FAMILY HEALTH

PROMOTION

I KETUT SWARJANA, MPH-STIKES BALI

2015

Family• Legal:

– relationships through blood ties, adoption, guardianship, or marriage

• Biological:– genetic biological networks among people

• Sociological:– groups of people living together

• Psychological: – groups with strong emotional ties

Family (Burgess & Locke, 1953)

• The family is a group of persons united by ties of marriage, blood, or adoption, constituting a single household; interacting and communicating with each other in their respective social roles of husband and wife, mother and father, son and daughter, brother and sister; and creating and maintaining a common culture.

Family (Depkes RI,1998).

• Keluarga adalah unit terkecil darimasyarakat yang terdiri atas kepalakeluarga dan beberapa orang yang terkumpul yang tinggal di suatu tempatdibawah suatu atap dalam keadaansuatu ketergantungan

Family (WHO (1969)

• Keluarga adalah anggota rumahtangga yang saling berhubunganmelalui pertalian darah, adposi atauperkawinan.

Family (Bailon dan Maglaya, 1978)

• Keluarga adalah dua atau lebih individuyang hidup dalam satu rumah tanggakarena adanya hubungan darah, perkawinan atau adopsi. Merekasalaing berinteraksi satu dengan yang lain, mempunyai peran masing- masingden menciptakan sertamempertahankan suatu budaya

Family Health

• Family health is a dynamic changing state of well-being, which includes the biological, psychological, spiritual, sociological, and culture factors of individual members and the whole family system (Hanson, 2005)

• Families are primarily responsible for providing health and illness care, being a role model, teaching self-care and wellness behaviors, providing for care of members across their life course and during varied family transitions, and Supporting each other during health-promoting activities and acute and chronic illnesses.

Family Health

• Family health is more than the absence of disease in an individual family member or the absence of dysfunction in family dynamics.

• Rather, it is the complex process of negotiating and solving day to-day family life events and crises, and providing for a quality life for its members (Bomar, 2004a).

Family Health

Model of Family Health

1. Clinical model.

Examined from this perspective, a family is healthy if its members are free of physical, mental, and social dysfunction.

2. Role-performance model.

This view of family health is based on the idea that family health is the ability of family members to perform their routine roles and achieve developmental tasks.

3. Adaptive model

Families are adaptive if they have the ability to change and grow and possess the capacity to rebound quickly after a crisis.

4. Eudemonistic model

Efforts to maximize the family’s well-being and to support the entire family & individual members in reaching their greatest potential.

Model of Family Health

HEALTH PROMOTION

• HP is very important to maintain and improve health status of people.

• HP is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health degree. To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment (WHO, 2009)

HEALTH PROMOTION

• HP is the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health (O’Donnell, 1987)

HEALTH PROMOTION

• HP is the process of advocating health in

order to enhance the probability that

personal (individual, family and

community), private (professional and

business), and public (federal, state, and

local government) support of positive

health practices will become a social

norm (Kreuter & Devore, 1980).

HEALTH PROMOTION

• Families are primarily responsible for providing health and illness care, being a role model, teaching self-care and wellness behaviors, providing for care of members across their life course and during varied family transitions, and Supporting each other during health-promoting activities and acute and chronic illnesses.

Family Health Promotion

• Family health is more than the absence of disease in an individual family member or the absence of dysfunction in family dynamics.

• Rather, it is the complex process of negotiating and solving day to-day family life events and crises, and providing for a quality life for its members (Bomar, 2004a).

Family Health Promotion

Family Health Care Nursing

• Family health nursing is the process of providing for the health care needs of families that are within the scope of nursing practice.

• This nursing care can be aimed toward the family as context, the family as a whole, the family as a system or the family as a component of society (Hanson, 2005)

Family Health Promotion

• Family health promotion refers to the activities that families engage in to strengthen the family as a unit (Bomar, 2004a;

Loveland-Cherry & Bomar, 2004).

Family health promotion

• Family health promotion is achieving maximum family well-being throughout the family life course and includes the biological, emotional, physical, and spiritual realms for family members and the family unit (Bomar, 2004a; Loveland-Cherry

& Bomar, 2004).

• Health promotion is learned within families, and patterns of health behaviors are formed and passed on to the next generation.

Family Health Promotion

CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY FAMILY (Hanson, 2005)

• Unity– Commitment

– Time together

• Flexibility– Ability to deal with stress

– Spiritual well-being

• Communication– Positive Communication

– Appreciation & Affection

CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY FAMILY:

1. Unity

Commitment

• Trust traditions

• Respect for others

• Shared responsibility

• Support all family members

Time together

• Family rituals and traditions

• Enjoys each other’s company

• Leisure time together

• Shares simple & quality time

CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY FAMILY:

2. Flexibility

Ability to deal with stress

• Displays adaptability

• Crisis: as a challenge & opportunity

• Openness to change

• Grows together in crisis

• Seeks help with problems

Spiritual well-being

• Encourages hope

• Teaches compassion for others

• Ethical values

• Respects the privacy of one another

CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY FAMILY:

3. Communication

Positive Communication

• Communication well & listens to all members

• Family table time & conversation

• Shares feelings

• Non blaming attitude

• Compromise & disagree

• Agrees to disagree

Appreciation & Affection

• Cares for each other

• Exhibits a sense of humor

• Maintains friendship

• Respects individuality

• Spirit of humor

• Interact with each other

Family Health Promotion (Bomar,P.J., 2004a)

Model of the Health Promoting Family (Christensen, P.,2004)

THE TRANSTHEORITICAL MODEL/STAGES OF CHANGE

1. Pre contemplation– Not considering change

2. Contemplation– Aware of but not considering change soon

3. Preparation– Planning to act soon

4. Action– Has begun to make behavioral change

5. Maintenance– Continued commitment to behavior (long

term)

6. Relapse: Reverted to old behavior

Strategies of Health Promotion

• Passive– In active participation

– Or recipient

– Ex. Public health effort to maintain clean water and sanitary sewage

• Active– Personally involved in adopting a

proposed program of health promotion

– Ex. Daily exercises, stress management

Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion (Carole Lium Edelman, Carol Lynn Mandle, Elizabeth

C. Kudzma, 2013)

• Advocate

• Care manager

• Consultant

• Deliverer of services

• Educator

• Healer

• Researcher

TASK INVOLVED IN PLANNING A HEALTH EDUCATION (Clark M.J., 1999)

• Identifying the goal

• Developing objective

• Classifying objective

• Selecting and sequencing content

• Selecting teaching strategies

• Preparing materials

• Planning evaluation

CONSIDERATIONS IN IMPLEMANTING A HEALTH EDUCATION (Clark M.J., 1999)

• Focusing event

– A teaching strategy designed to attract attention to the topic

• Presentation content

– Actual presentation of planned content, encouraging learner participation as much as possible

• Summary

– Restatement and reinforcement of the most important points of the presentation

CONSIDERATIONS IN EVALUATING A HEALTH EDUCATION (Clark M.J., 1999)

• Formative evaluation– An evaluation conducted periodically

during the presentation to detect a need for immediate modification

• Outcome evaluation– Evaluating :determine whether stated

outcome objectives have been met

• Process evaluation– Evaluating the performance of the

community health nurse: established process objective

DEVELOPING HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMS

• Elements of HE programs (Backer, Rogers, & Sopory, 1992)

– Purpose

– Target

– Time

– Activity

Teaching strategies

• Case study

• Computer assisted instruction

• Demonstration

• Discussion

• Lecture

• Media

• Readings

• Return demonstration

• Role modeling

• Role playing

• Supervision

• Visual aids

The effects of programs can be arranged in a hierarchy (Backer, Rogers, & Sopory, 1992)

• Audience is ….

– Exposed to the health issue

– Aware of the issue

– Informed about an issue

– Persuaded with regard to the issue

– Intends to change behavior

– Change behavior

– Maintains behavior change

DEVELOPING HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMS

• Effectiveness of HE programs

– HE is an effective means of changing health behaviors