Problems Faced at some Field Installations Problems Faced at some Field Installations at the IMS Infrasound Stationsat the IMS Infrasound Stations

Infrasound Workshop – Tokyo – November 2007

Stefi StefanovaInstallation and Certification Group

IMS Division - CTBTO

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Solutions • Upgrade • Engineering re-design

Problems• Deterioration due to natural causes • Change of the design• Logistics

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems

Solutions

Plan of the PresentationPlan of the Presentation

Installation and Certification• IMS Infrasound Network • Diverse Environments• Array Design and Installation

Problems• Deterioration due to natural causes • Change of the design• Logistics

Installation and Certification• IMS Infrasound Network • Diverse Environments• Array Design and Installation

Solutions • Upgrade • Engineering re-design

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems

Solutions

Future Development

Installation and CertificationInstallation and Certification

IMS Infrasound Stations:IMS Infrasound Stations:

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems

Solutions

The IMS Infrasound NetworkThe IMS Infrasound Network

Certified Stations Stations under Construction/Negotiations Not Started

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems

Solutions

Different Environmental ConditionsDifferent Environmental Conditions

IS47 South Africa

IS55 Antarctica

IS04 Australia

IS52 BIOT

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems

Solutions

Components of an Infrasound StationComponents of an Infrasound Station

Pipe Array

Battery Vault

Equipment Vault

Antenna Tower

Battery Vault

Top View

Side View

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems

Solutions

Components of an Infrasound StationComponents of an Infrasound Station

Pipe ArrayPipe Array

Battery Battery VaultVault

Equipment VaultEquipment Vault

Antenna TowerAntenna Tower

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems

Solutions

Wind-Noise Reducing Pipe ArrayWind-Noise Reducing Pipe Array

Above ground array Buried array

Galvanized Iron pipesStainless steel pipes

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems

Solutions

Equipment VaultsEquipment Vaults

Metal Plastic Concrete

Above Ground Vaults – Protected Plastic Boxes

Underground Vaults

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems

Solutions

Power Supply at the stationsPower Supply at the stations

• Mains Power• Solar Panels• Thermo-electrical generator• Hybrid systems

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems

Solutions

Future Development

Common ProblemsCommon Problems

Field Installations:Field Installations:

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems• Natural Causes• Design / Actions• Logistics

Solutions

CorrosionCorrosion

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems• Natural Causes• Design / Actions• Logistics

Solutions

Groundwater Intrusion / Surface WaterGroundwater Intrusion / Surface Water

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems• Natural Causes• Design / Actions• Logistics

Solutions

Mass Movement / Landslides Mass Movement / Landslides

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems• Natural Causes• Design / Actions• Logistics

Solutions

Expansive SoilsExpansive Soils

Hydro-expansion and Hydro-compaction

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems• Natural Causes• Upgrades/Noise• Logistics

Solutions

Problematic Post-Certification Problematic Post-Certification Modifications Modifications

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems• Natural Causes• Upgrades/Noise• Logistics

Solutions

Infrasound Noise from Wind GeneratorsInfrasound Noise from Wind Generators

Spectrogram

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems• Natural Causes• Upgrades/Noise• Logistics

Solutions

Access / Transport Access / Transport

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems

Solutions

Future Development

Some ExamplesSome Examples

Solutions:Solutions:

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems• Natural Causes• Upgrades/Noise• Logistics

Solutions

Evade the Corrosion Evade the Corrosion

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems• Natural Causes• Upgrades/Noise• Logistics

Solutions

Adapted Pipe Arrays Adapted Pipe Arrays

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems• Natural Causes• Upgrades/Noise• Logistics

Solutions

Power and Transmission Boxes Power and Transmission Boxes

Battery Vault Battery Vault

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems• Natural Causes• Upgrades/Noise• Logistics

Solutions

Prefabricated Vaults Prefabricated Vaults

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Introduction

Installation and Certification

Problems• Natural Causes• Upgrades/Noise• Logistics

Solutions

Some Visitors … Some Visitors …

IS14 Chile IIS11 Cape Verde

IS50 Ascension

IS35 Namibia

Infrasound WorkshopTokyo 2007

Thank youThank you