3.1.11. “ ” , , , ,

4.1. , , , , ,

, , , .

4.2. :

4.2.1. , , ; 4.2.2. ; 4.2.3. , ;

4.2.4. , , , ;

4.2.5. ;

4.2.6. , ;

4.2.7. ;

4.2.8. , .

5 . 5.1. : 5.1.1. / “ ” / ;

5.1.2. 9.1, 9.2- , , , ,

5.1.3. .

6.1. , , , .

6.2. , , , .

6.3. 6.2- .

6.4. .

6.6. ,

. 6.7. , ,

7.1. , ,

/ “ ” /- , , , .

7.2. , :

7.2.1. , ,

7.2.2. , , ;

7.2.3. , ;

7.2.4. , ,

; 7.2.5. ;

7.2.6. , .

8.1. , .

8.2. ,

. 8.3. , , ,

8.4. ,

8.5. 8.2- , .

9.1. , , , , , ,

9.2. , ,

9.3. , , 6.5, 9.1, 9.2- ,

. 9.4. 6.3- , ,

10.1. , , ,

. 10.2. . 10.3. ,

. 10.4.

11.1. , .

11.2. , , , , , , ,

, , , - , . 11.3. , 11.2- , , , , , , ,

11.4. , , .

12 . , ,

12.1. , , ,

12.2. , , , .

12.3 :

12.3.1. , ; 12.3.2. , , ; 12.3.3. ; 12.3.4. , ; .3.5. .

12.4. , -

. 12.5.

, , . 12.6.

. 13 .

13.1. , ,

. 13.2. , , , , ,

. 13.3. . 13.4. , , .

13.5. . 13.6. :

13.6.1.

13.6.2. , , ;

13.6.3. , ,

13.6.4. , , ;

13.6.5. , ,

, , , .

13.7. , :

13.7.1. ,

13.7.2. , ;

13.7.3.

13.8. , , .

13.9. , :

13.9.1. , ;

13.9.2. ,

13.10. , .

13.11. , ,

. 13.12. ,

. 13.13. , ,

13.14. , :

13.14.1. ; 13.14.2.

13.14.3. , , , , ;

13.14.4. ; 13.14.5. , , ,

13.6- .

14.1. :

14.1.1. , , , ;

14.1.2. ,

, , ; 14.1.3. , , ,

; 14.1.4. , ;

14.1.5. ,

. 14.2. , ,

, , . 14.3. , .

15.1. , .

15.2. . 15.3. .

16.4- .

16.1. , , ,

16.2. 16.1- , ,

16.3. , 16.1- , ,

. 16.4.

, / “ ” / . 16.5. ,

16.6. ,

16.7. ,

, . 16.8. 16.7-

, , , .

16.9. , ,

16.10.

, , , , , ,

, , , .

16.11. . 16.12.

16.13. 16.1-

16.13.1. ; 16.13.2. , ,

16.13.3. ; 16.13.4. 16.13.2-

16.13.5. , , ,

16.13.6. . 16.14. 16.1-

: 16.14.1. ,

; 16.14.2. , .

16.15. 16.1- ,

, 16.14.2- .

16.16. 16.1- , , , ,

, , , .

17 . 17.1. . 17.2. , , ,

, , , .

17.3. 12.5-

17.4. ,

18.1. :

/ 2005 1 27- /

18.1.1. , , ;

18.1.2. , , ;

18.1.3. ,

; 18.1.4.

11.1- .

19 . ,

19.1. , :

19.1.1. , ;

19.1.2. , ,

, , , .

20.1. / “ ” /

20.2. :

20.2.1. , , ; 20.2.2. ,

, ; 20.2.3. , ,

, , ; 20.2.4. , .

20.3. , . 20.4. .

21 . 21.1. . 21.2.

. 22 .

22.1. ,

22.2. :

22.2.1. , , , ,

; 22.2.2. ,

22.2.3. , , , , , ;

22.2.4 ;

22.2.5. , ,

, , ; 22.2.6. , ,

22.2.7. ;

22.2.8. , , ,

; 22.2.9. , .

/ 2008 12 19- / 22.3. , ,

22.4. ,

, . / 2006 12 22- /

22.5. .

23.1. , , .

23.2. , :

23.2.1. 22.2.3, 22.2.5-

; 23.2.2. ,

; 23.2.3. , ;

23.2.4 . , .

23.3. ,

, , . / 2006 12 22- / / 2008 12 19- / 23.4. , , ,

, 3- 17.1- .

/ 2006 12 22- /

24 . , , ,

24.1. , , , :

24.1.1. , , ; 24.1.2. ; 24.1.3. , ; 24.1.4. 16.1-

24.1.5. , ;

24.1.6.

; 24.1.7. ,

, ; 24.1.8.

25 . ,

25.1. ,

25.2. :

25.2.1. , , , ;

25.2.2. 16.1-

25.2.3. , , , , , . 25.3. 25.2- ,

. 25.4. ,

, 2 10.4- . 25.5. ,

25.5.1. , , ,

25.5.2.

, , , ;

25.5.3.

/ /, ;

2 Òºðèéí õÿíàëò øàëãàëòûí òóõàé õóóëü-“Òºðèéí ìýäýýëýë” ýìõòãýëèéí 2003 îíû 2 äóãààðò íèéòëýãäñýí

25.5.4. , , , .

25.6. :

25.6.1. , , ,

25.6.2. , , ;

25.6.3. , , .

25.7. , ,

26 . , 26.1.

, , , , 22.2.2-

26.2. 13.2, 16.1, 22.2.5- ,

27 . ,

27.1. ,

27.1.1. , , ,

20000-40000, 50000-60000, , 200000-250000 ;

27.1.2. , ,

150000-200000 ;

27.1.3. 6.2, 8.5- , 16.1-

10000-20000, , 50000-100000 ;

27.1.4. , , 13.2-

100000-150000 ; 27.1.5. 13.14.1-

, 100000-150000 ;

27.1.6. 9.3- , ,

, 20000-40000,

30000-50000, , 150000-200000 . 27.2. , ,

27.3. ,

27.4. ,

27.5. ,

28.1. 2003 9 1- .

/ 2005 01 27- , 2006 12 22- , /

13.020 .

MNS 5914 : 2008

Environment. Land reclamation. Terms and definitions MNS 17.5.1.13-80 -

, 2008 11 27- 61

2009 02 01- .

( )- . : - 17.5.1.01-83, , .

; - MNS 3473:1983, . , , , ; - MNS 0017-0-0-06:1979, . ; - ASTM D 653-07, Standard terminology Relating to soil, rock and Contained Fluids; - Soil Classification - 1926 Subpart P App A - The Unified Soils Classification System; The U.S.

Department of Agriculture (USDA); - MNS ISO 14050:2003, ( )- ; - Glossary to Terms in Soil Science. 1972. Canada Department of Agriculture Publication 1459.

, , , ,

( , , ) ,

( , , ) , ,

( ) ( , ,

) , , , , , , , ,

, , , , , ,

, , , , ,

, , , , , ,

, , , ,

: “ ” , ,

. 3.20

, , , ,

1 , B2

: 1. ( )

2. 3.33

, , - ,

: , 2 .

, , , ,

( ) ..

, 4.24

, , , , , ,

1- : :

, , , , 2- : :

( ) 6.11

, , 5 ,

/ , , , , , , , /

, , , 2

, ; , / , , ,

, , , ,

, , 2-3 / , , , , /

, 5 - ,

, , / , , , , /

: , , , ,

. . 7.12

: , , ,

5- 7 .

: , , , , , .

: 13.020

MNS 5915 : 2008

Environment Classification of land destroyed due to mining activities MNS 17.5.1.18:1983-

, 2008 11 27- 61

2009 02 01- .

, . . :

- ISO 19258:2005 – ;

- O T 17.5.1.02:1985, . . ; - MNS 5914:2008 . . ,

1- , 2- , ,

3, 4- .

, , , , ,

: 13.020.99

MNS 5916 : 2008

Environment. Requirements for fertile soil removing and its temporary storage during the earth excavation

MNS 4917:2000 MNS 4920:2000-

, 2008 11 27- 61

2009 02 01- .

, , , , ,

. , ( )- . :

- MNS 5915:2008, . ;

- MNS 5917:2008, . . ;

- MNS 2305:1994, . , , , ; - MNS 3310:1991, . - .

MNS 5914:2008 , . 5 5.1 ,

. 5.3 , , , ,

, , ( ) .

5.4 , , , .

5.5 , , ,

. 5.6 , ,

. 5.7 Vsh ( 3) .

SHshVsh *

: Hsh – , - ; S - , 2- .

5.8 ( )

. YshSshHPsh **

: Ysh - , / 3

- . 6 , 6.1 , , ,

2,0-12,1 6,0-12,5 ,

4,7-38,6 6,4-8,6

1,5-20,7 5,7-9,6 ,

2,3-10,7 5,4-7,0

2,2-7,5 6,4-8,4 , ,

7,6-10,7 5,7-8,6 ,

4,4-7,9 6,7-8,6 ,

6,6-9,2 6,3-8,7 ,

2,7-4,0 6,3-9,0 ,

1,3-2,6 6,5-8,1 ,

0,5-1,5 8,3-9,1 ,

3 4,9-8,9 5,8-8,1 ,

3,0-5,0 6,2-8,8

2,4-6,1 6,3-9,6 , ,

1,9-4,2 6,3-9,6 ,

0,21-1,9 8,4-9,3 ,

0,3-1,5 8,1-9,5

0,1-0,3 8,1-10,9

6.2 , ,

5 % - , , 15 % , 10 % .

6.3 0,25 %- ,

0,5 %- . 6.4 0,1 - 8 % - 21 % ,

, , , 5 % - 10 % . 6.5 1,0 / 3 – 1,3 / 3 .

7 7.1 . 7.2 , , , , ,

, . 7.3 ,

. 7.5 ,

. 5 - . 7.6 , , ,

13.020

MNS 5917 : 2008

Environment. Reclamation of land destroyed due to mining activities. General technical requirements

MNS 17.5.1.19-92 MNS 4915:2000 MNS 4916:2000-

, 2008 11 27- 61

2009 02 01- .

( )- . : - 17.5.3.04:1983, ; - ASTM E 2278-04 Standard guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine

Reclamation: Revergetation and Mitigation and Acid Mine Drainage; - ASTM E 2243-02 Standard guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine

Reclamation: Re-contouring and Highwall Reclamation; - MNS ISO 11074-1:2001, ,

, . 1- ; - MNS ISO 11074-1:2001, , ,

. 2- ; - MNS 4915:2000, ; - MNS 5915:2008 .

; - MNS 5916:2008, , ; - MNS 5918:2008, .

MNS 5914:2008 , . 5 5.1 ,

5.3 ( ,

) , . 5.4 MNS 5915 : 2008 ,

6.1 , , ,

, . 6.2 , , ,

. 6.3 , , ,

6.4 . 1- :

. 7 7.1 1-

, ( ) 10 10 10 10 10 10

, ( ) 0,3 0,10 - 0,20* 0,20* -

0,5** 1,0***

0,3** 0,8***

-** 2,0*** - 1,0*** 0,3***

, ( ) 10,0 5,0 0,5

, , ( ) 8 18 25 -

, , ( ) - 25 25 - 20

, , ( ) - 25 25 8* - 20

, ( ) - - - 1,5 1,5

: - , ( ) - , , -

, ( ) -

- - - -

12,0 2-3 15,0

- - - -

6,5 2-3 15,0

, ( ) - -

0,7 1,5

- - - 1,0 1,0 1,0

( ) 0,3** 0,3** 0,2** - 0,2** 0,2**

*- **- ***-

7.2 , 15 18 0 –

. 7.3 ,

. 7.4 ,

“ , MNS 5916:2008” .

. 7.6 , 180-

. 7.7 ,

. 8.2 ,

. 8.4 , ,

. 10 , 10.1 ,

. 10.2 ,

10.3 , ,

25 0- . 10.4

. 10.5 ,

25 0- .

18 0- . ,

10.8 ,

13.020.99

MNS 5918 : 2008

Environment. Re-vegetation of destroyed land. General technical requirements

MNS 4918:2000 - MNS 4919:2000 -

, 2008 11 27- 61

2009 02 01- .

, . . :

- NS 5917:2008, .

- NS 5915:2008,

- MNS 5916:2008, , 3 3.1 , ,

18 - . 3.3 , ,

3.4 . 3.5 ,

, 1- . 1-

1 6- 3 10 5- 3 10

2 , 6- 2 10 5- 2 10

3 , 5- 3 10 5- 10

3.4 , I, II .

2- . 2-

, % , %

I II I II

1 70 60 90 80

2 70 50 95 90

3 60 40 90 80

4 75 65 95 90

80 65 95 90

3.5 15 0- , . 3.6 3- . 3-

1 - / - /

1 Medicado L 8-10

2 Onobrychis L 25-30

3 Melilotus Hill 15-20

4 Bromus L 18

5 Elymus L 15-20

6 Gaertu 15-18 3.7 100 200 24

6-8 , . 3.8 2,0 – 2,5 . 3.9 ,

. , , , , , 5 , 4 (1 - 500 ), 4 , 3 (1 - 833 ),

, 4 , 3 , (1 - 833 ), 3 3 (1 - 1111 ), ,

, , 2 , 1,5 – 2 (1 - 3333 – 2500 ) . 3.10 3 , 1 (1 - 3333 ),

4 , 1,5 (1666 ), , (1 - 3333 ) .

3.11 04 20- 05 15-

. 5 - 10 .

3.12 , , 20- 10 05- 10- 20-

. 3.13 1,5 - , 2-3

, , 50 - , 2-3 . , , .

3.14 , ,

. 3.15 , , ,

13.020 ,

, . NS 5851 : 2008

Symbol and uniform of special protected areas. General requirements

, 2008 05 30- 17

2008 09 15- .

1.3 , “

” , , .

o MNS-0391 : 1994, . ; o MNS 1228 : 1987, . ; o MNS4597 : 1998, . .

3.1 . : a) – b) – c) – d) – e) – f) –

. 3.1 -1, -2, -3, -4

40 - , 400 400 . (G ) 3.2 -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11, -12

40 - , 400 . (H )

3.3 -13, -14

40 - , 400 . (I )

3.4 , , ,

3.5 , ,

, 1,6 - .

“ MNS 1228:87” . (1- )

4.1.2 , “

4.1.3 , ,

4.1.4 , , 1-

. 4.1.5 2-

. 4.1.6

4.1.7 2-

4 , . 0,3 - ,

50 - , . 4.1.8 . 4.1.9 2- 20

16 - . 4.1.10 1 3-

4.1.11 , . 4.1.12 , ,

4.1.13 3 .

. 4.1.14 , ” ”-

1 2 - .

4.1.15 2

. 4.1.16 30 - . 4.1.17 “ MNS-0391:1994“

. 4.1.18 ,

E; K; L .

4.2 4.2.1 , ,

4.2.2 0,5 -

1,6 - . 4.2.3 0,5 0,5

0,5 , 1:4,5 , . , .

4.2.4 , , . 4.2.5

4.2.7 3- 4- 1 .

4.3.1 ,

. 4.3.2

. 4.4 ,

o GPS, o o , , o o o

o o o 500 - o 50 - ,

o ( ) o o , o

5.1 , , , , ,

“ ” .

. 5.3 ,

, , . ( .)

, 1 2 0,8 1,6 . 6.2 , ,

0,5 - . ( )

7.1 , ,

. 7.2 .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , - ,

, , , ,

0 1 2 3 4

(1 3- )

(4.1.12- 4-

, , , , ,

0 1 2 3 4

, , , ,

0 1 2 3 4

, , , ,

0 1 2 3 4

, , , ,

, , , , , , , ,

4 , -13

, , , ,

0 1 2 3 4

0,6 0,6

1- – -

2- –

3- – (1- , 2-

, 3- , 4- , 5- , 6- )

4- – (1- , 2-

5- –

13.020

MNS 5606-1: 2006

Environmental protection. Emission limit and for the crematoria working by diesel fuel

, 2006 05 25– 15

. 2006 06 15- . 1.

, , , .

- MNS 3383 1982, . . . , ;

- MNS 4585 : 1998, . ; -MNS 0012.062:1991, .

; - MNS 0012.066 : 1991, .

; - MNS 0012.068 : 1991, .

; - MNS 0012.086 : 1991, .

; - MNS 5010 : 2001, , .

; - MNS 3295 : 1991, .

; - MNS ... : 2003, ; 3. ,

, . 3.1

4.1 , , , , , .

4.2 . 800 - .

1- . 1- .

40 95-130 6 8 240 760 500 1) 4 12 7 11 28 132 80 1)

, , , ,

. 4.4 2),

. 4.5 , ,

, , , , ,

. 4.6 , , ,

4.7 4.6- , , , . ,

, . 5. 5.1 5.1.1. ,

5.1.2. , ,

5.1.3. , , .

5.2. , , ,

5.2.1. , ,

5.2.1.1. . :

) , , , , , ,

, 1) , 2011

2) /. :

, . . .

, , - - - , - - , , ,

. /. ,

, . ) , ,

, ; ) NO2-

. ( : –PCDD, , -

PCDF) . ) , , , ,

. : - .

5.2.1.2 ,

.. 5.2.1.3 , : ,

, , . 40 / .

5.2.1.4 . :

- ( , ); - ( ); - ( ); - ( ).

. 5.2.1.5 :

- ; - ; - , ; - ; - - . .

, . 5.2.1.6

2- . 2-

/ 1 50 / / 3

2 /NO2/ 350 / / 3

3 /CO2/ 100 / / 3

4 , 50 / / 3

5 , 30 / / 3

6 30 / / 3

7 0 8 /CO/ 300 / 3/1 9 /SO2/ 6.0 / 3/1 10 /H2S/ 3.0 / 3/1 11 /NH3/ 3.0 / 3/1

. 5.2.1.7 3

1 68* 1 60 1 50

: 68 73 dB .

62 dB – . 5.3 , 5.3.1 , , –

, , , , ,

, . MNS … : 2006 5.1.1- . 5.3.2. ,

5.3.3. , , ,

6.1 , , . ,

, , , , , , .

6.1.1 , . - , - 147 ( –

, 2,6 ), u -128 ( - , 87,4 ) .

6.1.2 , ,

. , , , .

6.1.3 , , / , .

7.1 , , “ ”

, , , .

7.2 , , ,

1. , ,

, 2002 , 31 ;

2. VEREIN DEUT SCHER INGENIEURE. Emissionsminderung, Emission Control. Crematoria. VDI 3891- AUGUST, 19926

3. - GB 13801-92 ;

4. “ ” , Ferdinand Hammer Gregor Kaiser, 63303

Dreieich , .

5. MNS 1-2 : 2000, . ,

6. MNS 1-3 : 2000, . , .

7. . , “ , ”, I , 2002 ,

8. , 2004 , 348-350 ,

9. 2005

5; 9; 10 .

13.020.10 –

, MNS ISO 14001:2005

Environmental management systems –Requirements with guidance for use

MNS ISO 14001:1998-

, 2005 12 22- 69

2006 1- 05- .

a) , , , , b) ,

c) . :

1) , 2) ,

. , , ,

. (ISO 14001:1996) .

[ISO 9000:2000, 3.9.9]

(3.16) (3.11)- (3.10)-

(3.15)-

1 , , ,

2 ISO 9000:2000, 3.7.2- .

, , , , , ,

(3.5)- (3.16) , ,

(3.16)- (3.6)-

(3.5)- 3.8

(3.11)- , (3.6)-

(3.16)-

, , (3.19), , .

(3.16)- (3.11)-

(3.16)- (3.6)-

(3.8)- (3.16)-

(3.11), (3.9), (3.12) .

(3.16)-

(3.10)- ,

(3.12), (3.9)- .

(3.16) ,

(3.16)- (3.10)-

(3.16)-

[ISO 9000:2000, 3.6.2] 3.16

, , , , , , , , ,

3.17 (3.15)-

(3.7)- ,

, , , , ( ) , , , , , ,

, , , , ,

, , , , , , , .

2 [ISO 9000:2000, 3.4.5]- .

[ISO 9000:2000, 3.7.6]- .

: a) , , ,

, b) , , c)

, d) , ,

, e) , , , f) , g) . 4.3 4.3.1

a) , ,

, , , ,

( , ).

a) , ,

. 4.3.3 , ,

, . , , ,

, , . . :

b) , , . 4.4 4.4.1 , ,

, , , . ,

, , , .

4.4.2 , , ,

, . : a) ,

d) . 4.4.3

a) , b) ,

. : a) , , , b) , c) ,

, , d)

, . 4.4.5

. 4.5.4-

, , . : ) ,

b) , , c)

, d) , e) , , f) ,

, , b) , c) ,

4.4.7 ,

, , , ,

4.5.1 ,

, . 4.5.2 4.5.2.1

. 4.5.2.2 .

4.5.2.1- .

4.5.3 ,

. : ) ,

, b) , ,

, c) ,

, d) , e)

, , , , , .

2) , ,

, , . :

- , , ,

, , - , , .

. , , , . .

, b) , , c) , d) , , e) , , f) , g) , ,

, h) .

4- . 4-

. : ) ,

b) , , ,

, c) , d) , , , e) , ,

, f) ,

, , , ,

, , - , ,

, , , .

( ) , ,

, , , , ( )

. , , , .

. , , .

) , b) , c) , d) , , e) , f) – , , g) , , h) – , , , .

- , - , - , - , , - , - , , , - , , , - , .

b) / / , c) .

- , - , - , - , , - , , - , - , , - , , - / .

.3.3 , ,

, , . .

, , , .

, , . , , , , .

, , , , ,

.4.1 , ,

. , . .

, , , , .

.4.2 , , ,

, b) , , c) ,

, , , ,

.4.3 ,

, , , .

. : ) , , , ,

b) , , c) .

- , , , - , - , - , - , - , - , - .

- , , -

, - , - ,

, , , , ,

4.4.5-

4.4.6 )

.4.7 ,

. . : ) , ,

, , , ,

b) , , , , c) , , d) , , e) , f) , , g)

, h) , i) , j)

, ( , , ),

k) , l) ( , , ,

), m) .

.5.1 ,

, , . , ,

.5.3 , ,

. : ) ,

b) , c) , d) , , , e) , , f) , g) , h) , i) , g) , k) , l) , m) , n) , o) , p) .

2 ISO 19011

( ) ISO 14001:2004 ISO 9001:2000

.1 .2 ISO 14001:2004 ISO 9001:2000 .

.1 - ISO 14001:2004 ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 ISO 9001:2000

4 4 ( )

4.1 4.1 4.2 5.1

5.3 8.5.1

( ) 4.3 5.4 ( ) 4.3.1 5.2

7.2.1 7.2.2

4.3.2 5.2

, , 4.3.3 5.4.1

5.4.2 8.5.1

4.4 7 ( )

, , 4.4.1 5.1 5.5.1 5.5.2 6.1 6.3

, , 4.4.2 6.2.1

6.2.2 ( )

, , , 4.4.3 5.5.3

4.4.4 4.2.1 ( )

4.4.5 4.2.3

4.4.6 7.1 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.3.1

7.3.2 7.3.3

.1 - ISO 14001:2004 ISO 9001:2000 ( ) ISO 14001:2004 ISO 9001:2000 7.3.4

7.3.5 7.3.6 7.3.7 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.5

4.4.7 8.3

( ) 4.5 8 ( )

, 4.5.1 7.6 8.1 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.4

4.5.2 8.2.3 8.2.4

4.5.3 8.3

8.4 8.5.2 8.5.3

4.5.4 4.2.4 4.5.5 8.2.2

4.6 5.1 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.6.3 8.5.1

.2 - ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004

ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004

( ) 4 4

4.1 4.1

4.2.1 4.4.4 4.2.2

4.2.3 4.4.5 4.2.4 4.5.4

( ) 5 5.1 4.2

, , 5.2 4.3.1

4.3.2 4.6

5.3 4.2

.2 - ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 ( ) ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004

5.4 4.3

5.4.1 4.3.3 , ,

5.4.2 4.3.3 , ,

, 5.5.1 4.4.1 , , 5.5.2 4.4.1 , ,

5.5.3 4.4.3 ,

( ) 5.6

5.6.1 4.6 5.6.2 4.6 5.6.3 4.6

( ) 6 6.1 4.4.1 , ,

( ) 6.2 6.2.1 4.4.2 , ,

, , 6.2.2 4.4.2 , , 6.3 4.4.1 , ,

( ) 7 4.4

7.1 4.4.6

7.2.1 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.4.6

7.2.2 4.3.1 4.4.6

7.2.3 4.4.3 ,

( ) 7.3

7.3.1 4.4.6

7.3.2 4.4.6

7.3.3 4.4.6

7.3.4 4.4.6

7.3.5 4.4.6

7.3.6 4.4.6

7.3.7 4.4.6

( ) 7.4 7.4.1 4.4.6 7.4.2 4.4.6

7.4.3 4.4.6

7.5.1 4.4.6

, 7.5.3 7.5.4

7.5.5 4.4.6

m 7.6 4.5.1 ,

.2 - ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004

( ) ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004

8.1 4.5.1 , (

8.2.1 8.2.2 4.5.5

, 8.2.3 4.5.1 4.5.2

8.2.4 4.5.1 4.5.2

8.3 4.4.7 4.5.3

8.4 4.5.1 , ( ) 8.5

8.5.1 4.2 4.3.3 4.6

8.5.2 4.5.3 ,

8.5.3 4.5.3 ,

[1] ISO 9000:2000, – , [2] ISO 9001:2000, – [3] ISO 14004:2004, – , ,

[4] ISO 19011:2002,

13.020.10 . ,

, MNS ISO 14004: 2005 Environmental management systems - General guidelines on principles, systems and supporting techniques MNS ISO 14004: 1998-

, 2005 12 22- 69 .

2006 1- 05- .

, , , .

ISO 14001 ISO 14001 .

. (ISO 14004:1996)- .

[MNS ISO 9000:2001, 3.9.9] 3.2

(3.16) (3.11)-

(3.10)-

[MNS ISO 14001:2005, 3.9.9] 3.3

(3.18)

[MNS ISO 9000:2000, 3.6.6- .]

(3.15)-

[MNS ISO 14001:2005, 3.3] 3.5

1 , , , , , .

2 ISO 9000:2000, 3.7.2- .

[MNS ISO 14001:2005, 3.4] 3.6

, , , , , ,

[MNS ISO 14001:2005, 3.5] 3.7

(3.6)- (3.20) , ,

(3.8) . [MNS ISO 14001:2005, 3.6] 3.8

(3.20)- (3.7)

(3.5)- , [MNS ISO 14001:2005, 3.7] 3.9

(3.20)- (3.7)- ,

(3.13)

, , (3.19), , .

[MNS ISO 14001:2005, 3.8]

(3.20)- (3.13)-

[MNS ISO 14001:2005, 3.9] 3.11

(3.20)- (3.7)

(3.8)- (3.16)- (3.11), (3.9), (3.12)

(3.20) (3.11)

[MNS ISO 14031:2000, 2.10]

(3.16)- (3.10)- , , ,

(3.12), (3.9)- .

[MNS ISO 14001:2005, 3.11] 3.14

[MNS ISO 14001:2005, 3.12] 3.15

, [MNS ISO 14001:2005, 3.13] 3.16

(3.16)-

[MNS ISO 14001:2005, 3.14] 3.17

(3.20) (3.11)

[MNS ISO 14031:1999, 2.10.1]

[ MNS ISO 9000:2000, 3.6.2] 3.19

(3.20) (3.11)

[MNS ISO 14031:1999, 2.10.2]

, , , , , , , , ,

[MNS ISO 14001:2005, 3.17] 3.21

(3.15)- .

[MNS ISO 14001:2005, 3.17] 3.22

(3.7)- , , , , , ( )

, , , , , , ,

, , , , , , , , , , ,

. [MNS ISO 14001:2005, 3.18] 3.23

2 [ISO 9000:2000, 3.4.5]- . 3.24

, (3.4)

[ISO 14001:2004, 3.20]- .

(1- )- .

1- . .

3. , ,

4. , ,

. , MNS ISO 14001- .

Òºëºâëºëò

Õýðýãæ¿¿ëýëò áîëîí ã¿éöýòãýë

Áàéãàëü îð÷íû áîäëîãî

Óäèðäëàãûí ä¿í øèíæèëãýý

Õÿíàëò øàëãàëò

Áàéíãûí ñàéæðóóëàëò

. 4.1.2 ,

- , , ,

, , , ,

- , , ,

( , ) . .

- / , /

( - ).

. , , .

- ( , ,

6. , :

, , , ,

- , , ,

- , / , /

2 – .

, , , , . ( ) , .

8. , ,

. : , , , .

, , , .

– , ,

:. - ,

, , , ,

, , . .

1. , ?

, , , ,

, . – ,

- / , , /

4.3.5 ,

1. , ,

2. , ,

4. , ?

– , .

- , Nox, SO2, CO, HC, Pb, CFCs

1. , ?

4. , , ,

6. – ,

, , , . 4.4

3 – ,

. , , , .

, , , , , , ,

. 4.4.2 4.4.2.1 – ,

, , ( , ) .

1. , ,

: - , / /-

- - , , -

- , , ,

- , - , , ,

4.4.2.2

2. , ,

4.4.2.3

1. , ,

, : - .

4.4.2.4 ,

, , . , ,

. , , ,

4.4.2.5 , ,

, , , .

, , , . “

” , .

, , , ,

. , , , . :

1. ? 2. ,

? 3. , , ? 4. , ?

– , .

4.4.3 4.4.3.1 ,

- , , ,

– , .

1. , ?

6. , ,

a) : -

- / , , ,

b) , , .

c) . - , , , ,

- , , ,

4.4.3.2

1. , , , ?

2. , ?

– , .

( ), , .

: - , , ,

4.4.3.4 ,

, , , , .

, , . , :

- , , , .

, . : - , , , , ,

4.4.3.5

. : - ,

- , , .

- / : ,

, . 4.5.1

4.5.2 ( )

, . , ,

. , , .

, , , ,

,, . , , , . ,

, , , .

: , 4.2.5 “ – ”- .

, : 1. ? 2. ,

, , ? 3. , , , ,

, ? 4. , ,

? 4.5.3

, , , , ,

, . , ,

. 4.5.4 ,

, , , , ,

, : 1. ?

5 – ,

: 1. ?

, . (1- ).

: 1. , ,

2. , ,

1 , , . ,

2 1- . 2 , , , ,

1 - , ,

(SO2) (N2O) (CO2)- (

1 - , ,

(NOx) –

( ) (NOx)

a b c d

2 - , , , , , , ,

2008 1

: ( - )

6 ) •

(6 ) •

: , ( )

• Nox -

• Nox –

% • NOx-

• Nox –

[1] ISO 14001, - , [2] ISO 9000, – ,

[3] ISO 9001, – [4] ISO 9004, --- [5] ISO/TR 10013, [6] ISO 14020, – [7] ISO 14021, - . (

- II ) [8] ISO 14024, - 1-

– [9] ISO/TR 14025, - - -III .

[10] ISO 14031, -

– [11] ISO/TR 14032, ( )-

( )- . [12] ISO 14040, ( )- “ ”- .

. [13] ISO 14041, ( )- –

, , . [14] ISO 14042, - –

[15] ISO 14043, - –

[16] ISO 14047, - - ISO

14042 [17] ISO 14048, - -

[18] ISO/TR 14049, ( )- –

, ISO 14041

[19] ISO/TR 14062, -

[20] ISO 19011, [21] ISO 14000 , 2002

13.020.10

( ) –

( ) Environmental management- Environmental assessment of sites and organizations (EASO)

MNS ISO 14015 : 2002

, 2002 01 31–

2002 03 01- .

( , )- ( ,

, , )- . - 1 .

a) ; b) (

); c) ; d)

( )- , .

: . . (3.2-

. , , .

( , , , , , ) 2.4

Òºëºâëºëò (4.2) - (4.2.2) - (4.2.3) - (4.2.4)

¯íýëãýýíèé òºëºâëºãºº (4.2.5)

Õ¿ðýõ áîëîìæ áà ìýäýýëëýýð õàíãàõ

¯íýëãýý (4.4) (2-ð çóðãèéã ¿ç)

Ýõëýõ

¯íýëýã÷(3 .3)

, , , , , ,

[ISO14001: 1996] 2.6

: , , .

, . [ISO14001: 1996] 2.9

, , , , .

( ) –

, , , , , , ,

. [ISO14001: 1996] 2.11

, , , , ,

, . 2.15

: a) ; b) ; c)

; d) - ; e) - ; f) ( , ,

. g) ; h) ,

; i) ; j) , ; k) ,

( )- :

a) , ;

b) , ; c) , ; d) , e) .

, . 3.3 ( )

, . , .

: a) ,

b) , c)

, d) , e)

, f) , g) , h) , i) , j) , k) , l) .

, . , :

- , , - , ,

- , , ,

- ( ) ,

, , , .

. 4.2 4.2.1

. 4.2.2

- , , , , ,

, - , ,

. 4.2.3

- ; - ,

- ( , , );

- , , ( , ), ,

- ( , , , , , );

- ( , );

- . 4.2.4

. , . :

( , , ( ), )

, , , , ,

- , , ( , )

4.2.5.

- , , - ,

- ( : , , ),

- , , ( ),

- , - ,

. 4.3 , 4.3.1

, ( ), .

. , . , .

“ 1”- .

- ; - ( ); - , ;

- ; - , ; - ;

- , ( );

- , ; - , , ; - , ; - ,

; - ; - ; - , ,

4.3.2 ,

. , 2 - .

. , . . , , .

. , , .

4.3.5- , .

; - ; - ; - ; - -

- ; - ,

, , ); - ; - ; - ; - - ; - ; - ;

- , , ;

- ; - ; -

( , );

- , ( )

; - ; -

, ; - ( ,

); - ; - , ; - , ; - , - ,

; - ; - ,

- ; - ; - ; - , ; - ; - ; - ; - ; - , -

; - ; - ; - ;

, . 4.3.3 ,

, , . ,

Ïðàêòèêèéí çºâëºãºº ¹ 3 ÁÁÁÎ¯-ä àâ÷ ¿çýæ áîëîõ ìýäýýëëèéí æèøýýà: ¯éë àæèëëàãàà

- õàÿãäëûí óäèðäëàãà, - ìàòåðèàë áà á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íèé ãàðäàõ àæèëëàãàà,

- áîëîâñðóóëàõ àæèë,

- õàÿãäàë óñíû óäèðäëàãà,

- àãààðò äýãäýõ áîäèñûí õÿíàëò,

- óñàíä ÷ºëººëºãäºõ áàéäàë,

- áàéðëàñàí ãàçðûí àøèãëàëò

- , ( ); - ; - ; - , ; - ; - ; - , , , ; - , , ; - ; - , ; - ; - , ; - , ; - ; - , ; - ; - , ; - , .

4.3.4 ( ) 4.3.4.1

, , , , .

4.3.4.2

, , , / .

, , , , , .

- , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - ( )- ; - ; - ; - , ;

- ; - ; - .

4.3.4.3

4.3.4.4

4.3.4.5

, , , .

. 4.4 4.4.1

( , )- .

2- –

. 4.4.2

- , , - , ,

Áàéãàëü îð÷íû àâ÷ ¿çýõ àñóóäëààð áàòàëñàí ìýäýýëýë (4.3)

Òîäîðõîéëîõ

Áàéãàëü îð÷íû òàëààðõè ¿ð ä¿í (4.4.2)

¯íýëýõ áà òîäîðõîéëîõ

Áèçíåñèéí ¿ð äàãàâàð (4.4.3)

Ø¿¿í õýëýëöýæ øèéäâýðëýõ (4.4.3)

¯íýëãýýíèé øàëãóóð (4.2.4)

. 4.4.3

, ( , , , )

- , - ( ),

- ; - ; - ( : ,

- , - , ,

- , , , , , - , , - ,

- 5- .

. :; - ; - , ; - ; - ; - ;

. , : - , - ,

. : - - , -

[1] ISO 14001, Environmental management systems – Specification with guidance for use [2] ISO 14004, Environmental management systems – General guidelines on principles, systems and supporting techniques [3] ISO 14010, Guidelines for environmental auditing – General principles [4] ISO 14011, Guidelines for environmental auditing – Audit procedures – Auditing of environmental management systems [5] ISO 14012, Guidelines for environmental auditing – Qualification criteria for environmental auditors [6] ISO 14031, Environmental management – Environmental performance evaluation – Guidelines [7] ISO 14050, Environmental management – Vocabulary

13.020.10

( )- ISO 14001, ISO 14004

MNS ISO/TR 14061:2002

Information to assist forestry organizations In the use of Environmental Management System standards ISO 14001 and ISO 14004

, 2002 2 - - .

2002 03 01- .

ISO 14001, ISO 14004 . - ,

, , ISO 14001- . ISO 14000 , ,

ISO 14001-

. , . . - .

ISO 14050- , .

, , ( )

, , , , , , , ,

: ISO 14001 .

, , , , , ,

, , . .

, , , , , ,

. 2.6 , ,

- “ , , ”- ,

2: , -

. 2.6.1

: - , ,

: - , 2.6.3

: - , 2.7

, . - 2 .

: ( ) 2.8.2

- , , , ,

, , , ,

3. ISO 14000- 3.1 110 ,

1946 . , ,

ISO 14000 , , , - ,

. . (ISO 14001, ISO 14004-

) . 3.2 ISO 14001 ISO 14004

, , , , , , , .

ISO 14001, -

, , ISO 14004, – , 2 .

ISO 14001 ISO 9001, ISO 9002, ISO 9003

. ISO 14001- - - - (1- ) - ,

. ISO 14001- . ISO 14001 3

- ISO 14000 .

ISO 14004- - .

ISO 14004- . , ISO 14001-

. 1- - ISO 14001:1998

4. 4.1

ISO 14001- , , - . , ,

- , , , , .

, 1980 , 1987 ,

Óäèðäëàãûí ä¿í øèíæèëãýý

Áàéãàëü îð÷íû áîäëîãî

Øàëãàõ, çàñâàðëàõ àæèëëàãàà

- ¯ë-òîõèðîë áà çàñâàðëàõ, ñýðãèéëýõ àæèëëàãàà -Òàéëàí -ÁÎÓÒ-íû àóäèò

-Á¿òýö, õàðèóöëàãà -Ñóðãàëò,ìýäëýã, óð ÷àäâàð -Õàðèëöàà -ÁÎÓÒ-íû áàðèìòæóóëàëò -Áàðèìò áè÷ãèéí õÿíàëò -Àæèëëàãààíû õÿíàëò

Òºëºâëºõ -ÁÎ-íû àñóóäàë -Õóóëü, áóñàä øààðäëàãà -Çîðèëãî, ý.ò ¿ç¿¿ëýëò -ÁÎÓ-ûí õºòºëáºð

Õýðýãæ¿¿ëýëò, àæèëëàãàà

“ ” . 1992 6- “ ” “Agenda 21”

(UNCED)- . . ( )

(UNCSD) “Agenda 21”- . ( ) 1995 . - , ,

. 1997

( )- . 2000 .

- ( )-

. , - . ,

, , - , , 2-

, - , , .

, , . , ,

, . , ( ) 10

“ ”- . ,

“ ”– . , ( ) - ,

. , , .

2- – - - , 5. ( )- , -

, , ( )-

- ISO 14001- , , -

. , ( ) - - , , . - ,

. , - , . - ,

, ISO 14001-

3- . D, E, G, H, I .

, . : , , .

Îéí òîãòâîðòîé õºãæëèéí óäèðäëàãà

Îéí íººö,

äýëõèéí Ñ-èéí öèêë

Îéí á¿òýýìæ àæèëëàãàà

Ñ-ûí àãóóëãà

Åðºíõéè áàãòààìæ

Õºðñ àøèãëàõ, îéí òàëáàé

Îéí ýð¿¿ë ìýíä,

àþóëã¿é áàéäàë

Íèéãýì-ýäèéí

çàñãèéí àñóóäàë

Îé õàìãààëàõ àæèëëàãàà

Áèîëîãèéí òºðºë ç¿éë

Õºðñ ýëýãäýë

Óñ çàðöóóëàëò

Àãààð áîõèðäîë

ßíç á¿ðèéí íºëºº

Àæèëëàõ õ¿÷

Ñî¸ëûí à÷ õîëáîãäîë

Íèéòèéí îðîëöîî, ìýäëýã

Ñóäàëãàà, áîëîâñðîë

¯éë÷èëãýý

Îéí ñàëáàðûí ÷óõàë àñóóäàë

. , , , , . , , .

ISO 14001 - . (ISO 14001- 1- ).

, , . , ,

. : , ,

, , , .

. , , ,

. , , , ,

, . , . , .

, . , , ,

) , ) ,

3- – ISO 14001- , -

ISO 14001-ûí øààðäëàãà

Áîäëîãî

Çîðèëãî

Ýêîëîãèéí òºëºâëºãººò

¿ç¿¿ëýëò

Õºòºëáºð

Õýðýãæ¿¿ëýëò, àæèëëàãàà

Õÿíàëò, àðãà õýìæýý àâàëò

Çàñâàðëàõ àæèëëàãàà

Àóäèò, ä¿í øèíæèëãýý

ÎÒÕÓ-ûí çàð÷èì, øàëãóóð, îëîí íèéòèéí áîäëîãî, õóóëü òîãòîîìæèéã àãóóëñàí ÎÀÀ-í ã¿éöýòãýëèéí àðãà õýìæýý

Îðîí íóòãèéí õýðýãæ¿¿ëýëò

Îëîí íèéòèéí îðîëöîõ ¿éë ÿâö

ÎÒÕÓ-ûí çààã÷, õàìààðàãäàõ ÎÒÕÓ-ûí øààðäëàãà

Õºðñºí äýõ ÎÒÕÓ-ûí ã¿éöýòãýë

Áîäëîãî, çîðèëãî, ýêîëîãèéí òºëºâëºãººò ¿ç¿¿ëýëòòýé õîëáîîòîé ã¿éöýòãýëèéí ºãºãäëèéí ä¿í øèíæèëãýý

Àðãà õýìæýý àâàõ ã¿éöýòãýë

Àðãà õýìæýýíèé ã¿éöýòãýëèéí øààðäëàãà

Ñîíèðõîã÷ òàëóóäûí ä¿í øèíæèëãýý

��-��

ISO 14001 -

, . - ISO 14001:1996 1-

. 5.3 ISO 14001

(ISO 14001:1996, 4.2)

1992 (UNCED)– . ,

, , - , , . , ,

ISO 14001 - , ,

ÒÀÉËÁÀÐ 3-ð çóðàãò îéí àæ àõóéí áàéãóóëëàãàä à÷ õîëáîãäîëòîé øàëãóóð, çààã÷, ÎÒÕÓ-ûí çàð÷èì á¿õèé îéí óäèðäëàãûí áîäëîãûí ìàòåðèàëûí õàìðàõ õ¿ðýý, ISO 14001-ûí óäèðäëàãûí òîãòîëöîîíû ÷èã õàíäëàãûí õîîðîíäûí áîëîìæèò õîëáîîã ¿ç¿¿ëñýí. Áàðóóí òàëûí õýñýãò ISO 14001-ûí ¿íäñýí á¿ðýëäýõ¿¿í õýñãèéã ¿ç¿¿ëñýí. Ç¿¿í òàëûí õýñýãò ÎÒÕÓ-ûí îéëãîëòîä õàìààðàõ çàðèì ÷óõàë á¿ðýëäýõ¿¿í õýñãèéã ¿ç¿¿ëñýí. Ñóìíóóä íü òýäãýýð ÎÒÕÓ-ûí á¿ðýëäýõ¿¿í õýñýã, ÁÎÓÒ-íû ISO 14001-ûí á¿ðýëäýõ¿¿í õýñýã áîëîí õàìààðàõ øààðäëàãûí õîîðîíäûí áîëîìæèò õîëáîîã ¿ç¿¿ëñýí. 5-ð á¿ëýãò 2 õýñãèéí õîîðîíäûí áîëîìæèò õîëáîîã òàéëáàðëàñàí.

5.4 5.4.1

- : , , , ,

(ISO 14001:1996, 4.3) 5.4.2 ISO 14001 , ,

, . , . - , . (ISO

14001:1996, 4.3.1)

: ) – , , ) – , ) – , ,

D) – ,

. 5.4.3 ISO 14001 . (ISO 14001:1996, 4.3.2)

, , , .

: a) , , b) , , c) , d) e) f) g) 5.4.4 ISO 14001 ,

, . (4- .) , ,

, , , , , . (ISO

14001:1996, 4.3.3)

4- - ,

ISO 14001 ,

, . , .

: , , , , , , ,

, , 5.4.5 ISO 14001 ,

. (ISO 14001:1996, 4.3.4) 5.5 ISO 14001 , , ,

, , . (ISO 14001:1996, 4.4) 5.6 ISO 14001 , , , ,

Àñóóäàë, íºëººëëèéí øèíæèëãýý 1 æèë > ò¿âøèí 60 2 æèë > ò¿âøèí 50

Òîãòîîìæèéí øààðäëàãàä íèéöýõ ã¿éöýòãýëä “gaps”-ûã áóóðóóëàõ ã¿éöýòãýëèéí çààã÷

Ñîíèðõîã÷ òàëóóäûí ¿çýë áîäîë Õàìààðàãäàõ ÷óõàë àñóóäàë

Õîðîîíû ä¿í øèíæèëãýý

Õàìòðàí ýçýìøèã÷èéí ¿çýë áîäîë

Çîðèëãî, ýêîëîãèéí

òºëºâëºãººò ¿ç¿¿ëýëò

5.6.1 ISO 14001 , ,

, . (ISO 14001:1996, 4.5.1). - , .

a) , b) , , c) ( : , , , ,

) d) 50 e) f) ,

, , . ,

, , , . ISO 14031

( )- , , -

. ISO 14031- ISO 14001- . ISO 14031 3 - : ,

. ISO 14001 3-

. a) : - (

) - - b) : - - . - c) -

5.6.2 ISO 14001 - ,

. (ISO 14001:1996, 4.5.4) , ,

ISO 14010, ISO 14011 ISO 14012 - , , ,

. , ISO 14001 .

5.7 ISO 14001 - ,

. (ISO 14001:1996, 4.6) , , ,

, . 6. ,

10 . , , ,

. - , . - , , ,

. “ ” (ISO 14001:1996, 3.12) - , . , - ISO 14001-

. - , . - .

ISO 14001-

. , , : , , , . , ISO

14001:1996, 3.12, - , .

G,H, I .

7. - , ,

ISO 14001- , , - .

. ISO 14001- .

, : , - , .

- 3 . ISO 14001- 3

, - - - - . 3 .

- - 3 . ISO 14001-

, , . ISO 14001- - , - .

ISO 14001- , , . ISO 14001-

. ( , , , ).

, , . 8. ISO 9000, ISO 14000 ISO brochure ISO 14001 -

, . (A.5 ).

, , , . ISO 14001 -

, - . ISO 14031-

ISO 14000

.1 ISO 14001:1996, –

, , . ,

. 2 ISO 14011:1996, – -

.3 ISO 14012:1996, –

- , , , - ,

. ISO 14011- .

.4 ISO/DIS 14031- ( )

- , , ,

- - . - - - , -

, - , . , ,

- , . . - . , -

.5 ISO 9000, ISO 14000- ISO 14000- , ,

. - ISO 9000, ISO 14000- 1997 ISO 14000-

, , , , ISO 14001- , -

: ISO 14001- - , ISO 14000- , ISO 14001-

- . ISO 14001 “ ”, “ ” -

. - , “ - ” “ - ” .

1, rue de Varembe 56

CH-1211 20

13.020.50

MNS 5600 : 2003 National eco-label From, sizes and technical requirements

, 2003 03 27- 06 .

2003 05 01- .

, - / - /-

, , . 3.

, . , ,

- MNS ISO 14020:1998, - – ; - MNS ISO 14021:1999, - –

( - II ); - MNS ISO 14024:1999, - – - –

; - MNS ISO/TR 14025:2001, - –

( - III ). ; - MNS ISO 14040:1997, – “ ”- – ; 3. 3.1 -

, MNS ISO 14024 .

3.2 - , .

3.3 , , , , ( ) ,

, ( - )- - / - /-- , - (3.2-

3.4 - ( - ) , , , , , ,

, - . ,

, , , , , , , ,

3.5 - , , , ,

. 3.6 - , , ,

, , . 3.7 , - -

, . 3.8 -

. 3.9 , , ,

- “ ” . 3.10 - , -

, , , -

. 3.11 - – , ,

4. , 4.1 - , ,

. 4.2 - ,

. - , , , , ,

: 1. - “ ”- ( ,

) , , , , . “ ”

/envirement/, “ ” /earth/ ,

, , , “ - ” “ , ”- . 2. , , , - ,

3.”Eco” – , “MN” – . 4. “ ” , “ ”

“ ”- . “ ” , / / .

.502.3:006.354 0017

MNS 17.2.3.16 - 88MNS 17.2.3.01 - 80-

17.2.3.08-86

1988 248 1989 01-

. - 1925-79 ,

1. 1.1. , , (

, 1-2-

1.4. ( )

( ) - .

2.1. ,

2.3. ,

2.5. , ,

, , , ,

2.6. :

25-100 2-3 ,

100 50

2.7. ,

0,5-5 2

3. , 3.1. , , ,

3.2. ,

( 1,7,13,19 ) .

7,13,19 .

3.4. 7,13

-450 -

3.7. : , ,

, , ( ,

3.8. ,

3.9. : , SO2,

3.10 ( )

3.11. ,

3.13. ( )

3.14. ,

4. 4.1.

20-30 .

20-30 ,

4.3. 1,5-3,5 -

4.4. , , ,

5. 5.1. , ,

(20-30 ) .

613:525.7.011.4 58

MNS 3113 - 81

3598-80

- , 1981 124-

1982 1- 1- 1987 1- 1- .

3. ( )

25%- .

0,8- 10 .

: 2, 2

, II ,

95%- .

, ( , ,

, , , ,

, , ).

, , , ;

- , , ;

13.040.01

(CO, SO2, NOx, )

MNS 5457 : 2005 Maximum acceptable level and measuring method of toxic elements (CO, SO2, NOx, ash) in the exhaust gases contents of heating boilers and home stoves

, 2005 05- 26- 12

2005 06 09- .

1 ( / 3), 1 ( / . . ) 1 ( / ) , , SO2, NOx ,

, , 3.15 - , 2

/ - . 2.

MNS 4585: 1998 .

50831: 1995

GB 13271 : 2001

GB 5468:1991

GB/T16157:1996

3. , 3.1. , . 3.1.1.

101325 a, 273 3.1.2. ,

3.1.3. 3.15 , 2 / , ,

3.1.4.

: / , / - ,

. 3.1.5.

, / 3- .

3.1.6.

, 1 3/ 3= 1 ppm- .

: 1 ppm – , -1

4. 4.1. ( ),

(NOx), (SO2), ,

. 4.2. ( ),

(NOx), (SO2), 1, 2- .

(NOx) (SO2)

1 Q 0.8 6.75 0.23 450 0.3 12.0 0.4 800 0.4

2 0.8 Q 3.15 6.0 0.2 400 0.25 9.0 0.3 600 0.5

, / . .

1 - - 4000 - - - 2500 -

2 Q 0.8 37.5 1.28 2500 1.8 6.0 0.15 400 0.34

3 0.8 Q 3.15 30 1.02 2000 1.5 4.5 0.2 300 0.23

5. 5.1. 5.1.1. 200 -

3 - . 5.1.2. , ,

5.1.3.

. 2 1 ; . , ; . .

5.1.4.

70%- . 5.1.5.

6- . 5.1.6. , ,

. 5.2. 5.2.1. .

( , , ) .

. 5- , ,

. 5.3.

“ppm” / 3- . 5.3.1.

=1.8- .

80% . 5.3.1.1. ppm-

Cv = Cv [(V + ( -1) V )/( V

+ (1.8-1) V )] 5.3.1.2. / 3- C = C [(273+t)/273] (B/p) (V

+ ( -1) V )/( V + (1.8-1) V )]

, ppm; Ci-

, / 3; V - , 3/ ; - ; V - 1 , 3/ ; t- , 0 ; =101325 – , ; - , . – ; 5.4. . 5.4.1. 1 , / . / . .

mi=Ci V 10-3

mi=Ci V (Q . /Qir) 10-3

, / 3; V =V

+ ( -1) V - 1 , 3/ ; Q . - 1 ( ), / ; Qi

r- 1 ( ), / . 5.4.2. 1 , /

i= (Ci V 10-3)/ Qi

5.4.3. , / i=Ci i V 10-3

: i- , / . 6. , 6.1.

, . 6.2. , 3-

. 6.2.1.

2, 2, , NO, NO2, NOx, SO2 , .

7. 7.1. . 7.2. , ‘MNS 0012-013:1991

. ” . 7.3. . :

- , ; - , ; - , , ; - , .

0... 20 % 0.1%

0... 21 %

0... 3000 / 3

12 / 3

0... 5000 / 3

15 / 3

0... 2000 / 3 10 / 3

0... 5000 / 3

15 / 3

0... 5000 / 3 15 / 3

0... 3000 / 3

12 / 3

0... 800 0

0...10 0.1

8. 8.1. , , , , ,

, . 8.2.

13.060.01

MNS 4047-88

17.1.307-82

- 1988 248

1989 01- 01- .

. / , , / , ,

MNS 17.1.1.14- 80 –

. /1 /.

1. , 1.1 , , I, II, III .

1.2 -1.4- ,

1.2 1 , ,

- 100000- ,

- , , ,

1.3 II ;

- 25000-100000 ,

- , - ,

- , , ,

1.4 III ;

- 25000 – ,

- , , .

1.5 , ,

1.6. . ,

1.7 , ,

/80% - /

/ , / /

1.10 3-

/ 0.5 – / / .

/ , 3-5 /,

. 0.5 - ,

: - 5 1 , 0.3 ,

- 5-10 2 0.5 .

- 10 - 3 .

- 50 - 10 , 20 , 50 ,100

2. , 2.1 , ,

. /2, 3 /.

2.4. 1 , ,

2.5 2- .

2.6 , ,

, , , ,

- : , , , , , , / ;

, , , /

- / /, 3/ ;

- / /, ;

- , 0 ;

- , / O2 /, / ;

- / /, 3/ ;

- / /, ;

- / pH /;

- , / ;

Y YY Y

- / /, 3/ ;

- / U /, / ;

- / /, ;

- , 0 ; , ; , ; , ;

- : / 2 /, / ; / 2 /, / ;

- , / ;

- / pH /;

- : , , , , , , , ,

- / / / ;

- , / ;

- 2-3 , / ;

- / /, 3/

- / H /, ;

- / U /, / ;

- , / pH / ;

- , / ;

- , / 2 /, / ;

- , / ;

- , 103 / 3 / / /

- , / 3 / / /

- , 103 / 3 / / /,

- , 103 / 3 / /

- / , ,

- , / 3

- / , , /

- , / 2

- / , , /

- , 106 / 3 / / /

- , 103 / / 3 / / / /

- , 2 / 3 / 2/ /

- , 2 / 2 / 2 / /

- , / 3 / / /

- 100 2 ;

- / , , , /,

- , 103 / 3 / / /

- / , , /

- , / 3

- / , , /

- / , ,

- , / 2

3. , , ,

Y YY , ,

, 106 / 3

1 2 3 4 5

1 1.00- 1-20 10 0.5- 0.5

2 1.00-1.50 21-35 7-9 0.5-1.0 0.5

1.51-2.50 36-50 5-6 1.1-3.0 5.1

4 2.51-3.50 51-65 4 3.1-5.0 10

5 3.51-4.00 66-85 2-3 5.1-10.0 50

6 4.00- 86-100

0-1 10.0- 10

Water Quality. General requirements.

MNS 4586 : 1998

, 1998 05- 28-

1998 06- 1 – .

1 6.5-8.5 2 2* / 6 &4- 3 5 / 3 4 -

- n / 10

5 NH4 – N N/ 0.5 6 NO2-N N/ 0.02 7 NO3 – N N/ 9.0 8 PO4- P / 0.1 9 CI / 300 10 F / 1.5 11 SO4 / 100 12 n / 0.1 13 Ni / 0.01 14 Cu / 0.01 15 Mo / 0.25

16 Cd / 0.005 17 / 0.01 18 Pb / 0.01 19 As / 0.01 20 Cr / 0.05 21 Cr6+ / 0.01 22 Zn / 0.01 23 Hg / 0.1 24 / 0.05 25 / 0.001 26 / 0.1 27 ’ Benzo (a) pyren / 0.005

: * 6 / - , 4 / – .

MNS 4047-88- . 2-

1 2 2* 3 5 20 . 4 -

5 NH4 – N – , 6 NO2-N - 7 NO3 – N – ,

8 PO4- P – 9 CI 10 F , 11 SO4 , 12 n 13 Ni 14 Cu 15 Mo 16 Cd 17 18 Pb 19 As 20 Cr , 21 Cr6+ 22 Zn 23 Hg , Hg 24 , 25 4 – 26 - 27 ’ Benzo (a) pyren

13.060.30 .

Water quality Effluent standard

MNS 4943:2000

, 2000 05- 25- 102

. 2000 06- 01 - 2005 06 - 01-

. 1. 1.1. ,

, . 1.2.

. 2. 2.1. . ,

. 3. 3.1. 3.1.1.

. 3.1.2.

. 3.1.3.

. 3.2. 3.2.1. 1

( , , )- . 3.2.2.

1 . 3.2.3.

. 3.2.4. 5

( 5 , 5) 1 .

3.2.5. 5 ( <5) ( )

= 0.2 (1)

- - 1- -

= (Q + Q )/ Q (2)

Q - , 3/ Q - , 3/

1 20 2 - 6 - 9 3 / 20 4 / 50 5 / 20 6 / 35 7 / 800 8 / 0.05 9 / 0.05 10 / 1 11 / 5 12 / 0.2 13 / 0.3 14 / 0.03 15 / 0.5 16 / 0.001 17 / 0.05 18 / 0.2 19 / 0.02 20 / 1 21 / 0.1 22 / 0.3 23 6 / 0.05 24 / 1 25 N/ 8 26 / 20 2.51

21 27 / 1.5 0.31 28 / 1.5 29 / 0.2 30 / 0.1 31 / 0.2 32 0.01111 - 90 000 33 -

3.3. 3.3.1.

* íóóð, óñàí ñàí áîëîí ò¿¿íä öóòãàõ ãîë ìºðºíä

1 25 2 3 - 6 - 9 4 / 50 5 / 100 6 / 30 7 / 150 8 / 1000 9 / 0.2 10 / 3 11 / 10 12 / 0.5 13 / 0.5 14 / 0.05 15 / 1 16 / 0.001 17 / 0.1 18 / 0.5 19 / 0.02 20 / 2 21 / 0.5 22 / 0.5 23 6 / 0.1 24 / 2 25 / 15 26 / 30 27 / 5 28 -

…../0017

. . , , .

MNS 3297 - 91

Environment protection. Soil. The indicator of norm sanitation condition for soil communities.

1991 16

1991 6 1- . .

, , , , , ,

, , , , ,

, , , ,

1. 1.1.

” ” ( )- .

” ” ( )- 100

( )- - ( )- 100

( )- .

1.2. ” ” ( ) 1- .

0,98> 0,85-0,98 0,70-0,85 0,70<

” ” ( )- ,

1.3. 2-

100 - , 760 1 -

( ) 2 2 2 2

0,38-0,80 1,2-2,8 4,1-6,5 14,4-18,0

20,3-19,8 19,9-17,7 16,5-14,2 5,5-1,7

- - - 0,8-2,7

- - - 0,3-3,4

: 21,7%, 28%

2. 2.1. 3- .

1,0> 0,1-0,01 0,01-0,001 0,0001<

0,1> 0,1-0,01 0,01-0,0001 0,0001<

3. 3.1. 4- .

0 1-10 11-100 100<

4. 4.1. 5- .

0,25 2 ( )

0 10> 10-25 25<

5. 5.1. , , ,

0,25 2 -

0 10 10-25 25<

0 1-10 11-100 100<

1,0< 0,1-0,01 0,0,1-0,001 0,001>

0,1< 0,1-0,01 0,01-0,0001 0,0001>

0,98< 0,85-0,98 0,70-0,85 0,70>

6. ( ) 6.1. ,

, . , , ,

. 6.2. 7-

MNS 3298 - 90

Environmental protection. Soil. General requirements on the probe for analytical purposes.

1991 4 25-

16 1991 6 1- .

. 1. 1.1. -

1.2. , ,

, , , ,

1.3. , , , ,

1/. , , ;

2/. , , , ,

3/. , ;

4/. , ,

2. 2.1. , , ,

, , , ,

2.3. , 25 3 ,

(25 2)

3. 3.1. (0-20)

- (300-500) , ,

3.2. ,

3.2.1. , , , , , ,

(0-15;0-25) .

3.2.2. , , , ,

(0-25; 0-50)

3.2.3. , ,

3.2.4. , ,

0,1-0,5

(3-5 )

(100-200)

3.5. ,

(0-5) (0-5-20) -

(100-200) - .

3.7. 10

(5-10) - .

4. , 4.1.

4.2. ,

(4-5)0 - 3 1

4.4. ,

1. , ………………………………....................................

………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………

.…………………………………………………………................................................................................

2. …………… …………… ……………..

3. , ………………………………….....................................

………………………………………………………………………………………….........................................

…………………………………. , , , ,

, ………………………………………………...............

………………………………………………………………………………………….........................................

5. ……………. …………………………....................................

6. ……………………………………………………....................................

………………………………………………………………………………………….........................................

7. ……………………………………….....................................

…………………………………………………………………………………………........................................

8. ………. ………..

……… ……….. ………….

9. ………….. ………….

……….. ………. ………..

10. …………… ……………

…………. …………. ……….

11. ………………………………………………………................................

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………….

12. , ………………………………….............

…………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………............................................................................

…………………….. ………………………

13.080.01 . ,

MNS 5850 : 2008

Soil quality. Soil pollutants elements and substance

, 2008 05 30- 17

2008 07 01- .

. 1 1.1

, ( ) .

1.2 , ( ) , , ,

, , , , , , .

ISO 15799:2003, –

; ISO 19258:2005, –

; (DIN), ’ 80.

. VDLUFA, - 1980. –H . 1-3, - S. 9-11, ; O T 17.4.3.04:1985, . . ,

; 17.4.1.02:1983, . . .

3 , 3.1

5 / 3– , 40- . : Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Cs, Ba, La, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb. Fr, Ra, Ac 42 .

, , , 12 . (Pb), (Cd), (Hg), (As),

(Cr), (Cr6+), (Zn), (Co), (Ni), (Cu), (Sr), (V).

( ) (Pb), (Cd), (Hg), (As), (Cr), (Cr6+),

(CN-). , .

- (Cu), (Zn), (Cr), (V), (Ni), (Sr) (Sn),

(Mo), (S), (B), (F) (Pb, Cd, Hg, As) ,

, ( ), - - ,

( ), , .

( )- . 3.9

- (precaution value) - (trigger value) - (action value) 3.9.1

. . , , , .

. , , ,

%, (<0,01 )

< 20 20-45 > 45

/ : 1 - . 4 , 3 –

3- - ( ) ( / )

1 (Pb) 100 70 50 100 2 (Cd) 3 1,5 1 3 3 (Hg) 2,0 1,0 0,5 2 4 (As) 6 4 2 6 5 (Cr) 150 100 60 150

6 (Cr+6) 4 3 2 4

7 (Sn) 50 40 30 50 8 (Sr) 800 700 600 800 9 (V) 150 130 100 150

Soil textural class

Sand Loamy sand Sandy loam

Sandy silty loam Loam

Silty loam Silt

Clay loam

Sandy clay Silty clay

Silty clay loam Clay

10 (Cu) 100 80 60 100 11 (Ni) 150 100 60 150 12 (Co) 50 40 30 50 13 (Zn) 300 150 100 300 14 ( ) 5 3 2 5 15 (Se) 10 8 6 10 16 ( ) 25 20 15 25 17 (F) 200 150 100 200 18 (CN-) 25 15 10 25

1- : ( )

, , , .

4- - ( )

1 (Pb) 500 1200

2 (Cd) 10 20

3 (Hg) 10 20

4 (As) 30 50

5 (Cr) 400 1500

6 (Cr+6) 20 50

7 (Sn) 300 500

8 (Sr) 3000 6000

9 (V) 600 1000

10 (Cu) 500 1000

11 (Ni) 1000 1800

12 (Co) 500 1000

13 (Zn) 600 1000

14 ( ) 20 50

15 (Se) 50 100

16 ( ) 100 300

17 (F) 800 1500

18 (CN-) 50 100 2- :

1 ( ) PCB6

0,1 2,0

2 4,0 100 3 0,2 2,0 4 -( )- 1,0 10

5 ( ) 10 -

6 / (PCDD/F) 0,001 0,01

1 (Pb), (Cd),

(Cr), (Cu), (Ni), (Co), (Zn)

MNS ISO 11047:2001

3 (Hg) ISO 16772:2004

(CN-) ISO 17380:2004 ISO 11262:2003

4 (As), (S)

ISO 20280:2007

14 ( ) PCB6

, ISO 10382:2002

ISO 8974:2002

18 ( )

ISO 15009:2002 ISO 18287:2002

2 02 - 110/51-2333 10.12.1990 “ ” .: , 1990.

13.080.30 .

. 1- :

Soil quality. Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora. Part 1: Method for the measurement of inhibition of root growth

NS ISO 11269-1:2002

, 2002 05- 30- 22 .

2002 06- 01- .

. 1. ISO 11269

. ( , ).

ISO 11269- , .

. , - .

ISO 11274-1. . – . 3.

: 2. “CV Triump” –

3. , .

8 , 11 , . , .

4. 10 500 .

: 10% >0.6 , 80% 0.2-0.6 , 10% <0.2 .

. . ( )

, 30 2 - 16 , 4 - . (5.2.2)

(5.2.3) .

- . ( )

, . . ,

70% . :

a) 5-10 .

. 100%- . 70%

) ISO 11274 70%- .

7: . 8. " " .

, , 36-48 20 - . , 2 - ,

10 - .

, . 70% .

( ) 12- 16 8- 12 25000 Im/m2 45W ( ) 20 2 16 2 (%) 60 5 60 5 (% ) 70 5 70 5

(4.1) 5 . .

80%- .

5 . . , 5 - .

11. . 6. (D )

12: ”t- “ ”t- “ .

6 10 -

95%- ( 10%). ( - ) 7.

. : ) ISO 11269- ) ) ) )

1) 2) 3)

) . : , ,

- 0 / ( ), 1 / , 10 / ,100 / 1000 / - .

, 2- .

1000 / - .

13. . : 1, 3, 9, 27,

81 ... B ( )

.1 “t”

: 27.6, 23.8, 22.9, 28.3, 22.5 25.0 : 28.3, 33.5, 27.2, 31.1, 29.9 30.0

4 t– . ( 2.776)

s = + t --------

n = 28.3 ( ) = 32.3 ( ) s

= – t -------- n = 21.7 ( ) =27.7 ( )

: s - ; n - .

- t = -------------- sA

------ + ------ nA nB

t- 9 0,02- t- . 98%- .

.2 “t”

: : 27.6, 23.8, 22.9, 28.2, 22.5 25.0 : 25.2, 29.9, 26.4, 28.7, 27.3 27.5 : 28.3, 33.5, 27.2, 31.1, 29.9 30.0

( ) = ( -1)8520/ = 3 (5-1) = 12

58.512

04.6712

25.1140629.11473222

S = 5.58 = 2.362 : ;

(SE) 5

2x362.2

1TSxSE

: T - N -

= t SE : t - ( ) = 2.50 = 2.5 1.494 = 3.735

98%- . .

0 50 100 500 1000

98 99 105 100 100 1 01 102 103 97 101 104 102 97 100 99 96 102 105 96 104 99 101 102 97 102 100 97 98 98 100 99 97 96 100 103 98 85 91 93 92 88 84 90 84 89 90 87 93 88 87 85 86 82 84 17 9 8 11 16 13 11 12 9 15 15 7 8 15 17 10 12 9 9 3 4 11 3 7 7 5 8 7 4 5 5 6 9 7 6 8

101 99 88 12 6

. : 3, 4 1 , , 9 , . 6

1- . 16.5 18.3 6.4 3 .1 7.2 6.3 10.3 10.8

8.3 9.8 37.5 2.9 6.7 5.9 9.6 8.7

1) ; .

10%- . 15%- .

. ) ISO 11296- . ) . ) (ISO 11269- ) )

) 50 , 100 , 500 1000 .

) 4 . 70% ,

4 . ) 5.4- .

13.080.30 .

. 2- :

Soil quality. Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora. Part 2: Effects of chemicals on the emergence and growth of higher plants

NS ISO 11269-2:2002

, 2002 06- 27-

2002 07- 01- . .

ISO 11269

ISO 11269- , .

. , - .

ISO 10381-6:1993, . . 6- :

MNS ISO 10390:2001. .

3. ISO 11269 . : ( ):

( ): .

. 85-95 .

1- 2 . 1- 2-

. 4 - 5 .

1,5%- (3% ) . (0,02 - ) 20%- . ISO

10390 - 5-7,5- .

ISO 10381-6

Sorghum, ( durra, , )

Secale cereale L. Lolium perenne L. Oryza sativa L. Avena sativa L. Triticum aestivum L. Hordeum vulgare L. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Zea mays L.

( ( ) ( )

Birdsfoot fenugreek

Sinapis alba Brassica napus (L.) ssp. napus Raphanus sativus L. Brassica rapa ssp. (DC.) Metzg Brassica campestris L. var. chinensis Trifolum ornithopodioides (L.) Lactuca sativa L. Lepidium sativum L. Lycopersicon esculentum Miller Phaseolus aureus Roxb.

./ / ; .

0( ), 1 / , 10 / , 100 / , 1000 / .

(2- ) .

1000 / - .

3: 1,2,4,8,16

20 24 .

. 50% 14-21

4: . : .) :

. .) : . .) : 16 / .

7000 - .

. d.) :

, Avena sativa- 80%, Brassica rapa- 60% .

. .) : , , ( )

5. - .

; 70-800 - 16

. ( ) ( )- .

. Ma .

) ) 1 - . )

.( ) )

. : ) ISO 11269 ) ( , , ) ) :

- - - ( ) - - - - ( .) - , -

d) ISO 11269 , .

e) , : ;

f) g) :

- - - ( )

h) . - - - - ( )

i) ( ) j)

.2 . .

.3 . (

) . . . 24

.4 - (

)- . .

.) , . 2

1 . 2 . 1050 - .

ms + + ;

mt ( + );

md ( ).

( 6.3- ). :

3 ; 6.3- ,

[1] ISO 11465:1993. . .

: 13.080.99 ,

NS 5546 : 2005 General requirements for assessment of soil erosion and degradation of vegetation cover in pasture lands

2005 12 08- 56

2006 01 01- .

, , , ,

1) . , . , .

, , , 15 , .

2) , , ( ).

, , , .

– , , , ; – , , , ; –

, ; – , ;

– , ;

2 , , ; 4. ,

5. , 5.1. , 5.2. , 5.3. , , GPS 5.4. 5.5. 5.6. 5.7. 5.8. 5.9. 1,0; 0,5; 0,1 – 6. .

: 6.1. , 6.2. , 6.3. 1,0 - , 6.4. 2 , ,

0 1 2 3 4 5 1 5-15,9 20-30 5-10 100-3002 16-30,9 31-40 11-20 301-500 3 >31 >40 >21 >501

8. . : 8.1. 8.2. , 8.3. , 8.4. ,

0 1 2 3 4 5 1 51< 10-30 1-2 20-40 2 20-50 31-50 3-4 41-60 3 <20 <51 >5 >61

1) . . “ ” /1983/ 2) . . , . . “

”, . 1993.203 . 3) H.E.Dregne,1986. “Desertiffication of arid lands” // In Physics of Desertiffication, ed. F.El-Baz

and M.H.A.Hassan. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus, Nijhoff. 4) Liu Zhongling, Hao Dunyuan “The Ecosystem Conservation and Sustainable Develepment of the

North Steppe of China” // The International Conference on The Optimum Allocation of water Resource The Ecological Envirroment Construction and The Sustainable Development in Arid Zone. Huhhot. 2002. 345-370 p.

5) . “ , ” . 2000 6) . “ ”.

. 1993

03.080.30 -

MNS 4588 : 2008 Services for consumers - Hotel. General requirements MNS 4588 : 2004-

, 2008 11 27– 59

2009 04 01– .

. 1 1.1 . 1.2 , . 2

. -MNS 4946:2000, , -MNS 4244:94, . , -MNS 900:2005, , - MNS 5824 :2007, , , -MNS 4967 :2000, . . , , - MNS 5344 : 2003, . . , - 2.08.02- 89, , - 2.01-85, ,

3 , 3.1 – , , ,

3.2 - MNS 4967 :2000 . 3.3 -

. : - ; - , ; -

4 “ ”-

5 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.1.1 , , , ,

5.1.1.2 , , , .

5.1.1.3 10 ,

. 5.1.1.4 , , . 5.1.1.5 , . 5.1.1.6 . 5.1.1.7 10- . 5.1.1.8 ,

. 5.1.2 5.1.2.1 ,

. 5.1.2.2 35

. 5.1.2.3 , 2,5 - . 5.1.2.4 1.4 - , 1.2 -

. 5.1.2.5 , . 5.1.2.6 . 5.1.2.7 , , 20 0 -

. 5.1.2.8 , , ,

5.1.2.9 , . 5.1.2.10 , ,

. 5.1.2.11 .

, . 5.2 5.2.1 , 5.2.1.1 30 2- . 5.2.1.2 10-

. 5.2.1.3 , . 5.2.1.4 . 5.2.1.5 24 , , .

5.2.1.6 , . 5.2.1.7 . 5.2.1.8 , . 5.2.1.9 ,

. 5.2.1.10 , ,

. 5.2.1.11 , ,

. 5.2.1.12 , , , . 5.2.2 5.2.2.1 , . 5.2.2.2 , , , ,

, , . 5.2.2.3 0.90 - ,1.2 - , 1.08 2-

, 2,5 2- . 5.2.2.4 ( , , )-

4 %- , . 5.2.2.5 , ,

, 5.2.3 5.2.3.1 , ,

. 5.2.3.2 , , , ,

. 5.2.3.3

. 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.1.1 , :

, - 9 2 , - 12 2 , 80 %- .

4 2- .

5.3.1.2 , , . 5.3.1.3 2000 900 , 2000 1600

- . 5.3.1.4 120 - ,

5.3.1.5 2- . 5.3.1.6 400 700 - , 750 1150 - . 5.3.1.7 15 - , 220 - 250

. 5.3.1.8 ,

. 5.3.1.9 . 5.3.1.10 / / . 5.3.1.11 / , ,

/ . 5.3.1.12 , , . 5.3.1.13 /3- /,

. 5.3.1.14 . 5.3.1.15 . 5.3.1.16 , , ,

, “ ”, “ ”, “ , ”- . 5.3.1.17 , . 5.3.2 5.3.2.1 3,8 2- . 5.3.2.2 , , . 5.3.2.3 . 5.3.2.4 , . 5.3.2.5 . 5.3.2.6 ,

. 5.3.2.7 , . 5.3.2.8 . 5.3.2.9 , , , . 5.3.2.10 . 5.4

“ , . ” MNS 4946 : 2005 .

5.5.1 1. 5.5.2 , ,

. 5.5.3 24

. . 5.5.4 .

: 1. , , . 2. . 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.1.1 ,

. 5.6.1.2 . 5.6.1.3 . 5.6.1.4

. 5.6.1.5 ( , , )

, . 5.6.1.6

. 5.6.2

“ . ”. MNS 4244 : 94 , ,

, , . 5.6.3 5.6.3.1 , , , ,

, , , , ,

. 5.6.3.2 “ . MNS 900 :2005”

. 5.6.3.3 , ,

, , . 5.6.3.4 MNS 5344 : 2003 ” . .

” . 5.7 5.7.1 , ,

5.7.2 , .

5.7.3 , , ,

. 5.7.4 , , , , , ,

. 5.7.5 , . 5.7.6 80-

. 5.7.7 , , , ,

, , , , , , .

5.7.8 . 5.7.9 . 5.7.10 .

1. “ ”- -2006

2. – 2006

3. -2006-2012

4. - 2006-2012

5. -2006-2012

6. -2006

7. - 2007

8. -2007

9. -2004

10. -2003

11. “ -2015” -2006

5927:2008

43.020

MNS 5013 : 2009

Petrol engine vehicle – Maximum acceptable level and measuring method of exhaust emission MNS 5013 : 2003–

, 2009 09- 30- 15

2009 11 01- .

(CO, CH)- , , , ,

2 2.1 ,

(2500 / ± 200 / ) , (CO, CH)-

, , , , , , , ,

, , , .

400 - , 50 / - , ,

-MNS 4598 : 2003, , -MNS 4990 : 2000, , . ,

, -MNS ISO 4804 : 99, –

, -ISO 3930 : 2000, Instruments for measuring vehicle exhaust emissions, - 52033 - 2003, .

. , -Council Directive 70/220/EEC of 20 March 1970 on the approximation of the lows of the Member States

relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from motor vehicles, -Council Directive 83/351/ of 16 June1983 amending Council Directive 70/220/EEC on the

approximation of the lows of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from positive - ignition engines of motor vehicles,

- 1997 (

) 4 , 4.1 . 4.1.1 -

, ( ) . 600 - .

4.1.2 – 2000

4.1.3 – , ( )

4.1.4 -

4.1.5 -

4.1.6 –

4.1.7 –

, , , ,

4.1.8 ( ) - – ,

4.1.9 ppm – , -1- 4.1.10 – ,

, , . 5 5.1 ,

, , (n . ) (n - 2500 / ± 200 / )

, 1- . .

, , -1

, 3.5 -

n . 2.0 800 n 1.5 ,

3.5 - n . 1.5 500 n 1.0

n . 0.5 250 n 0.3

: n . – ,

n – ,

. - , ,

, , - , - , - , - , , - .

6 6.1 6.1.1

, , , (n )- – .

1± 0.03 . 6.1.2 , ( )-

. 6.1.3

7 . 6.1.4

6.2.1 .

- , - (N) ,

- , - , - , - , - ,

- 30 - ,

- 1 – 2 .

- (n. . ) 20 ,

, , - (n. ) ,

15 , , ,

6.2.2 . 7 7.1

2- . 2- -

0 - 9,99% 0,01%

0 - 19,9% 0,1%

0 - 10000 ppm 1 ppm

0 – 25,0% 0.1%

45 - 160 0C 2 0C

0.50 - 2,500 0.001

0 - 6000 -1 100 -1

CO, CO2, CH, O2 . 7.2.2 5 0C – 40 0C, 220 ± 20 . . 8 8.1 8.1.1

. “MNS 4990:2000 , . , ”

. . 8.1.2 ,

8.1.3 : 1. , 2. , 3. , , , ,

, , , 4. , , , , ,

, , 5. , , , 6. , , , ,

, 7. , .

43.020 -

MNS 5014 : 2009

Diesel engine vehicles – Maximum acceptable level and measuring methods of opacity

MNS 5014:2003–

, 2009 9- 30- 15

2009 11 01- .

, , , ,

, . 2 2.1 “

” , ,

, , , , , ,

, , , .

3 -MNS 4598:2003, , -MNS 4990:2000, , . ,

, -MNS ISO 4803:1999, –

, -ISO 3930:2000, lnstruments for measuring vehicle exhaust emissions,

52160-2003, , . .

, -Council Directive 70/220/EEC of 20 March 1970 on the approximation of the lows of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from motor vehicles, -Council Directive 88/436/EEC of 16 June 1988 amending Directive 70/220/EEC on the approximation of the lows of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from motor vehicles (Restriction of particulate pollutant emissions from diesel engines), - a 1997 . (

4.1 – ,

( ) ( - )-

4.2 – nmax :

4.3 - nmin : , -1

, ( %- , -1 .

4.5 - - ( -1), %-

, %- . ( (%) ( )- .)

4.6 ppm – , -1

4.7 – ,

4.8 – , , , .

. 5.2 1-

. 1- -

3.5 - 35.0

3.5 - . 40.0

- , , - , , - - , - , - , . 6 6.1 6.1.1 ,

, , . 6.1.2 , ( ) .

6.1.3 (N) .

6.4 6.4.1 . 6.4.1.1 :

- , - - .

6.4.1.2 : - - , 600 - , - , - . - 20 .

6.4.2 . : - ,

, , - , - 30 - , - , - ( ) 0.5 – 1.0

. 2 - 3 . 8- 10 .

. 6 , 3 .

0.5 -1 15%- . 3

- (n), (K) (t)- .

6.4.3 .

2- . 2- -

, , RS 232

0 - 100 %

0 – 9.99 -1 0.01 -1

0 - 160 0

0 – 9999 -1 1 -1

7.1.1 ISO 3930:2000 ,

, , , .

7.1.2 50 - 400 , 220 ± 20 . . 8 8.1 8.1.1 . MNS 4990:2000, “ , . ,

” , . 8.1.2 . :

- , - , - , , , ,

, , , - , , , , ,

, , - , , ,

- , , , , , - , .

(%) ( ) - :

100N1In

: – , -1

L – , ( ) -1

N – , %

(n) (K) (t)-

t – t - nmin – nmax t - t - nmin – ( ) – – – I – I , II

MNS 1796 – 73

1.1. , , I,II

10-12 5-9

/ 20-40 .

20-25 , , 30-40 .

1.2. 5- .

1.3. , ,

1.4. 1-2

1.5. 1

1.6. I,II .

2. , ,

2.1. ,

2.2. , ,

2-4- .

2.3. .

2.4. , 3-4

2.5. , 50 100

, , , .

2.6. ,

2.7. ,

2.9. +150 - +200

2.10. ( ) , , , ,

– 99

MNS 3580 - 84

, 1983 252-

1984 01 01-

1988 01 01- .

1. 1.1. ,

1.2. MNS 2429-82-

1.3. , .

1.4. 2

1.5. , ,

2.1. MNS 2433-77-

2.2. , .

2.3. 1

2.4. , ( , )-

2.5. , 25 2.5 -

2 3 . . 1 - .

2.6. 1 1.5 - ,

. 2.5 - , .

2.7. , 1

1 1 2 3

20- 20-

3. ( )

3.1. MNS 2432-77-

3.2. ,

3.3. , ( , )

3.4. 400

( , , )- , ,

: 200 .

3.5. , ,

1. , , , , ,

2. 1- 2- .

4.1. ,

(Dioryjtria abietella F) 1-

, , , ,

2. (Laspeyresio strobiteiia L) /2-

1-2 . .

3. (Laspeyresia illutana VL, Kuzn) 3-

11-13 , ,

4. /4- /

15-20 .

5. (Lasiomma baicioba Karb) , 5-

, , 1-2 .

6. /Merastigmus Hoffm/, 6-

(Pissodes vabidirostris Gyll), 7-

8. (Etibba zinskenebba Tr), 8-

. 9. (Eur yroma caraganae N;K), 9-

, . 1.5

: 65.020.40

, MNS 5973 : 2009 The size of green facilities (garden) and its distance in

construction planning and engineering infrastucture development

, 2009 09 30- 16 .

1.1 , , , , , ,

, , , , .

4 , 4 .1

( , , , , )

5.1 , , .

1 5.0 2.0

1.0 0.7

1.5 0.6

2.0 1.0

5 1.5 0.6

6 2.0 1.0

4.0 1.0

/ 3.0 3.0

/ , 3.0 3.0

/ 2.5 2.0

/ 5.0 2.0

/ 3.0-4.0 0.7-1.5

/ 2.5-4.0 1,0-1.5

2.5-4.0 1.0-1.5

5.2 20- .

: 65.150

MNS 5974 : 2009 Gill nets for commercial fishing.

General requirements

, 2009 09 30- 16 .

, , . 3

- ISO 1107:2003, - ISO 16662-1:2009, 4 ,

, (1- )

40 40,

2.0-4.0

40 40,

1.5-2.0

40 40,

4.0-6.0

2.0-4.0

250-280

200-230

300-400

300-380

4.0-6.0

1.5-2.0

4.0-6.0

350-420

390-450

2.0-4.0

40 40,

2.0-4.0

6.1.6 ,

, . , 2 .

1- . .

– \ y

– \ \

, . 2006. .

. 2004. , .

, . 1998. “ - ” .

. 1980. - .

.. 2007. (Coregonus autumnalis migratorius Georgi, 1775) .

. 2: 36-47

. . . 1985.

. 1966. . .

. 2000. , . “ - ” .

. 2002. , . . .

., . . 2006. , .

ISO 2003, International Standard Organization, (online), http://www.iso/en/stdsdevelopment/tc/tclsit/TechnicalCommitteStandardslistPage.TechnicalCommitteStandardsList?COMMID=36018&INCLUD=ESC=YES, (2003)

Mika Kurkilahti., Martti Rask. 1996. A comparative study of the usefulness and catch ability of multi mesh gill nets and gill net series in sampling of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and roach (Rutilus rutilus L.)// Fisheries Research 27: 243-260.

: 67.080.10

. MNS 5693 : 2006

Ced r nuts. Technical requirements

, 2006 12 21 - 47 .

2007 01 15- .

, , , , , .

- /RCP 59:2005, - -9769-001-85620810-2001, . - GB 0788:1999, - EEC 209/92, ,

, , , ,

5.1 “ MNS CAC 1:2003”

. 5.2 1- .

5.3 2- - .

1 , % 4,0 4-5,0 2 , % 16,0 14,0 3 , % 60,0 55,0 4 - , % 14,0 10,0 6 , 650,0 600,0 7 1, 0,52

8 2, 0,16 9 , 20,0

(Ca) 90,0 (Mg) 400,0 ( ) 650,0 ( ) 160,0 (Fe) 4,2 (Na) 100,0

% 0,5 1,0

12 , % 0,5

13 , % 0,1 0,2

5.4 3- , .

3- / ,

, / (Pb) (As) (Hg) (Cd) (Cu) (Zn)

0,1 0,1 0,05 0,1 15,0 100,0

2 1, / 0,005

: , , -

4 ( ), /

-137 (Cs) -90 (St)

200 100

5.5 4- .

/ 1 25 - 2 1 - , 1 102 3

5- . 5-

( ) 50-100

101-300 301-

5 15 20

, 1500-2000 .

. : 7.1 MNS 5293:2003, ( 1)

7.2 MNS 5295:2003, ( 2)

7.3 MNS ISO 4830:1999, , , ,

7.4 MNS ISO 4891:1999, 7.5 MNS 5169:2002, , 7.6 MNS 4496:1997,

7.7 MNS 4499:1997,

7.8 MNS ISO 11212-1:2000,

7.9 MNS ISO 11212-2:2000,

7.10 MNS 4497:1997,

7.11 MNS 5551:2005, 1, 2, G1, G2-

( ) 7.12 MNS 5549:2005, 1, 2, G1, G2-

( ) 7.13 MNS 5132:2003, . 7.14 MNS 4832:1999,

8.1 . 8.2 3 ±1,0 %, 3 ± 2,0 %- . 8.3 “ . MNS (ISO) 8367-1:1998”, “

. MNS 5296:2003”, “ . MNS 4082:2001” .

8.4 , “ . MNS ( ) 4280:95” . 9 , 9.1 “ . MNS 5364:2004”

, 70 %- , 150 - .

9.2 0.4 -

, 5- . 9.3 1 - . 9.4 1 .

67.080.10

. MNS 5786 : 2007

Siberian Pine nut. Technical requirements

, 2007 11 08- 52

2007 12 15- .

(Pinaceae Lindl)- (Pinus Sibirica /Rupr/ Mayr.)- , , , , ,

o CAC/ RC P59:2005, 3

, , , 2 . - - 4 4.1 ( )- . 4.2 ,

, , , . 4.3 1- .

4.4 2- .

1 , %, 12-16 16-20

, (1000

220 - )

, , (1000

180-220 )

( , , , ), %- ,

4 , %- , 1,0

4 , %-

: , , .

4.5 3- .

/ 1 25 - 2 1 - , 1 103 3 ,

4- , ,

10 11-20

0,5 1 2

- MNS ISO 4891:1999, ; - MNS 5169:2002, , ; - MNS 5132:2003, . ; - MNS 2431-77 . .

7 , 7.1 50 , , . 7.2 ± 2,0%- . 7.3 .

- - - - - , , - , 8 , 8.1 “ . MNS 5364:2004”

, 70 %- , 15° - , .

8.2 20-30

, , 1 - . 8.3 8.1 8.2- 1

. 8.4 , ,

Public Disclosure Authorized - World Bank · & F G & O = ; Z c ] Z e v h j q b g, Z y e Z e ` m m e...

Documents

Transcript of Public Disclosure Authorized - World Bank · & F G & O = ; Z c ] Z e v h j q b g, Z y e Z e ` m m e...

K E M @ ; ? G B = E : K G B D · 2019. 1. 11. · 1 G Z h k g h \ m q e Z g Z 80. k l Z \ 1. l Z q d Z 6. M k l Z \ Z J _ i m [ e b d _ K j i k d _, A Z d h g Z h h ^ e b d h \ Z

b y i e Z a f u k j Z a e b q g u f b f Z l j b Z e Z f bphyselec.phys.msu.ru/files/courseworks2020/Андреев_Курсовая.pdf · H ] e Z \ e _ g b _ < \ _ ^ _ g b _ D Z

2. O w w j b c g k m ^ Z e ] Z Z g m mF h g ] h e M e k u g M e Z Z g [ Z Z l Z j O h l u g O Z l m m o h ] O Z y ] ^ e u g F _ g _ ` f _ g l b c ] @ : C D : O h ] o Z y ] ^ e u g

Z g g Z [ e b h l q g Z b k l f Z» P g l j Z e v g Z d Z - ol-cbs.ru · Мурманской области 80 лет 3

; b a g k j ` Z l m a b r [ c b q Z e e Z g f Z ; Z j q Z ... · ; b a g _ k j _ ` Z l m a b r [ c b q Z e e Z g f Z ; F L L > g b g ] 8 a [ _ d b k l h g ^ Z ] b \ Z d h e Z l o

realty.yandex.ru · 113 e _ k l g b q g Z y e _ l d Z f _ k l Z s _ g b y A ^ Z g b _ №2, -1 ` 8.8 114 e _ k l g b q g Z y e _ l d Z f _ k l Z s _ g b y A ^ Z g b _ №2, 9 ` 14.8

i h e l Z l Z h l [ e y a Z g b k k Z a Z ^ t e ` b l e g ...€¦ · ILHOGV PDUNHG ZLWK DUH PDQGDWRU\ i h e _ l Z l Z h l [ _ e y a Z g b k k Z a Z ^ t e ` b l _ e g b w Ü z z z

f ^ Z ] Z e m ajourn.knu.ua/periodyka/images/pdf/konf/studconf18.pdf · ; Z c j Z d G Z l Z e y / \ ] _ g \ g Z N _ c d h \ Z g n h j f Z p y y d _ e _ f _ g l j h a [ Z e Z g k m

I m [ e b q g Z h n j l Z d e x q g b b « K h ] e Z r g b ... · 1 I m [ e b q g Z h n _ j l Z d e x q _ g b b « K h ] e Z r _ g b y h [ g n h j f Z p b h g g h- l _ o g h e h ]

olimpiada.ru€¦ · G Z a \ Z g b _ d h f Z g ^ u _____ > Z l Z _____ x H k h [ h _ f g _ g b _ ` x j b – 3 [ Z e e Z x I h g b f Z g b _ k f u k e h \ b b ^ _ c, i j _ ^ k l Z

> e y Z l j u f Z g g y [ e Z g d Z Z g d l u n Z j f Z p ... · A Z y d Z g Z ^ a _ e m i j Z ] j Z f _ i j Z n _ k c g Z d m e v l m j g Z ] Z Z [ f _ g m &20081,7< &211(&7,216

3. H ^ h h ] b c g o Z l m m o h ] o Z y ] ^ e u g f g ` f g lF h g ] h e M e k u g M e Z Z g [ Z Z l Z j O h l u g O Z l m m o h ] O Z y ] ^ e u g F _ g _ ` f _ g l b c ] @ : C D

J Z k i b k Z g b a Z g y l ^ e 7 :´ d e Z k g 10 Z i j e ...school79.tgl.ru/sp/pic/File/Distant-2020/10-11_aprelya/7_kl_Raspisani… · J Z k i b k Z g b _ a Z g y l ^ e 7 :´ d

Z Z m Ä K e m ` [ g h f ] e Z k g b d m J i m - СТЕП...A Z d h g _ k l m i b h g Z k g Z ] m h k f h ] ^ Z g Z h ^ ^ Z g Z h [ Z \ b \ Z Z m Ä K e m ` [ _ g h f ] e Z k g b d

K E M @ ; ? G B = E : K G B D O PREKRSAJIMA... · 2014. 7. 28. · 903 G Z h k g h \ m : f Z g ^ f Z g Z XL l Z q d Z 2. g Z M k l Z \ J _ i m [ e b- d _ K j i k d _ (“ K e m `

J ? R ? 5 - Kraljevo...G Z h k g h \ m q e Z g Z A Z d h g Z h e h d Z e g h k Z f h m i j Z \ b Ä K e m ` [ _ g b ] e Z k g b d J K³ [ j h ,,,,, ,

Z l e v g Z j h ] j Z f f Z · 2014. 6. 13. · \ u ^ _ e y l v g u _ , m k d Z _ i _ g g u _; m k l Z g Z \ e b \ Z l v q _ k d m x h k e _ ^ h \ Z l _ e v g h k l v g h \ g u o

e y l k y h l [ m f Z ] b k Z f u c [ h e v r h c [ Z g d ... · = Z j Z g l b j h \ Z g g Z y i _ j _ ^ Z q Z ^ Z g g u o

A Z ^ Z g b y , l m j Z f Z d k b f Z e v g u c [ Z e e · 2020. 12. 4. · W d h g h f b q _ k d Z y a Z ^ Z q Z A Z \ _ j g u c h l \ _ l [ Z e e h \ [ Z e e Z A Z i j b \ _ ^ _

1 N Drepository.ldufk.edu.ua/bitstream/34606048/7696/1/ПОСІБНИК...E _ d p y ; h f _ o Z g d Z y d g Z m d Z g Z \ q Z e v g Z ^ b k p b i e g Z \ 1 N D \ p e k g j m o h \

olimpiada.ru€¦ · G Z a \ Z g b _ d h f Z g ^ u _ > Z l Z _ x H k h [ h _ f g _ g b _ ` x j b – 3 [ Z e e Z x I h g b f Z g b _ k f u k e h \ b b ^ _ c, i j _ ^ k l Z