Post on 22-Mar-2018
Overview
Third-Party Interference (TPI), including unauthorized excavation in
a pipeline’s right-of-way, is the leading cause of pipeline accidents
and loss.
A single pipeline incident can have devastating effects, causing
property destruction, service interruptions, environmental
damage, and even death, often resulting in significant financial
loss for the pipeline operator. Furthermore, incidents involving oil
theft can go unnoticed for long periods of time because of remote
stretches of pipeline that are difficult to monitor.
Senstar’s FiberPatrol FP6100X advanced detection system is
specifically designed to promote the physical security of buried
pipelines and related above-ground infrastructure. Using fiber
optic cable buried along a pipeline, the FP6100X detects and
locates ground vibrations and acoustic signatures associated with
TPI activity.
Technology
Patented FiberPatrol technology is based on an enhanced version
of Coherent Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (COTDR).
COTDR is extremely sensitive allowing it to detect dynamic
changes in the refractive index of a fiber caused by acoustic
vibrations (intrusions). A pulsed interrogating light signal is sent
into the sensor cable and the back-scattered light is measured
from the entire fiber.
The FP6100X provides protection up to 80 km (49.7 mi) from one
unit and typically locates to within 10 m (33 ft) of an intrusion
event.
Protecting PipelinesFrom Third-Party Interference (TPI)
FiberPatrol FP6100X Sensor Unit
Back-scattered light detected and analyzed by Sensor Unit
Laser light launched into fiber
Single-mode fiber
Visual represenstation of Coherent Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (COTDR) APPLICATION NOTE
®
TPI detection
The FP6100X detects TPI activity, such as unauthorized
mechanical or manual digging, long before the sensing cable and
the pipeline are even reached. By providing an early warning and
the precise location of an incident, a FP6100X system can help
prevent costly enviornmental and monetary damage.
The FP6100X system consists of two primary elements: the
Sensor Unit and the fiber optic sensor cable.
Sensor Unit
Sensor Unit equipment is rack-mounted and monitors the buried
fiber optic sensor cable. It continually monitors two sensing cables
of up to 40 km (24.85 mi) in length each. Both cables are attached
to one controller, making a total cable distance of up to 80 km
(49.7 mi).
Fiber optic sensor cable
Buried along with the pipeline, the fiber optic sensor cable is an
armored, multi-fiber, single mode, telecommunications-type cable
suitable for direct burial. Standard cable deployment for TPI
recommends that the cable is buried directly above the pipeline at
a depth of approximately 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 in).
Protecting Pipelines From Third-Party Interference (TPI)
Pipeline
Surface
Ground
Directly buried fiber optic sensor cable (no conduit)
2 m (6.6 ft) typical
30 cm (1 ft)
Key specifications
TPI detection Sensor cable (typical properties)
Maximum sensor length 40 km (24.85 mi) per cable
80 km (49.7 mi) per head-end
Cable type Gel-filled loose tubes, double jacket,
armored
Alarm location accuracy Better than 10 m (33 ft) typical Fiber count 1 sensing fiber, up to 59 spares
Minimum virtual zone length 75 m (250 ft) recommended Sensing fiber type Corning SMF-28e+ or equivalent
Maximum virtual zone count 13 per km (20 per mile)
recommended
Optical loss < 0.25 dB/km (0.40 dB/mi)
@ 1550 nm (80 km per head-end)
< 0.28 dB/km (0.40 dB/mi)
@ 1550 nm (72 km per head-end)
Outer Diameter 12.5 mm (0.5 in)
Weight 135 kg/fm (91 lbs/kft)
Sensor cable
40 km (24.85 mi) 40 km (24.85 mi)
Sensor Unit
Sensor cable installation Coverage distance
For detailed specifications, refer to the FiberPatrol FP6100X for Pipeline TPI datasheet.
Sensor cable
Protecting Pipelines From Third-Party Interference (TPI)
Key features
• The sensor is a point-locating distributed sensor, capable of
identifying the exact location of activity to within 10 m (33 ft)
along the sensor for most typical interferences.
• The system is extremely sensitive to minute disturbances and
has uniform sensitivity along the entire length of the sensor,
resulting in a very high Probability of detection (Pd of > 95%).
• Sensors can be deployed to protect pipelines of any length.
Each system can protect up to 80 km (49.7 mi) and multiple
systems can be used together.
• The sensor can be deployed across any terrain or soil type.
• No power or grounding is required in the field since the sensor
consists of passive (all-dielectric) fiber optic cable powered by
laser light.
• The sensor is covert, which provides a significant advantage in
detecting human interference, catching perpetrators off guard.
The all-dielectric sensor is not detectable.
• The FP6100X is cost-effective, especially for long ranges.
• The location-sensing ability of the FP6100X enables it to resolve
multiple simultaneous disturbances, making it immune to defeat
by coordinated attack.
• The system can be deployed in a configuration to provide cut
immunity, which means the sensor remains fully functional even
after it is severed.
• The sensor is immune to RFI/EMI and lightning.
Location sensing
The FP6100X detects activity within a few meters of the sensing
cable. The actual distance will vary depending on the type of
activity, and the soil conditions that occur between summer,
winter, and in rainy seasons. For example, The FP6100X will
detect a small, light vehicle in driving mode up to 10 m (33 ft) away
from the sensing cable in summer conditions, but the distance
reduces to about 5 m (17 ft) in wet conditions.
Event Typical detection range (perpendicular to sensor)
People Walking 1 to 5 m (3 to 16 ft)
Light vehicle 3 to 10 m (10 to 33 ft)
Heavy excavating machines 15 to 60 m (50 to 200 ft)
False and Nuisance Alarm Rates (FAR/NAR) and Probability of Detection (Pd)
With The FP6100X, false intrusion alarms generated by
occurrences other than sensor cable motion/vibration are
extremely low. The system is specified to generate less than one
false alarm per month.
The FP6100X is designed to reject nuisance sources such as
those created by small animals, farm machinery, or nearby vehicle
and train traffic. The system employs adaptive filtering and pattern
recognition algorithms to minimize the rate of alarms induced by
environmental factors and unwanted nuisance sources. The NAR
depends on the sensitivity requirements for detection and
rejection of nuisance sources, in addition to factors related to the
ground type and condition, vegetation, environment, proximity to
mechanical noise sources, as well as on the configuration and
depth of the buried sensor. FiberPatrol-PL offers a variety of
configuration settings to optimize the tradeoff between Pd
requirements and minimization of NAR.
The system is immune to nuisance alarms and performance
degradation originating from electromagnetic and radio-frequency
interference in the field.
The system can detect isolated, non-stealthy excavation attempts
in the area directly above the sensor cable with greater than 95%
probability before such excavations reach the cable. Such
attempts include both digging with excavation equipment as well
as manual tools.
FiberPatrol FP6100X Sensor Unit
Protecting Pipelines From Third-Party Interference (TPI)
Cable cut detection and cut immunity
The FP6100X detects and locates a sensor cable cut with an
absolute accuracy of better than 30 m (100 ft). In the event of a
sensor cable cut, the system retains detection and location ability
in the portion(s) of the sensor cable that remain(s) connected to
the system controller.
The system can also be installed in a configuration to provide cut
immunity, allowing the system to continue full, normal operation
even in the event of a cut or severed cable.
Cable specifications
The fiber optic sensor cable consists of communication-grade
single-mode optical fiber strands in gel-filled loose buffer tubes.
FiberPatrol-PL uses two fibers to protect up to 80 km (49.7 mi) of
pipeline. The cable is rated for buried deployments and has an
all-dielectric construction with no conducting or emitting parts.
Simple installation
The FP6100X uses one fiber optic sensor cable in both directions,
which can be easily deployed next to the pipeline using standard
telecommunication methods. If the pipeline already has a single-
mode cable installed alongside, in most situations the system can
be retrofitted to use the existing cable.
Protection for long pipelines
To protect long pipelines, multiple FP6100X systems can be
daisy-chained and monitored from a central location either using
Senstar or third-party head-end software.
Integration with third-party systems
FP6100X sensors may also be integrated with surveillance
cameras and security systems to provide complete protection.
The FP6100X can be integrated with other intrusion sensors from
Senstar or third-parties to protect pumping stations and other
pipeline facilities.
Graphical user interface
The FP6100X software provides a graphical user interface for
system calibration and configuration. The software is designed to
be intuitive and easy to use. As with all FiberPatrol systems, the
alarm reporting methods offer ready and easy integration to a
wide variety of PSIM, VMS, and ACS devices, or even direct
interface to IP camera controllers. It also provides GPS integration.
FiberPatrol is the total solution
Senstar’s line of FiberPatrol fiber optic sensing and intrusion
detection systems feature the most advanced fiber optic sensor
technology available for perimeter and infrastructure protection
and monitoring. All of the FiberPatrol systems have the ability to
identify multiple simultaneous events, such as coordinated
intrusions, which can be effectively detected and located. The
systems report the coordinates of an attempted breach, which can
be used for activating corresponding PTZ camera presets and for
personnel dispatch. Location-sensing ability also enables the
system to ignore non-localized disturbances, such as those
produced by wind and rain.
For pipeline protection, the FP6100X’s passive, all-optical fiber
sensors provide sensing on up to 80 km (49.7 mi) of pipeline
from a single controller. Multiple controllers extend the systems’
capability. The FP6100X requires no electrical grounding in the
field and is unaffected by lightning storms.
Spare fibers in the sensor cable can be used for fiber optic video
and data transmission, further reducing the cost of infrastructure
development.
About SenstarSenstar researches, develops, manufactures, and supports the largest portfolio of sensor-technology-based perimeter security products and systems in the world. Senstar is also a leading provider of personal duress solutions.
Senstar products can be found in more than 80 countries, in tens of thousands of sites including borders, ports, military and government, oil and gas, correctional, and other critical sites.
®
info@senstar.com • senstar.comCopyright © 2017. All rights reserved. Features and specifications are subject to change without notice. The Senstar name and logo are registered trademarks of Senstar Corporation.
FiberPatrol is atrademark of Senstar Corporation. Product manufactured in ISO 9001:2008 certified facility. Version: AN-FP-004-IN-R3-E-12/17