Production technology of berseem

Submitted to: Dr. Farhan Khalid Submitted By: M.Abdullah Shaukat (B38) M. Razaullah Tariq (B34) Awon Muhammad (B35) UCA & ES I.U.B

Botanical discription:

Common Name: Berseem English Name: Egyptian Clover Scientific Name: Trifolium alexandrium Other Spp. White clover Subterranean clover Red clover Crimson clover Family: Leguminoceae (Fabaceae)

Berseem: is an annual, hairy, erect forage

legume. 30 to 80 cm high. shallow taproot system. stems are hollow, branching at the

base, with alternate leaves. Flowers are yellowish-white.

Origin & History: Berseem probably originated in Syria. It was introduced into Egypt in the 6th

century. into India in the 19th century into Pakistan, South Africa, the USA

and Australia in the 20th century.

Climate: Requires cool temperature specially during germination and early growth period.

Soil: Requires well drained medium to heavy soils.Can be grown in alkaline soil.

Climate and soil:

Cultural Practices:Sowing Time: Oct-Nov irrigated areas

Seedbed preparation:

•Land is deep ploughed(3-4 ploughing). •Flat beds are prepared.

Seed Rate: 20-25 kg/ha.

Method of Sowing:

•Broadcasting in standing water•Drilling

Fertilizer Rate: (N:P:K) 22:115:00

Weeding: Two hand weeding at 30 days interval.

Rotation: Rice-Berseem-RiceCotton-Berseem

Irrigations: 3-4 irrigations after the interval of 10-15 days.

.

Harvesting Time: Mid December-Mid May

Yield: 20-25 tons/ha.

Varieties: Joe Burton Saidi Serw 3Tabor

Insect Pests: White Fly Aphid Dusky bug Cutworm Thrips Leaf minor