Post on 01-Jan-2016
PRONOUNS
PRONOUNS SPI 0701.1.1 Identify the correct use of
nouns and pronouns within context
TLW identify personal pronouns and understand their function.
TLW use personal pronouns correctly as subjects and objects in sentences.
PRONOUNS A pronoun is a word that takes the
place of one or more nouns
The most frequently used pronouns are called personal pronouns.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS Pronouns that are used to refer to people or
things are called personal pronouns.
Can be singular or plural
SINGULAR PLURAL
USED AS I we
SUBJECTS you you
he, she, it they
USED AS me us
OBJECTS you you
him, her, it them
PERSONAL PRONOUNSPersonal pronouns can be used as
the subject of the sentence or the object of a verb or preposition.
SUBJECT PRONOUNSSubject pronoun: a pronoun in the
nominative case used as the subject of a sentence I, you, he, she, it, we, they
EXAMPLES:She is my best friend. It is my dog. Does he know the answer?You and I will meet later.
OBJECT PRONOUNSObject pronoun: used as the
direct/indirect object or the object of a preposition. me, you, him, her, it, us, them
Examples:Give the book to me. The teacher gave her a reprimand. I will tell you a story. Susan read it to them.
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS SPI 0701.1.1 Identify the correct use of
nouns and pronouns within context
TLW identify pronouns and their antecedents.
TLW make pronouns agree in number and gender.
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS The noun or group of words that a pronoun refers
to is called its antecedent.
When using a pronoun, make sure it refers to the antecedent clearly. Be especially careful when you use the pronoun they.
INCORRECT: They have several books about Greek myths at the
library. Who is they? CORRECT:
Several books about myths are available at the library.
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
Make sure the pronoun agrees with its antecedent in number and gender.
1. The myth of Arachne is amusing. I enjoyed it.
2. The bystanders see Athena. They watch her at the loom.
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS Be careful using THEIR!
Think about the antecedent!
The team lost their coach. The band will be starting their tour this winter. Over Christmas break, the school will host their
annual basketball tournament.
THESE SENTENCES ARE WRITTEN INCORRECTLY!
SPI 0701.1.1 Identify the correct use of nouns and pronouns within context
TLW identify subject and object pronouns.
TLW use subject and object pronouns correctly in compound subjects and objects when speaking and writing.
USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY
USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY Subject pronouns are used in compound
subjects.
Object pronouns are used in compound objects.
EXAMPLES:He and Carmen wrote a report on the subject.
(Not Him and Carmen)Tell John and me about Hercules. (Not John and I)
A preposition takes an object. The object of a preposition can be either
simple or compound. You must use an object pronouns as
the object of a preposition.
Examples:Lee read a famous Roman myth to me. Lee read a famous Roman myth to Irma and
me.
USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY
Whenever the pronoun I is part of a compound subject, it should always be placed after the other parts of the subject.
When the pronoun me is part of a compound object, it should go after the other parts of the object.
EXAMPLES: Lee and I read some ancient Roman myths. (Not I and Lee) Mythology interests Lee and me. (Not me and Lee)
USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY
USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY In formal writing and speech use a subject
pronoun after a linking verb.
EXAMPLES: The writer of this report was she. It is I.
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS is a pronoun that shows who or what has something
A possessive pronoun may take the place of a possessive noun.
They DON’T contain an apostrophe
SINGULAR PLURAL
USED BEFORE my our
NOUNS your your
her, his, its their
USED mine ours
ALONE yours yours
hers, his, its theirs
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNSExamples:
Homer’s story is famous. His story is famous.
This story is Homer’s.This story is his.
Possessive nouns are in red. Possessive pronouns are in green.
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS refers to a person, place, thing, or an idea
that may or may not be specifically named.
can be singular, plural, or both depending on the word they refer to
they are singular when they refer to singular words and plural when they refer to plural words.
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS all everybody none another everyone no one any everything nothing anybody few one anyone many other anything more several both most some each much somebody each other neither someone either nobody something
SINGULAR INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
S (some)
A (any)
N (no)
E (every)
People someonesomebody
anyoneanybody
no onenobody
everyoneeverybody
Things something anything nothing everything
Places somewhere
anywhere
nowhere everywhere
**another, each, either, neither, much, one**
OTHER INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
PluralIndefinite Pronouns
Singular or Plural Indefinite Pronouns
Both All
Few Any
Many Most
Others None
Several Some
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
Everyone enjoys travel.
Each of the birds built its own nest.
Anyone who has finished his or her sketch should show it to the teacher.
Many of us like to fly.
Several of the ice sculptures are melting.
Were both of the concerts cancelled, or were they just rescheduled?
SINGULAR PLURAL
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
When an indefinite pronoun is used as the subject, the verb must agree with it in number.
Everyone discusses the plot. (singular)
Both talk about King Minos. (plural)
All of mythology is about beliefs and ideals. (singular)
All of the myths are about beliefs and ideals. (plural)
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS Possessive pronouns often have indefinite
pronouns as their antecedents.
In such cases, the pronouns must agree in number.
Note that in the first example the intervening prepositional phrase does not affect the agreement.
Each of the characters has his or her motive.
Several have conflict with their rivals.
Fill in the blank 1. agrees that new technologies
provide new opportunities.
2. do their banking, shopping, and research at home on their computers.
3. believe this is a much more convenient way to conduct their business.
4. Almost uses a credit card made available through technology.
5. go to the grocery store where technology will tally their purchases.
Answers 1. Everyone agrees that new technologies provide
new opportunities.
2. Many do their banking, shopping, and research at home of their computers.
3. Some believe this is a much more convenient way to conduct their business.
4. Almost everyone uses a credit card made available through technology.
5. Others go to the grocery store, where technology will tally their purchases.
REFLEXIVE & INTENSIVE PRONOUNS
End in –self & -selves
SINGULAR PLURAL
myself ourselves
yourself yourselves
himself, herself, itself
themselves
Do not use hisself or theirselves.
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS refers to a noun or another pronoun and indicates that the same person or
thing is involved
the sentence would not make sense without it-or-it would change the meaning without it
You cannot take it out!
NEVER used as the subject of the sentence
Ex. The woman found herself a book of folktales.
INTENSIVE PRONOUNS is a pronoun that adds emphasis to a noun
or pronoun already named
can be removed from the sentence and the sentence will still make sense
NEVER used as the subject of the sentence
George himself bought a copy of American Tall Tales.
He himself paid for the book.
PRACTICE
English book page 440
TLW
Identify interrogative pronouns. Distinguish between interrogative pronouns
and contractions. Use who and whom correctly.
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
is a pronoun used to introduce an interrogative sentence
used to ask a question
Refers to people: Who Whom
Refers to Things: What Which (choice)
Shows possession: Whose
EXAMPLE SENTENCES
Who (people) Who invented the phonograph?
What (things, places) What was the kinetoscope?
Which (things, places) Which is the most famous invention?
Whom (people) Whom do people admire?
Whose (people, possessive) Whose was it?
Do not confuse: Whose & Who’s
Who: subject pronoun (Can replace with he or she.)
Whom: object pronoun (Can replace with him & her; use as D.O. or after a preposition)
WHO VS. WHOM Both pronouns refer to people
Who is used as the subject of the sentence (replace with he/she/they)
Whom is used as an object of a verb or preposition (replace with him/her/them)
Examples: Who borrowed the book? (subject) Whom did you let borrow the book? (direct object) From whom did you borrow the book? (object of a
preposition)
Who is captain of the football team this year? Who were the first Americans?
To whom did you give your old skateboard? Whom did you give your old skateboard to?
PRACTICE
(Who, Whom) did you buy flowers for? (Who, Whom) will you call to come and pick
us up after band practice? (Who, Whom) painted that beautiful picture?
ON YOUR OWN
Open your book to page 442. Get out your whiteboard, marker, and eraser.
TLW
Identify demonstrative pronouns. Distinguish between demonstrative pronouns
and demonstrative adjectives.
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
is a pronoun that points out something
Location Singular Plural
Something near in space or time (present)
THIS THESE
Something farther away in distance or time (past)
THAT THOSE
EXAMPLES This is an interesting book. (singular,
nearby)
These are interesting books. (plural, nearby)
That is a long book. (singular, at a distance)
Those are long books. (plural, at a distance)
DO NOT CONFUSE WITH ADJECTIVES
This, that, these, & those can also be adjectives.
This pizza is too hot to eat. Did you watch that television show last
night? I want all these chairs moved to the back of
the room. Please put those shoes in your room.