Post on 06-Apr-2018
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ProtistaPart II
Taken from:
BIO 2215
Oklahoma City Community College
Dennis Anderson
Edited by : Glen R. Mangali
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Phylum Euglenozoa
Either a. phytoflagellated or
zooloflagellated
They have one or two flagella insertedinto an apical pocket
Presence of spiral or crystalline rod on
their flagella
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Phylum Euglenozoa
Phytoflagellated protozoa
Possess one or two flagella and
produce large portion of food in marinefood webs
Haploid and reproduce longitudinal
binary fission
Sources of oxygen in aquatic habitat
Ex. Euglena orient towards light
intensities ( have stigma)
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Phylum Euglenozoa
Zooflagellated protozoa
Lack chloroplast and are heterotrophic
Have single, large mitochondria knownas kinetoplast
Most are parasite of nonhuman
mammals Normally found in Africa
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Either a.
phytoflagellated or
zooloflagellated
Phylum Euglenozoa
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Sand Fly
Vector for
leishmaniasis
Genus Phlebotomus
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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Parasites form skin
ulcers.
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As many as 200 lesions may form
causing disability and social stigma
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Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
Central & South
America
Destroys mucous
membranes of nose &
mouth
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Visceral Leishmaniasis
Kala Azar Primarily occurs inAfrica and Asia.
Characterized by
irregular fever, weightloss, swelling of
spleen & liver, &
anemia.
Fatality can be 90% if
untreated.
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Phylum Apicomplexa
Class
Coccidea
Apical complex
Helps in penetrating
hosts cells
Endoparasites
Movement
Male gamete
Male gametocyte
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Plasmodium
Malaria
Most important parasitic
disease of humans today
WHO estimates that 270million new cases occur
annually with 2 million
annual deaths
Transmitted by bite of
infected mosquitoes of
genus Anopheles
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Mosquito feeds on blood of
infected host & ingests
gametocytes
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ametes un te n mosqu to
stomach to form oocysts in wall
of stomach
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Oocysts
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Sporozoites produced in
oocysts by sporogony move to
salivary glands of mosquito &
are injected into next host
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Sporozoites invade liver cells
and undergo schizogony to
produce merozoites
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Merozoites invade circulating
RBCs
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Each merozoite produces as
many as36
new merozoitesthrough schizogony in RBCs
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Merozoites rupture RBCs to
invade other RBC
s
Simultaneous lysing of RBCs causes the
sudden chills & fever typical of malaria
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Gametocytes are produced in
blood & ingested by mosquito tocomplete the cycle
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Sporozoites from mosquito bite
Schizogony to make merozoites
Ingest gametocytes
Sporozoites to liver
Merozoites enter RBCs
Schizogony to make merozoites
Fertilization in stomach
Oocyst forms
Sporozoites by sporogony
Sporozoites invade salivary gland
Man Mosquito
Merozoites become gametocytesMerozoites become gametocytes Bites man
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Toxoplasma Toxoplasmosis
Parasite
Cats, man, other
mammals & birds
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Fetus
Birth defects
Mental retardation
Aids Patients
Fatal infection
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Eimeria
Coccidiosis
Birds and mammals
Bloody diarrhea
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Coccidiosis
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Coccidiosis
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Phylum Cilophora
Cilia for movement
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Trichocysts
Released as a
defense
Long threadlike
Release triggered by
mechanical or
chemical stimulation
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Phylum Cilophora
Paramecium
Movie
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Phylum Cilophora
Vorticella
Spiral stock attaches
to substrate
Contract and extend
Cilia used to sweepfood into mouth (see
arrow)
Movie
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Phylum Cilophora
Stentor
Solitary
Use cilia to sweep
food into mouth
Movie
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Phylum Cilophora
Didinium
Bands of cilia
Eats Paramecium
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Phylum Cilophora
Spirostoman
Up to 3 mm long
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Phylum Dinoflagellata
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Phylum Dinoflagellata
Two flagella
Transverse
Longitudinal
Some photosynthetic
Some heterotrophic
Some have cell wall
made of plates Red tide
neurotoxin
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Zooxanthellae
Photosynthetic
dinoflagellates
(brown)
Live in corals
Provide nutrients for
coral by
photosynthesis
Mutualism
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc Permission required for reproduction or display
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Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Amebas
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Amoeba proteus
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Entomoeba histolytica
Amoebic dysentery
Transmitted by food &
water contaminated
with cysts
Bloody diarrhea
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Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Copyright he raw Hill Companies, In Permission required for reprodu tion or display
Difflugia
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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py g p , q p p y
Variations in Pseudopodia
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Radiolarians
Abundant in the
ocean
Ocean floors covered
Forms sedimentaryrock
Siliceous test (shell)
Skeleton made of
silica Numerous geometric
designs
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Radiolarian Tests
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Foraminifera
Secrete a test (shell)
of calcium carbonate
Grow new chambers
as organismincreases in size
Foramen (opening)
between chambers
Shells constitute vastdeposits on ocean
floors
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Foraminifera Tests
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White Cliffs of Dover, England
Foramifera deposits
uplifted from oceanfloor
Chalk
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Pyramids of Egypt
Made of limestonefrom foraminera
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Plankton
Small organisms that drift in the ocean and
freshwater
Pastures of the seas
Many different protozoans
Zooplankton
Phytoplankton
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Which Animal Has A Higher
Surface Area to Volume Ratio?
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Which Organism Has A Higher
Surface Area to Volume Ratio?
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Smaller Organisms Have A Higher
Surface Area To Volume Ratio
Advantage of more
surface area/volume
Easier to get food
Easier to get oxygen
Disadvantage of more
surface area/volume
Loose heat faster
Warm blooded animals
have to consume morecalories
Hummingbird eats 2/3 body
weight each day
Need transport systems
for food and oxygen
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Symbosis
Living together
Parasitism
Commensalism
Mutualism
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Parasitism
Parasite benefits
Host harmed
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Mutualism
Both organisms
benefit from living
together
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Commensalism
Bird nest and tree
Bird benefits
Tree not affected
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The End