Producing Enough Food for the World:

Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e

Chapter 11Producing Enough Food

for the World: How Agriculture Depends

on Environment

Rangeland: Provides food for grazing and browsing animals without plowing and planting

Pasture: Plowed, planted and harvested to provide forage for animals

Aquaculture

• Aquaculture– The farming of food in aquatic habitats

• Mariculture– The farming of ocean fish

Six Ways Agroecosystems Differ from Natural Ecosystems

1. Try to stop ecological succession and keep the agroecosystem in an early successional state

2. Monoculture: Large areas planted with a single species

3. Crops are planted in neat rows4. Farming greatly simplifies biological diversity5. Plowing is unlike any natural soil disturbance6. Genetic modification of crops.

Limiting Factors• Limiting Factor: The single requirement for growth

available in the least supply in comparison to the need of an organism

2 Types of Life-Important Chemicals1. Macronutirents2. Micronutirents

Synergistic Effects: a change in availability of one resource affects the response of an organism to some other resource

Increasing the Yield per Acre

1. The Green Revolution- Programs that have led to the development

of new strains of crops with higher yields, better resistance to disease or better ability to grow under poor conditions

2. Improved Irrigation

Organic Farming

3 Qualities1. It is more like natural ecosystems than

monocultures2. It minimizes negative environmental impacts3. The food that results from it does not contain

artificial compounds

Genetically Modified Food: Biotechnology, Farming and

Environment

• Genetically Modified Crops are modified by genetic engineers to produce higher crop yields and increase resistance to drought, cold, heat, toxins, plant pests and disease.

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