Post on 06-Feb-2017
Expert Meeting on Technology Road MapsExpert Meeting on Technology Road Maps
25 March 2013
Golam Rabbani
Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS)
Adaptation Technologies in Agriculture: Experiences from Bangladesh
Bonn, Germany
Background
Climate Induced Major Hazards
How climate change currently affects agriculture practices
(including the coast of Bangladesh)
Adaptation Technologies for Agriculture (Crop-Rice) in
Bangladesh
Adaptation Policy and Strategy of the Government of
Bangladesh
Some examples of Adaptation technology in Agriculture in
Bangladesh
Outline of the PresentationOutline of the Presentation
Bangladesh is one of the climate related disaster prone countries of the world
Climate Change reduces rice production in Bangladesh by an average 3.9 % each
year (World Bank, 2010)
4°C increase in temperature would have a sever impact on food production in
Bangladesh, resulting in a 28 percent reduction for rice and a 68 per cent reduction for
wheat (BCAS, BIDS and BUP, 1996)
Bangladesh losses about 0.5 million tones of rice annually as a result of floods (Paul
and Rashid, 1993)
Salinity affected 1.1 million ha of land (soil) in the coast
Farmers are adapting with local and innovative technologies (advantage and
disadvantages)
BackgroundBackground
Water logging
Drought
Flood
Cyclone Storm surge, salinity
Bank erosion
Climate Induced Major Hazards That Affect Climate Induced Major Hazards That Affect Agriculture Sector in Bangladesh Agriculture Sector in Bangladesh
Bank Erosion Mazumder, 2011
55
• River floodRiver flood• Flash floodFlash flood• Tidal surgeTidal surge
Affected/Exposed Areas: • Nearly 80 % areas of the
country is low-lying
• Recent floods affected 30-69
% areas
• Standing crops damage
Climate Induced Major Hazards Climate Induced Major Hazards That Affect Bangladesh That Affect Bangladesh
Climate Induced Major Hazards Climate Induced Major Hazards That Affect Bangladesh That Affect Bangladesh
Source: BWDB
Climate Induced Major Hazards Climate Induced Major Hazards That Affect Bangladesh That Affect Bangladesh
Sea
Leve
l Ris
eSe
a Le
vel R
ise
Climate Induced Climate Induced Major Hazards Major Hazards
That Affect That Affect Bangladesh Bangladesh
Salinity Intrusion in agriculture Salinity Intrusion in agriculture fields (SOIL)fields (SOIL)
Climate Induced Major Hazards Climate Induced Major Hazards That Affect Bangladesh That Affect Bangladesh
Salinity intrusion increased by 27 % Salinity intrusion increased by 27 %
from 1973 to 2009 (SRDI, 2010)from 1973 to 2009 (SRDI, 2010)
Farmers are extremely challenged Farmers are extremely challenged
with salinitywith salinity
After Cyclone Aila (2009), many After Cyclone Aila (2009), many
farmers couldn’t cultivate rice for farmers couldn’t cultivate rice for
three consecutive yearsthree consecutive years
Cyclone and Storm surge Late and lack of rainfall Tidal surge and Salinity intrusion
excessive rainfall(sky flood!)
• Overflows surface water resources • Lack of freshwater for irrigation
• Low level of water in ponds and mini ponds• Water quality and quantity
• Salinity in surface water•
• huge surface runoff• Quality of water deteriorates
Vulnerability to LIVELIHOODS
• Damages of crops, fisheries and livestock• No freshwater for crops
• Reduced yields • loss of crops
• Reduce cropproductiondue to salinity in soil
• Heavy rainfall in short time cause damage to crop• Excessive rainfall submerge the vegetables and crops for several days
Vulnerability to LIVELIHOODImpacts onAgriculturesector
Impacts on water sector
Climate Change
How climate change induced hazards currently affects agriculture practices in the coast of Bangladesh
Climate Change key Elements
Current Adaptation Technologies for Crop Agriculture (e.g. Rice and wheat )
Hard Technology Soft Technology
Temperature variations Heat tolerant variety
Early morning flowering variety Improve irrigation system/ supplementary
irrigation Irrigation efficiency (magic pipe
technology) Changing crop varieties
Training/capacity building
Crop rotation patterns
Awareness raising
Erratic rainfall Submergence tolerant varieties Early warning system Short term variety
Awareness raising Capacity building Change of cropping
pattern
Adaptation Technologies for Agriculture (Crop-Rice and Wheat) in Bangladesh
Climate Change key Elements
Current Adaptation Technologies for Crop Agriculture (e.g. Rice and wheat )
Hard Technology Soft Technology
Drought Drought tolerant variety Rainwater harvesting for lean period Excavation and re-excavation of water
channels, mini ponds for irrigation Change tilling practices Drip irrigation system
Awareness raising Capacity building Irrigation efficiency
Flood Flood tolerant variety Infrastructure e.g. flood control Seed preservation Early warning system
Awareness raising Capacity building Crop forecasting
Salinity Saline tolerant variety Infrastructure (protection of agriculture
land from intrusion of sea water)
Awareness raising Capacity building
Adaptation Technologies in Agriculture (Crop-Rice and Wheat) in Bangladesh
Climate Related Stress Climate Tolerant Popular Rice Variety
Growth Duration(days)
Average Yield(Ton/Ha)
Flood (submergence) BRRI dhan 51 142-154 4BRRI dhan 52 145-155 4.5
Salinity in soil, surface and ground water
BRRI dhan 40 145 4.5BRRI dhan 41 148 4.5BRRI 28 140 6.0BR 23 150 5.5BRRI dhan 27 115 4BRRI dhan 47 152 6.0BINA-8 130-135 5.0
Drought BRRI dhan 55 (also saline tolerant)
145 7.0
BRRI dhan 33 118 4.5BRRI dhan 39 122 4.5
Adaptation Technologies in Agriculture (Crop-Rice) in BangladeshClimate Tolerant Rice Varieties
Popular saline tolerant Rice varieties
Crop Season Months Salinity tolerant level (ds/m)
BRRI 28 Boro Dec-May 1-4
BRRI dhan 40 Aman June-Dec 8-10
BRRI dhan 41 Aman June-Dec 8-10
BRRI 23 Aman June-Dec 8-10
BRRI dhan 47 Boro Dec-May 8-10
BINA-8 Boro and Aman Dec-May/June-Dec
12-14
“Saline Tolerant Varieties” as the effective adaptation option for Rice Farming in the most vulnerable Coastal Zone in Bangladesh
1515
Stress (flood, drought and salinity) tolerant varietiesStress (flood, drought and salinity) tolerant varieties
Short duration cropsShort duration crops
Innovative farming practices (floating gardens, irrigation efficiency)Innovative farming practices (floating gardens, irrigation efficiency)
Crop diversificationCrop diversification
Changing/shifting cropping patternChanging/shifting cropping pattern
Adjustments in irrigation system (excavation of mini-ponds, Adjustments in irrigation system (excavation of mini-ponds,
supplementary irrigation)supplementary irrigation)
Cropping intensity (1, 2, 3, 4……crops in a year)Cropping intensity (1, 2, 3, 4……crops in a year)
key Adaptation Technologies in Crop Agriculture in Bangladesh
Adaptation Policy and Strategy Adaptation Policy and Strategy of the Government of Bangladesh of the Government of Bangladesh
Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan 2005Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan 2005
National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA) 2004/2005National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA) 2004/2005
Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP, Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP, 2009)2009)
Food security, social protection and healthFood security, social protection and health
Comprehensive Disaster Management Comprehensive Disaster Management
InfrastructureInfrastructure
Mitigation and low carbon developmentMitigation and low carbon development
Research and knowledge management Research and knowledge management
Capacity and institutionsCapacity and institutions
1616
Current Adaptation Governance: Conceptual FrameworkCurrent Adaptation Governance: Conceptual Framework
CCT
Line Ministries
Policy and Strategy•BCCSAP• NAPA
Trusty Board• Managing fund and selection of adaptation projects• 15 members
Technical Committee• review and recommendation of adaptation projects
MoEF
CTF
Adaptation Actions/Projects
Communities
DoEHigh Level Committee
BCRRF
NGO/CSOs
Evaluation Team
Implementing Organizations
Clim
ate
Fina
nce
Departments/Institutes
Some examples of Adaptation technologySome examples of Adaptation technology in Agriculture in Bangladesh in Agriculture in Bangladesh
• Adaptation technology in Adaptation technology in practice: practice: Flood Prone AreasFlood Prone Areas
• Floating Bed PreparationFloating Bed Preparation– Collection of materials (water-Collection of materials (water-
hyacinth and other aquatic hyacinth and other aquatic vegetation)vegetation)
– Making a floating bed (May to Making a floating bed (May to July)July)
• Farming crops and seasonFarming crops and season– Mostly vegetables, both Mostly vegetables, both
summer and wintersummer and winter
– Ball or cushion like structureBall or cushion like structure
– Seedling raisingSeedling raising
Technology Case-1. Floating Gardens (Vegetable Farming)
• Growing vegetablesGrowing vegetables– Vegetables growingVegetables growingPeople also grow People also grow
vegetables for own vegetables for own consumption and sell consumption and sell surplus to the market surplus to the market
• IncomeIncome– Women earns 5 Women earns 5
USD/Day (May-June) for USD/Day (May-June) for preparing preparing “Dolla” (small “Dolla” (small ball shaped structure) ball shaped structure)
– Farmer earns 200 to Farmer earns 200 to 2000 USD/season 2000 USD/season depending on the size of depending on the size of the floating bedthe floating bed
Some examples of Adaptation technologySome examples of Adaptation technology in Agriculture in Bangladesh in Agriculture in Bangladesh
Technology Case-1. Floating Gardens (Vegetable Farming)
• Adaptation Technology in Adaptation Technology in practice: practice: Coastal ZoneCoastal Zone
• Saline Tolerant Rice Saline Tolerant Rice VarietyVariety
– BRRI 28 (mid 1990s to BRRI 28 (mid 1990s to 2008)2008)
– BRRI dhan 47 is saline BRRI dhan 47 is saline resistant varietyresistant variety
– BRRI 47 can resist 8-10 BRRI 47 can resist 8-10 dS/m (moderate level of dS/m (moderate level of salinity)salinity)
– About 5 tons/haAbout 5 tons/ha– Duration about 150 daysDuration about 150 days
Source:
Some examples of Adaptation technologySome examples of Adaptation technology in Agriculture in Bangladesh in Agriculture in Bangladesh
Technology Case-2. Saline Tolerant Rice Variety
• Homestead Vegetable Homestead Vegetable Garden on raised plinthGarden on raised plinth
• Most of the farmers now Most of the farmers now practice vegetable practice vegetable farmingfarming
Some examples of Adaptation technologySome examples of Adaptation technology in Agriculture in Bangladesh in Agriculture in Bangladesh
Technology Case 3. Traditional Adaptation Technology
• Vegetable farming at Vegetable farming at different level different level (adapting different (adapting different degree of salinity) of degree of salinity) of raised plinthraised plinth
• Traditional practices in Traditional practices in coastal areascoastal areas
• Mainly own Mainly own consumptionconsumption
• Alternate livelihoods Alternate livelihoods option under saline option under saline conditioncondition
Some examples of Adaptation technologySome examples of Adaptation technology in Agriculture in Bangladesh in Agriculture in Bangladesh
Technology Case 3. Traditional Adaptation Technology
Some examples of Adaptation technologySome examples of Adaptation technology in Agriculture in Bangladesh in Agriculture in Bangladesh
Technology Case 3. Traditional Adaptation Technology
Mini ponds supplementary irrigation Mini ponds supplementary irrigation
• Adaptation technology in Adaptation technology in practice: practice: Drought Prone Drought Prone AreasAreas
• Adjustments in irrigation for Adjustments in irrigation for both rice and vegetable both rice and vegetable cultivationcultivation
• improve irrigation efficiency improve irrigation efficiency in water scarcity areasin water scarcity areas
• small water reservoir in the small water reservoir in the agriculture fields for irrigationagriculture fields for irrigation
Adaptation Projects in Agriculture Budget (USD)1 Innovation & Extension of rice based technology to
reduce the adverse impact of climate change.0.75 Million
2 Stress tolerant rice, wheat, pulses & oil seed production, processing & distribution project
3.1 Million
3 Innovation of Sustainable Crop System for Drought Prone and Coastal/saline Area to Face Climate Change Impact.
0.75 Million
4 Innovation of various Crop System for Drought Prone and Coastal/saline Area to Face Climate Change Impact
0.6 Million
5 Agriculture Adaptation in Climate Risk Prone Areas 22.5 Million
Adaptation Projects in Agriculture SectorAdaptation Projects in Agriculture Sector• Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund• Bangladesh Climate Resilience Fund
Thank youThank you