Post on 11-May-2015
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TAMIL NADU AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Coimbatore-641003
Production technology of Spice crops PSM 502 (2+1) Assignment onPROPAGATION TECHNIQUES IN SMALL CARDAMOM BY:-
VISHNU KUMAR MISHRA ID NO 13-533-011 1st M.Sc.(Hort)
PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES IN SMALL
CARDAMOM
Cardamom : An introduction
Queen of spices
Habitat – Western Ghats
Cross pollination crops
perennial , monocot , herbaceous
Area- 71,170 ha, Production- 11,000 t Max. production- Kerala (8545t) 2011-2012
Seed propagation
Vegetative propagation
Rapid clonal propagation
Micro propagation
Types of propagation
Seed propagation
Steps –
Primary nurserySelection of seeds Pre sowing Seed treatmentSowingMulching Secondary nursery -bed nursery -poly bag nursery
Sloppy land Raise the bed:20cm ht, 1 m width,
convenient length Soil solarisation
Primary nursery
Seed extraction from ripen capsule in sept-oct
Seed collection from mother plant having:-
Vigorous growth High yielding Compact panicle High % of fruit set Free from pests and diseases More no. of tillers
Selection of seeds
After picking capsules are immersed in water Seed extraction with gently press Seeds are wash in water to remove mucilage Seed are smeared with wood ash and shade
dried Acid treatment for better germination Temperature have greater influence on
germination
Pre sowing Seed treatment
Treatment Mode DurationGermination percentage
(increase or decrease over control)
Con. Nitric acid Soaking five minutes
nine per cent increase
Conc. Hydrochloric acid
Soaking five minutes
Increased germination
25 per cent Nitric acid
Soaking 10 minutes
55 per cent increase (fresh seeds) 25 per cent increase (six to eight months old seeds)
25 per cent Acetic acid 25 per cent Hydrochloric acid 25 per cent Nitric acid
Soaking 10 minutes
90 per cent germination
Acetone Soaking 10 minutes
Increased germination
Line sowing 1 kg of seed to get 5000 seedling, i.e. half
kg seed for an acre Cover with thin layer sand Germination starts in about 22-25 days Avoid direct sunlight, rainfall by providing
pandal
Sowing
Mulching
With paddy straw & dry leaves Sometimes with coconut coir dust & goose berry leaves
Bed nursery Poly bag nursery
Secondary nursery
Preparations of bed same as primary nursery Cattle manure thoroughly mixed with soil Seedling transplanted at 4-5 leaf stage in
June -July at 20-25 cm distance Nutrition: 45g N, 30g P2O5 & 60g K2O in three
equal splits at 45 days interval
Polythene bags size: 20x20 cm & 100 gauge thickness
Bags filled with jungle top soil, cowdung and sand (3:1:1)
Then transferred to main field in first week of June after 10 months of sowing
Bed nursery
Poly bag nursery
Vegetative propagation
Through division of rhizomes
- Portion of rhizome with one old and one young shoot
- Bear earlier than seedling
Rhizomes of cardamom
Planting unit: one grown up sucker & a young growing shoot
Trenches with 45 cm width, 45 cm depth, length convenient opened
Rapid clonal propagation
Filled with jungle soil, compost, & top soil
Planting units are planted at 1.8x0.6m spacing
Overhead protection by erecting pandal Irrigation once in week, fertilizers given @ 48:48:96g NPK in two split doses
32-42 suckers produced from one planting unit after 12 months
Hence in one hectare of clonal nursery about 1,48,144 – 1,94,439 plants produced in 12 months
Micropropagation
“… the art and science of multiplying plants in vitro.”
“… the art and science of multiplying plants in vitro.”
First commercial level tissue culture production Explant- young sprouting tillers (8-10 cm) in
march to may is ideal Tissue cultured plants are harden in sand filled
cups in mist chamber at 80% RH
Micro propagation
1. Selection of plant material
2. Establish aseptic culture
3. Multiplication
4. Shoot elongation
5. Root induction / formation
6. Acclimatization
Micropropagation stages
Procedure Preparation of media(Schenk & Hidebrandt
Medium)
Transplant of explant in media
For shoot induction , addition of BAP, KN & Coconut milk each @ 0.5mg/l and also IAA 2mg/l growth factors D- Biotin and calcium pantothenate @ 0.1mg/l
The bud elongation takes place on M1 medium Transfer of shoots in fresh medium after every 5 weeks
Primary culture is transferred to shoot multiplication medium M2 Achieve a ht of 30-40 mm in 12 weeks
White’s rooting medium used for rooting and further shoot elongation Rate of multiplication 1:3/month
Rooting percentage 86-93%
4-5 cm rooted shoots transferred for hardening and acclimatization
Planting medium:- sterilized top soil and compost
Plantlets are acclimatized in nursery for 2-3 months transferred to main field at stage of 20-30 cm ht
Starting material forMicropropagation
Tip bud
Leaf
Axillary bud
Internode
Root
Callus formation
Shoot organogenesis
Rooting
Hardening process
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