Post on 28-Jan-2015
description
Home automation, Digital signage and Smart Object using Android
www.udoo.orgMaurizio Caporali
Luca Pisani
Programming things with Android:
Mobile&Embedded Firenze
www.udoo.org
Programming things?!?
Douglas Engelbart
Xerox Alto
www.udoo.org
Developers are changing
Douglas Engelbart
Xerox Alto
Programming Things
Xerox Alto
Programming Desktop Computer
Programming Mobile Device
Prototyping Lab, FabLab, Hackathon
www.udoo.org
Computer Interaction is changing
Screen interaction
Interactive Things
Douglas Engelbart
Xerox Alto
www.udoo.org
Programming Things
Electronic Engineer, Mechanical Engineer, Computer
Engineer, ...
Douglas Engelbart
Xerox Alto
It’s a complex activity
*
Programming Things: rapid prototyping tools
Arduino
www.udoo.org
Open Source
Douglas Engelbart
Xerox Alto
How to create the interaction
Open Source Software
Linux
Android
Community
www.udoo.org
Open Hardware
How to create Physical Mock Up quickly
Douglas Engelbart
Xerox Alto
Arduino
CommunityOpen Source Hardware
Raspberry Pi3D Printing
www.udoo.org
Douglas Engelbart
Xerox Alto
Makers Revolution
Communities make this success real!
*
Arduino + Android: Android ADK
*
Applications
Ambient Devices
Home Automation
Smart Cities
Automotive
Urban Furniture
Digital Signage
Robot
www.udoo.org
What do you need?
+Android Smartphone/Tablet Arduino DUE
or
UDOO+ARM single board computer Arduino DUE
www.udoo.org
What’s UDOO?
UDOO is a mini PC that could run either
Android or Linux, with an Arduino-
compatible board embedded.
UDOO is a collective effort of a
multidisciplinary team spread between
North America and Europe, with expertise
in interaction design, embedded electronics
and sensor networks.
UDOO is a co-founded project by SECO
(www.seco.com) and Aidilab (www.aidilab.
com).
www.udoo.org
All-in-one solution
For the first time, a powerful ARM
cortex-A9 CPU for heavy tasks
with great performance, and a
dedicated ARM processor for the
GPIO are brought together in one
single board computer.
www.udoo.org
Arduino-compatible
UDOO is compatible with all the
sketches, tutorials and resources
available on the Arduino
community as well as all the
shields, sensors and actuators for
Arduino DUE available on the
market.
www.udoo.org
Open Source and Community
UDOO is a proper open source
project where both hardware
designs and software are open
source.
Community development support
Schematics, 2D/3D drawings,
Kernels and U-Boot sources are
available to the community in order
to improve and extend UDOO
capabilities and functionalities.
www.udoo.org
Android on UDOO
Android 4.2.2 Jelly Beans runs
smoothly on UDOO giving you all
the features of an Android device.
Apps interface with Arduino-
compatible embedded board
through Accessory Development
Kit (ADK) connection for building
accessories and smart devices
based on Android.
www.udoo.org
Android on UDOO
• Android Jelly Beans 4.2.2 AOSP• up-to-date ASAP• GAPPS could be installed: http://www.
udoo.org/guide-how-to-install-gapps-on-udoo-running-android/
www.udoo.org
Program Arduino App for UDOO
To program UDOO under Android we need the standard
tools:
● Eclipse + ADT plugin
● Android SDK Tools
● Android Platform-tools
We also need:● Arduino IDE 1.5.4● UDOO patch for Arduino IDE (bossac programmer)
www.udoo.org
UDOO Overview
● Android 4.2.2 runs on Freescale i.Mx6 (dual or quad core - 1 GB)
● UDOO is equipped with micro Atmel SAM3X, the same of Arduino Due
● They are connected through bus USB OTG
● We program the two CPUs separately using Android SDK and Arduino IDE
www.udoo.org
UDOO Overview OTG - bus
● To allow the communication between Android and the SAM3X the ADK protocol is needed. A set of libraries that authorize Android to communicate with an external accessory.
● It's basically a bidirectional stream of data between the two parts
● Usually to communicate, install applications and debug the ADB protocol is used through the USB OTG port on the android device.
● Also the microcontroller communicates using the OTG bus
www.udoo.org
UDOO Overview OTG - bus switch
The i.Mx6 processor can be connected with:● the external USB port (debug app Android)● the SAM3X microcontroller (usage)It’s possible to switch via software between the 2 options
www.udoo.org
Programming Arduino
We need to program SAM3X microcontroller with Arduino IDE downloadable from arduino.cc
The Sketches have a standard structure, we only need to add a library for OTG communication.
We program the SAM3X through microUSB serial port.
www.udoo.org
AndroidManifest.xml
● Include a <uses-feature> element that declares that your application uses the accessory feature.
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.usb.accessory" />
● Declare min(12) e target(17) SDK version
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="15" android:targetSdkVersion="17" />
www.udoo.org
AndroidManifest.xml
● If you want your application to be notified of an attached USB accessory, specify an <intent-filter> and<meta-data>
<activity
……
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.hardware.usb.action.USB_ACCESSORY_ATTACHED" />
</intent-filter>
<meta-data android:name="android.hardware.usb.action.USB_ACCESSORY_ATTACHED"
android:resource="@xml/accessory_filter" />
</activity>
www.udoo.org
accessory_filter.xml
In the XML resource file, declare <usb-accessory> elements for the accessories that you want to filter. Each<usb-accessory> can have the following attributes:● manufacturer● model● version
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<usb-accessory manufacturer="Aidilab" model="UDOO_ADK" version="1.0" />
</resources>
www.udoo.org
Activity.javaThe package you need to import is android.hardware.usb. This contain the classes to support the accessory mode
import android.hardware.usb.UsbAccessory;
import android.hardware.usb.UsbManager;
Here is a summary of the relevant code for handling USB connections:
mUSBManager = (UsbManager) getSystemService(Context.USB_SERVICE);
...
UsbAccessory acc = (UsbAccessory)intent.getParcelableExtra(UsbManager.
EXTRA_ACCESSORY);
www.udoo.org
Activity.javaTo explicitly obtain permission, first create a broadcast receiver. This receiver listens for the intent that gets broadcast when you call requestPermission(). The call to requestPermission() displays a dialog to the user asking for permission to connect to the accessory
private final BroadcastReceiver mUsbReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if (ACTION_USB_PERMISSION.equals(action)) {
synchronized (this) {
UsbAccessory accessory = (UsbAccessory)intent.getParcelableExtra(UsbManager.EXTRA_ACCESSORY);
if (intent.getBooleanExtra(
UsbManager.EXTRA_PERMISSION_GRANTED, false)) {
openAccessory(accessory);
} else {
Log.d(TAG, "permission denied for accessory "+ accessory);
}
mPermissionRequestPending = false;
}
}
www.udoo.org
Activity.java
To register the broadcast receiver, put this in your onCreate() method in your activity:
mPermissionIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0, new Intent
(ACTION_USB_PERMISSION), 0);
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(ACTION_USB_PERMISSION);
registerReceiver(mUsbReceiver, filter);
To display the dialog that asks users for permission to connect to the accessory, call the requestPermission() method:
mUsbManager.requestPermission(accessory,mPermissionIntent);
www.udoo.org
Activity.java
To communicate with the accessory you need a file descriptor to set up input and output streams to read and write data:
private void openAccessory(UsbAccessory accessory) {
mFileDescriptor = mUsbManager.openAccessory(accessory);
if (mFileDescriptor != null) {
mAccessory = accessory;
FileDescriptor fd = mFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor();
mInputStream = new FileInputStream(fd);
mOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(fd);
}
}
www.udoo.org
Activity.java
We use the output and input stream to send and receive messages to the Arduino processors of UDOO.
byte[] message = new byte[1];
message[0] = (byte)1;
mOutputStream.write(message);
...
byte[] buffer = new byte[4];
running = true;
ret = mInputStream.read(buffer);
www.udoo.org
Programming Arduino
To program SAM3X we need to download Arduino IDE based on Processing project.
Arduino programming language is based on C / C++ with specific objects that provides main arduino’s functions.
It provides an interface with the microcontroller low level C programming language.
It allows to avoid “unfriendly” low level difficulties (write or read registers, manage signals timings, non objects).
www.udoo.org
Programming Arduino
Arduino sketches have a defined structure based on two main functions:- void setup()- void loop()
Setup method is executed at the beginning of the sketch, and it’s used to initialize objects.
Loop method is executed continuously after first setup execution. It contains the core of the code.
www.udoo.org
Programming Arduino
Example for blinkin LED: int led = 13;
void setup() {
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(led, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}
www.udoo.org
Arduino .ino
The accessory code must make a few calls to initialize USB connectivity, including setting the accessory identification strings:
char descriptionName[] = "UDOOAndroidADKDemo";
char modelName[] = "UDOO_ADK";
char manufacturerName[] = "Aidilab";
char versionNumber[] = "1.0";
char serialNumber[] = "1";
char url[] = "http://www.udoo.org";
USBHost Usb;
ADK adk(&Usb, manufacturerName, modelName, descriptionName, versionNumber, url, serialNumber);
www.udoo.org
Arduino .ino
read data from Android App into buffer:
void loop(){
uint8_t bufRead[BUFSIZE];
uint32_t nbread = 0;
uint8_t bufWrite[1];
if (adk.isReady()) {
adk.read(&nbread, BUFSIZE, buf); // read data into buf array
if (nbread > 0) {
... // do stuff
www.udoo.org
Arduino .ino
write data to Android App:
void loop(){
uint8_t bufWrite[BUFSIZE];
...
...
adk.write(sizeof(bufWrite), (uint8_t *)bufWrite);
www.udoo.org
Android ADK useful links
● Android ADK Documentation
http://developer.android.
com/guide/topics/connectivity/usb/accessory.html
http://developer.android.com/tools/adk/adk2.html
● Toolkit to help beginners to be up and running with ADK 2012:
https://github.com/palazzem/adk-toolkitby Emanuele Palazzetti (GDG Perugia)
www.udoo.org
Arduino Resources & Community
Downloads:http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Softwarehttp://www.udoo.org/downloads/
Resources:http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePagehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage
Community:http://forum.arduino.cc/more… more.. and more
www.udoo.org
Community: www.udoo.org
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