Post on 30-Mar-2019
RECLAMATION AND REVEGETATION (AFTER COAL MINING OPERATION)
(PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION )
Dr. Yadi Setiadi
Dr. Yadi Setiadi Mined Land Rehabilitation Specialist Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University Kampus IPB, Darmaga, Bogor ysetiad55@gmail.com. 08111102302
Tropical Rain Forest Function
Conserve soil and water Supporting biodiversity Natural resources Control climatic conditions Water cycle processes Carbon sequestration Genetic resources Habitat for flora and fauna
Illegal logging Forest fires Agriculture
development Timber plantations Estate crops
plantations Shifting cultivation Transmigration Mining Operations
Character Degraded Mined Land
Loss of vegetation Disturbed ecosystem Erosion and run-off (sedimentation,
contamination) Reduce native species biodiversity Damages to wildlife habitat Damages of watershed area Changes natural landscape
Exposed
Loss of root and crown function No vegetation
Loss of supporting biodiversity No top soil and sub-soil
Loss of land productivity Land stability
Land slides and erosion Poor soil
poor survival and poor growth performance
Government Regulation for Mined Land Reclamation and Revegetation
FORESTRY DEPT
NO change the structure and function of the forest Conduct reclamation and reforestation Protect the forest from illegal logging, and land occupancy
ENVIRONMENTAL DEPT Conduct mitigation measures for the significant impacts :
(contamination of heavy metals, aggressive occupation of alien species) Minimize forest destruction (foot print) Conduct Biological conservation
ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES DEPT Land stability and Erosion control Develop planning for reclamation and mine closure
Successful Standard Criteria for Reclamation and Revegetation
No. Kegiatan Reklamasi / Obyek Kegiatan Parameter Rencana Standar Keberhasilan Pelaksanaan
1. Luas area yang ditata (Ha) > 80 %2. Stabilitas timbunan (%) tidak ada longsoran1. Luas area yang ditimbun (Ha) > 80 %2. Stabilitas timbunan (%) tidak ada longsoran1. Luas area yang ditebar (Ha) > 75 %2. pH tanah 5 - 6 1. Saluran drainase (%) tidak terjadi erosi2. Bangunan pengendali erosi (%) tidak terjadi alur erosi3. Kolam pengendap sedimen (%) sesuai BML
1. Pengelolaan material (% Volume) sesuai rencana2. Pengelolaan AAT (%) sesuai BML1. Luas area penanaman (Ha) > 80 %2. Jenis tanaman sesuai rencana - Cover crop sesuai rencana - Fast growing sesuai rencana - Tanaman lokal sesuai rencana3. Pertumbuhan tanaman (%) > 80 %
a. Penutupan tajuk > 80 %1. Pemupukan sesuai kebutuhan2. Pengendalian gulam, hama&penyakit sesuai kebutuhan3. Penyulaman sesuai kebutuhan
b. Penimbunan kembali lahan bekas tambang
d. Pengendalian erosi dan pengelolaan air
b. Penanaman
b. Pemeliharaan
Revegetasi dan Pekerjaan Sipil
Penyelesaian Akhir
1.
2.
3.
c. Penebaran tanah zona pengakaran
a. Pengelolaan material pembangkit AAT
a. Penataan permukaan lahan
Penatagunaan Lahan
Acuan PerMenESDM No.07 Tahun 2014
Standard Criteria for Revegetation success
a. Pengisian kembali lubang bekas tambang > 80% sesuai rencana sesuai document b. Luas areal yang ditata > 80% sesuai rencana sesuai document
c. Kestabilan longsor (< 5%) tidak ada longsoran presentase kejadian longsor
d. Penaburan tanah pucuk > 80% > 75% sesuai document e. pH Tanah - - - > 5-6 sesuai analisis tanah
a. Bangunan konservasi tanah ≥ 90% tidak terjadi erosi - Jumlah fisik bangunan sesuai document - - - - Kondisi bangunan berfungsi - - - b. Penanaman cover crop > 80% sesuai rencana sesuai document c. Erosi dan sedimentasi erosi ≤ 5% tidak terjadi erosi persentase luas erosi d. Pengelolaan Material Pembangkit AAT - - - - - - - - Pengelolaan Material - - - sesuai rencana sesuai document - Kolam Pengendap Sedimen - - - kualitas air sesuai BML pH, TSS, Al, Fe, Mn
a. Luas penanaman > 80 % > 80 % sesuai document b. Persentase tumbuh > 80 % > 80% secara sampling c. Jumlah tanaman ≥ 625 phn/Ha sesuai document sesuai document d. Komposisi jenis jenis lokal ≥ 40% Tanaman lokal ≥ 40% sesuai document - Tanaman fast growing - - - sesuai rencana Model 1 {hanya Pioner (Lokal Potensial)} - Tanaman lokal - - - sesuai rencana Model 2 {Pioneer dan Primer (lokal)} e. Kesehatan tanaman > 80 % > 80% secara sampling f. Penutupan tajuk - - - > 80% secara sampling
g. Pemeliharaan - - - sesuai kebutuhanpemupukan ; pengendalian gulma,
hama&penyakit ; penyulaman
Penataaan Permukaan Lahan
Pengendalian Erosi dan Sedimentasi
Revegetasi
No.PerMenESDM N0. 07 Tahun 2014
Standar keberhasilan M TM
Checklist : M = Memenuhi ; TM = Tidak Memenuhi1
Saluran drainase, checkdam, beronjong, turap, dll. (Kesesuaian dalam jumlah
dan spesifikasi) & fungsi
2
3
Keterangan TMStandar keberhasilan
Kriteria / Indikator / ParameterPerMenHut No. 60 Tahun 2009
M
Planning Consideration
Land conditions
(derelict) Status of forest function (Forestry or APL )
Government regulations (Revegetation Planning, Guide line, Criteria)
Post mining land use (multi stakeholde, AMDAL)
Planting strategies Setiadi.Yadi. 2012
FIELD SURVEY
Trees species selection and propagation • Suitable, potential local
species, regulasi
Nursery and Planting stock • Planting size, seedling
quality, compacted and activated root
Land-reconstruction and site preparation • Land stabilization, leveling , top
soiling, and prevent erosion,
Soil amendments • Balance nutrients,
improve CEC, Bio-organic, control toxic
Planting techniques • Timing , root ball
position • Planting Model
Maintenance • Re-panting, re-
fertilizer, weeding, Lateral root manipulation
Monitoring and Evaluation • Schedule, data collection, reporting, frequency
and improvement • Practical-Guideline and SOP
Setiadi.Yadi. 2012
01) Species Selection
Complying Regulation
• Composition : Shaded trees, Main tress, MPTS, Conservation tress and endanger (protected tress)
Planting Design • To minimize the competition effect • To arrange for beauty performance
Adapted on soil and environmental Conditions • Approved can be survive on certain condition
The planting stocks • The number of species are available • Seedling planting stock available
02) Nursery, Seedling Quality and Transportation
Nursery conditions affected on seedling quality :
• Light intensity • Temperature , Humidity, and air
circulation • Water quality
Seedling quality • Medium composition • Healthy performance • Root ball compaction
Seedling Transportation • Transfer from nursery to field • Seedling placement in the field
• Planting operation
Nursery 03) Potential Gully Erosion and Exposed OB
Potential Impact :
Exposed OB and Generated AMD Physically destroying plants
Control gully erosion :
• Filled up top soil • Establish trenching • Planting LCC
Nursery 04). Soil Compaction and Water Log
Content silt and clay Water permeability Root not well develop Tress performance :
Yellowish, stagnant
Solution : Pre-soil analysis Vertical ripping, LRM (Lateral Root Manipulation) Select adaptive species
05)Top Soiling Problems
Top soil thickness <10cm
Soil compacted Eroded
• Accelerate gully development • Exposed to compacted clay
and toxic materials • Plant performances
– Stagnant – Dying – Costly for repairing – Can not meet standard
Nursery 06) Over Shaded Condition
Effect over shaded : Main tress meranti are dying Condition is not condusive for
natural colonization Lack for biodiversity development
Improvement : Improve light condition by teres
treaments
6) Species Selection
Complying Regulation
• Composition : Shaded trees, Main tress, MPTS, Conservation tress and endanger (protected tress)
Planting Design • To minimize the competition effect • To arrange for beauty performance
Adapted on soil and environmental Conditions • Approved can be survive on certain condition
The planting stocks • The number of species are available • Seedling planting stock available
8) Soil Problems
Soil compaction Water log Low in pH and Soil toxic
• (Al and Phyrite)
Lack of soil macro and micro
Un-balance nutrients ( Ca and Mg)
9) Planting Operation and Maitenance
Seedling transportation • Sources of plant failure • Temporary seedling nurse
Planting operation • Ensure seedling healthy • Step Planting operation
– Planting hole – Based fertilizer – Planting
– Maintenance
10) Tress Maintenance and Monitoring
Maintenance • Re-planting • Weeding • Fertilizer • Pest-control
Monitoring • Evaluate plant survival • Evaluate plant performance
Thank you !!
Good and Responsible Mine Closure
PT. Akar Langitbumi Cyber 2 Tower, 18th Floor JL.H.R Rasuna Said Blok x-5 kav 13 Jakarta 12950 Indonesia EMAIL : pt.aarlangitbumi@gmail.com Phone : +62-2170521925, 08111102302
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