Post on 01-Apr-2015
Promoting Academic Integrity in Promoting Academic Integrity in the Online Classroom the Online Classroom
Connecticut Distance Learning ConsortiumConnecticut Distance Learning Consortium
Diane Goldsmith, Executive DirectorDiane Goldsmith, Executive Directordgoldsmith@ctdlc.orgdgoldsmith@ctdlc.org
(860) 832-3893(860) 832-3893
Connecticut Distance Connecticut Distance Learning ConsortiumLearning Consortium
WWW.CTDLC.ORGPublic Agency Created in 1998Public Agency Created in 1998
ThanksThanks
Lori McNabb from the University of Texas Telecampus.
Study Group on Academic Integrity and Student Verification in Online Learning
http://www.wcet.info/2.0/index.php?q=node/1212
DistrustDistrust
Distrust of the Online EnvironmentDistrust of the Online Environment• Saturday Night LiveSaturday Night Live
• Academic Research:Academic Research:Online Learning as a Strategic AssetOnline Learning as a Strategic Asset
Volume II: The Paradox of Faculty VoicesVolume II: The Paradox of Faculty Voices
Babson Survey Research Group August 2009Babson Survey Research Group August 2009
DistrustDistrust
P. 29
Faculty BeliefsFaculty Beliefs
How frequently do you believe students in the UT System engage in academic dishonesty?
McNabb & Olmstead, 2009
Faculty BeliefsFaculty Beliefs
Opportunities Students Have to Engage in Academic Dishonesty in Online and On-Campus Courses?
McNabb & Olmstead, 2009
Faculty BeliefsFaculty Beliefs
Likelihood Students will Engage in Academic Dishonesty in Online and On-Campus Courses
McNabb & Olmstead, 2009
AuthenticationAuthentication
An institution that offers distance education…is required to have processes through which the institution establishes that the student who registers in a distance education…course or program is the same student who participates in and completes the program and receives the academic credit.
• Higher Education Opportunity ActHigher Education Opportunity Act
AuthenticationAuthentication
Is She? Or Isn’t
She?
AuthenticationAuthentication
Is She? Or Isn’t
She?
AuthenticationAuthentication
Is She? Or Isn’t
She?
HEOAHEOA
• Secure logins and pass codesSecure logins and pass codes- or -- or -
• Proctored testingProctored testing- or -- or -
• Authentication technologiesAuthentication technologies
-- and ––
• Protects PrivacyProtects Privacy
Applies: online/correspondence coursesApplies: online/correspondence courses
Secure Logins & Pass Secure Logins & Pass codescodes
• Smart passwordsSmart passwords
• Policies for campus staffPolicies for campus staff
• Annual reminders Annual reminders
• httphttpss login to CMS/LMS login to CMS/LMS
Proctored TestingProctored Testing
• Notify students of expense
Authentication TechnologiesAuthentication Technologies
Software Secure SecurexamSoftware Secure SecurexamRemote ProctorRemote Proctor
Kryterion Webassessor
Acxiom Identify-X VerifyAcxiom Identify-X VerifyAuthenticate correct nameAuthenticate correct name
Bio-Sig IDBio-Sig ID
Authentication Authentication TechnologiesTechnologies
• IssuesIssues– Student privacyStudent privacy
– Impact on types of assessmentsImpact on types of assessments
– Data management and securityData management and security
– Implementation for just onlineImplementation for just online
– Expense Expense
Academic DishonestyAcademic Dishonesty
• CheatingCheating
• Plagiarism Plagiarism
• Self-plagiarismSelf-plagiarism
• Unpermitted collaborationUnpermitted collaboration
• Inappropriate helpInappropriate help
• MisrepresentationMisrepresentation
Community of Community of IntegrityIntegrity
• HonestyHonesty
• TrustTrust
• FairnessFairness
• RespectRespect
• ResponsibilityResponsibility
Center for Academic Integrity, 1999
Creating a Community Creating a Community of Integrityof Integrity
• Virtue (promotion) approachVirtue (promotion) approach
• Prevention approachPrevention approach– PedagogyPedagogy
– Training and MaterialsTraining and Materials
• Policing approach Policing approach
Hinman, 2002; Olt 2002
Virtue ApproachVirtue Approach
UT Permian BasinUT Permian Basin
UT Permian BasinUT Permian Basin
Dalhousie UniversityDalhousie University
University of Central FloridaUniversity of Central Florida
Ryerson UniversityRyerson University
Utah Valley UniversityUtah Valley University
Virtue ApproachVirtue Approach
• Institution WideInstitution Wide
• Part of Student Orientations and First Year Part of Student Orientations and First Year SeminarsSeminars
• Reflected by faculty, library, IT staff, student Reflected by faculty, library, IT staff, student support staff.support staff.
• Part of the academic and student culturePart of the academic and student culture
Prevention ApproachPrevention Approach
Pedagogical ApproachesPedagogical Approaches
Pedagogical ApproachesPedagogical Approaches
• Syllabus: Sets Tone for the ClassSyllabus: Sets Tone for the Class– Aligned with Campus Policies Aligned with Campus Policies
– Explains the Academic Culture of your Explains the Academic Culture of your disciplinediscipline
– Puts cheating/plagiarism in context of that Puts cheating/plagiarism in context of that CultureCulture
– Reinforces password/security policies Reinforces password/security policies
– States clear penalties for cheating/plagiarismStates clear penalties for cheating/plagiarism
Pedagogical ApproachesPedagogical Approaches
• Syllabus: Sets Tone for the ClassSyllabus: Sets Tone for the Class– Sets an example: Sets an example:
• models good scholarship models good scholarship • uses appropriate citationsuses appropriate citations
– Makes Course Objectives ClearMakes Course Objectives Clear– Explains Assessments and Alignment with Explains Assessments and Alignment with
ObjectivesObjectives– Quiz students on your syllabusQuiz students on your syllabus
Pedagogical ApproachesPedagogical Approaches
• Assignments/ActivitiesAssignments/Activities– Use authentic learning tasks that relate to students’ Use authentic learning tasks that relate to students’
personal goalspersonal goals– Design assignment to learn genuine research skills in Design assignment to learn genuine research skills in
collaboration with your librarycollaboration with your library– Design an assignment that focuses on the ethical Design an assignment that focuses on the ethical
dimensions of your disciplinedimensions of your discipline– Design collaborations that foster group cohesiveness Design collaborations that foster group cohesiveness – Discussion Forum for peer support and helpDiscussion Forum for peer support and help
Pedagogical ApproachesPedagogical Approaches
• Good Pedagogy = “unintended consequences Good Pedagogy = “unintended consequences • Value of CollaborationsValue of Collaborations
– Research by Phil Ice at APUS – for profit online Research by Phil Ice at APUS – for profit online institution with 50,000 learners institution with 50,000 learners
– Retention study: explained 21.2% of varianceRetention study: explained 21.2% of variance– 18%: “Online or web-based communication is an 18%: “Online or web-based communication is an
excellent medium for social interaction.”excellent medium for social interaction.”– 2.2%: “I was able to form a close sense of some [class] 2.2%: “I was able to form a close sense of some [class]
participants.”participants.”Phil Ice Presentation on Retention at WCET conference 10/2009 Phil Ice Presentation on Retention at WCET conference 10/2009
Pedagogical ApproachesPedagogical Approaches
• Discussion ForumsDiscussion Forums– Guidelines and examples of work in the Forum Guidelines and examples of work in the Forum – Establish a clear instructor presence in the ForumEstablish a clear instructor presence in the Forum– Use the forum to expand assignments and Use the forum to expand assignments and
assessmentsassessments• What did she learn?What did she learn?• Most important concepts?Most important concepts?• Would change if did over? Would change if did over?
– How assessed? Graded? How assessed? Graded?
Pedagogical ApproachesPedagogical ApproachesShare Student WorkShare Student Work
http://historyengine.richmond.edu/
Pedagogical ApproachesPedagogical Approaches
• AssessmentsAssessments
– Varied (Bloom’s Taxonomy)Varied (Bloom’s Taxonomy)
– Authentic Authentic
– Disaggregated and over timeDisaggregated and over time• Topic, Literature Search, Hypothesis, Methods, Topic, Literature Search, Hypothesis, Methods,
– Show how you got to the conclusion/answerShow how you got to the conclusion/answer– Expand learning with Forum, Portfolios – What you did? Expand learning with Forum, Portfolios – What you did?
What you learned? What next?What you learned? What next?– Scoring rubrics – clear to studentsScoring rubrics – clear to students
Pedagogical ApproachesPedagogical Approaches
• Quizzes and Tests (short,, T/F, multiple choice)Quizzes and Tests (short,, T/F, multiple choice)– Do they need to be graded?Do they need to be graded?– Higher order thinking (can you Google the answer?) Higher order thinking (can you Google the answer?)
– (browser lock down software)– (browser lock down software)– Randomize– questions/answersRandomize– questions/answers– Test bank, change regularlyTest bank, change regularly– Timed windowsTimed windows– Show questions 1 at a timeShow questions 1 at a time– Proctored if high stakes (inform early, cost issues)Proctored if high stakes (inform early, cost issues)
Pedagogical ApproachesPedagogical Approaches
• Assume “Open Book” Assignments:Assume “Open Book” Assignments:– Essays that require interpretation, analysis, Essays that require interpretation, analysis,
reflection, connection. (Google the topic – what do reflection, connection. (Google the topic – what do you find?)you find?)
– New types of essays or essay topics each semesterNew types of essays or essay topics each semester– Authentic research in the fieldAuthentic research in the field– Documentation of the “Process” not just the end Documentation of the “Process” not just the end
project – blogs, wikis, journalsproject – blogs, wikis, journals
Pedagogical ApproachPedagogical ApproachMathematicsMathematics
GROUP PROJECTGROUP PROJECT
• Tackle a real life problem using the material Tackle a real life problem using the material covered in our class. covered in our class.
• Present the projects professionally (as if hired Present the projects professionally (as if hired to do the project) to do the project)
• Be creative. Be creative.
Gleason, Jim (2009). Gleason, Jim (2009). Teaching Mathematics Online: A Virtual Classroom. Journal of Online Mathematics Teaching Mathematics Online: A Virtual Classroom. Journal of Online Mathematics and Its Applicationsand Its Applications http://mathdl.maa.org/mathDL/4/? http://mathdl.maa.org/mathDL/4/?pa=content&sa=viewDocument&nodeId=1057&bodyId=1241pa=content&sa=viewDocument&nodeId=1057&bodyId=1241
RESULTSRESULTS• designed bus routes for a rural school district that designed bus routes for a rural school district that
reduced the travel time for all students from up to four reduced the travel time for all students from up to four hours per day to less than two hours per dayhours per day to less than two hours per day
• designed delivery routes for a rural milk company, and designed delivery routes for a rural milk company, and found the ideal location for a production plant. found the ideal location for a production plant.
• design for a supermarket that maximized profit by design for a supermarket that maximized profit by placing key items in the best locations. placing key items in the best locations.
Gleason, Jim (2009). Gleason, Jim (2009). Teaching Mathematics Online: A Virtual Classroom. Journal of Online Mathematics and Teaching Mathematics Online: A Virtual Classroom. Journal of Online Mathematics and Its ApplicationsIts Applications http://mathdl.maa.org/mathDL/4/?pa=content&sa=viewDocument&nodeId=1057&bodyId=1241 http://mathdl.maa.org/mathDL/4/?pa=content&sa=viewDocument&nodeId=1057&bodyId=1241
Pedagogical ApproachesPedagogical Approaches
• Get and maintain a reputation that in your courses Get and maintain a reputation that in your courses cheating is difficult and painfulcheating is difficult and painful
• Adopt CATs (Angelo and Cross) for onlineAdopt CATs (Angelo and Cross) for online
• Students respect: Students respect:
– Fairness and clarity;Fairness and clarity;
– work that is designed to improve their learning;work that is designed to improve their learning;
– challenging work; challenging work;
– within a reasonable course load.within a reasonable course load.
Prevention ApproachPrevention ApproachTraining and MaterialsTraining and Materials
Capella UniversityCapella University
Plagiarism.org (Turnitin)Plagiarism.org (Turnitin)
http://www.lib.umn.edu/help/calculator/
Assignment CalculatorAssignment Calculator
Assignment CalculatorAssignment Calculator
UMUCUMUC
UMUCUMUC
QuestionQuestionmarkmark Secure Secure
UTTC No Copy No PasteUTTC No Copy No Paste
http://sourceforge.net/projects/lmsnocopypaste
Policing ApproachPolicing Approach
SafeAssign & TurnItInSafeAssign & TurnItIn
UTSWMC eTBLASTUTSWMC eTBLAST
Stanford MOSSStanford MOSS
Check Your ClassCheck Your Class
Cheatability Rubric: http://www.uvsc.edu/disted/cheat/rubric.html
Check Your ClassCheck Your Class
Promoting Academic Integrity in Promoting Academic Integrity in the Online Classroom the Online Classroom
Connecticut Distance Learning ConsortiumConnecticut Distance Learning Consortium
Diane Goldsmith, Executive DirectorDiane Goldsmith, Executive Directordgoldsmith@ctdlc.orgdgoldsmith@ctdlc.org
(860) 832-3893(860) 832-3893