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E P T R I - E N V I S N e w s l e t t e r
Printed Matter
Volume - 9 Issue-1 January - March 2015
ENVIS CENTRE ON STATUS OF ENVIRONMENT AND RELATED ISSUES FOR ANDHRA PRADESH
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION TRAINING & RESEARCH INSTITUTE
91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500 032, India.Ph: +91-40-23180120, 23180115, Fax: +91-40-23180135
Website - http //apenvis.nic.inEmail : ap@envis.nic.in / envis@eptri.com
:
Paryavaranam
Status of Environment & Related Issues for Andhra Pradesh ISSN: 0974-2344
EPTRI
Sponsored by: Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India
: EPTRI-ENVIS NewsletterParyavaranam Vol.9, No.1, 2015
Page No.
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Published by
EPTRI, Hyderabad
Supported by
Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India
New Delhi, India.
Dr. M. Suneela,
Mrs. M. Prashanthi,
Mr. Md. Khader,
ENVIS Coordinator
Sr. Program Officer
Data Entry Operator
Content
ENVIS Team
ENVIS Coordinator
Noise is derived from the Latin word “nausea” meaning “unwanted sound or sound that is loud or un pleasant. The noise measurements are expressed as Sound Presure Level (SPL).
The Noise Pollution (Regulation Control) Rules, 2000 has given noise limits for different areas. Noise equality is also effected by the fireworks during Diwali Festival. In the present scenario, Diwali is celebrated by bursting crackers fire works, which increases the pollution load in terms of air and noise quality.
Editorial
A training program on
for NICMAR (PGP HSEM) was organized by EPTRI, Hyderabad.
th ndduring 30 March to 2 April, 2015
at EPTRI, Hyderabad.
“Environmental Pollution Monitoring”
At EPTRI, Hyderabad
NICMAR Students Training Program at EPTRI, Hyderabad
Editorial National Evaluation Meeting ofENVIS Centres
NICMAR Students Training Program
Noise Pollution
Swine Flu
ENVIS Activities
Forth Coming Events
Shri B. Kalyan Chakravarthy, IAS has taken
over charge as Director General, EPTRI on
25-02-2015. He held various positions in the
Government of Assam and the Government of
India, Department of Agriculture, Finance,
Revenue, Urban Development Administration,
Food & Public Distribution. Consumer Affairs
The Nat ional Evaluat ion Meet ing for Environmental Information System (ENVIS) Centre of Southern Region was held at
th thCoimbatore, Tamilnadu on February 5 and 6 2015 for evaluating the performance of ENVIS Centres. A Presentation of ENVIS Centre activities was made by &
ENVIS Coordinator Dr. M. Suneela Mrs. M. Prashanthi, Senior Program Officer.
National Evaluation Meeting of ENVIS Centres - 2015
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Noise Pollution
Source of Noise Pollution
: EPTRI-ENVIS NewsletterParyavaranam Vol.9, No.1, 2015
Noise is derived from the Latin word “nausea” meaning 'unwanted sound' or sound that is loud,
unpleasant or unexpected. Noise is usually classified as Occupational noise (i.e. noise in work place) or as
environmental noise, which includes noise from traffic, playgrounds, sports, music etc (Concha
Barrientos et.al, 2004). The noise measurements are expressed as Sound Pressure Level (SPL), which is
logarithmic ratio of the sound pressure to a reference pressure. The international reference pressure of 2 x -510 Pa is the average threshold of hearing for a healthy ear. Noise can affect human ear because of its
loudness and frequency (pitch).
The World Health Organization (WHO) states that night noise exposure causes self reported sleep
disturbance and noise induced sleep disturbance is viewed as a health problem. (Table 1).
Table.1: WHO Community Noise Guidance
Environment Critical Health Effect Sound Level Time
dB (A) (hours)
Outdoor living area Annoyance 50-55 16
Indoor dwellings Speech intelligibility 35 16
Bed rooms Sleep disturbance 30 8
School Classrooms Disturbance of 35 During class
communication
Industrial Commercial Hearing impairment 70 24
and traffic areas
Music through ear Hearing impairment 85 1
phones
Ceremonies and Hearing impairment 100
entertainmentSource: http: www.consultnet.ie
Loud Speakers
Air Crafts
Trains
Road Traffic
Household Source
Sources of Noise
Pollution
DefenceEquipments
AgriculturalMachines
ConstructionWorks
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: EPTRI-ENVIS NewsletterParyavaranam Vol.9, No.1, 2015
Noise Measurement and Noise Standards
The Ambient Noise level can be monitored with the help of Sound Level Meter.
As per IS: 4758 – 1968. Noise levels are measured for 24 hours on hourly basis and expressed in decibel, dB (A). The Noise Pollution (Regulation and control) Rules, 2000 has given noise limits for different areas and the Noise Pollution (Regulations and Control) Rules, 2000 is an amendment made by Government of India in the year 2010. The Noise standards are shown in Table-2.
Day time means 6 am to 10 pm and Night time means 10 pm to 6 am. dB (A) Leq means time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on a scale A, which is associated to the human earshot/hearing.
Table 2: Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise Limits in dB (A) Leq
Figure : 1 Monthly Ambient Noise Levels in Abids (Commercial area)
Figure : 3 Ambient Noise Levels in Jubliee Hills (Residential area)
Figure : 5 Ambient Noise Levels in Zoo Park (Silence zone)
Figure : 4 Ambient Noise Levels in Punjaguta (Commercial area )
A Industrial 75 70
B Commercial 65 55
C Residential 55 45
D Silence zone 50 40
Area Code Category of Day time Day time Area
Sources: http://cpcb.nic.in
Figure : 2 Ambient Noise Levels in Jeedimetla (Industrial area)
The study shows that the monthly ambient noise
levels at all the site were found to be exceeding
the prescribed standards limits of CPCB. The
noise level showed a significant variation during
day and night time.
: EPTRI-ENVIS NewsletterParyavaranam Vol.9, No.1, 2015
Noise Pollution during Diwali
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Diwali is a festival of lights that is celebrated with
great enthusiasm all over India during the month
of October or November (Onset of winter).
Burning of firecrackers and illumination is a
symbol of joy and prosperity. Earlier earthen
lamps were used and the celebration was eco-
friendly, where as with the growing civilization
and introduction of new fireworks in the market,
the mode of celebration is harming the
environment.
fireworks during Diwali festival.
In the present scenario, Diwali is celebrated by
bursting crackers and fire works, which increase
the pollution load in terms of air and noise
quality. Fire works contain chemical species
such as sodium oxalate, aluminium, arsenic,
sulphur, manganese, iron dust powder,
potassium perchlorate, strontium nitrate and
barium nitrate (Ravindra et at, 2003). The
various effects of components and by products
fireworks are given in Table 3.
Noise quality is also affected by the
Toxic Element Fireworks Usage Toxic effect of fall out dust and fumes S.No
1 Aluminum Brilliant Whites Contact dermatitis bioaccumulation
2.
3.
Antimony Sulfide Glitter effects Toxic smoke possible carcinogen
Arsenic compounds Used as Colorants
5.
6.
Toxic ash can cause lung cancer, skin irritation and wart formation
4. Barium Nitrate Glittering greens Poisonous, fumes can irritate respiratory tract. Possible radioactive fallout
Copper Compounds Blues Polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzo furans can bioaccumulate Cancer risk.
Hexachlorobenzene Use was supposed Persistent environmental toxin. Is a to be banned globally carcinogen, mutagen and a reproductive
hazard.
7. Lead dioxide / Oxidizer Bioaccumulation, developmental danger for Nitrate / Chloride kids and unborn babies, may remain airborne
for days poisonous to plants and animals.
8. Lithium Compounds Blazing reds Toxic and irritating fumes when burned9. Mercury Chlorine donor Toxic heavy metal can bio accumulate
(Mercurous Chloride)10. Nitric Oxide Fire works by product Toxic by inhalation is a free radical
11. Nitrogen dioxide Fire works by product Highly toxic by inhalation
12. Ozone Fire works by product Green house gas that attacks and irritates lungs13. Perchlorate – Propellant / oxidizer Can contaminate ground and surface waters, can
Ammonium and cause thyroid problems in humans and animalsPotassium
14. Potassium Nitrate Black powder Toxic dusts, carcinogenic sulfur – coal compounds
15. Strontium Blazind reds` Can replace calcium in body. Strontium chloride Compounds is slightly toxic.
16. Sulphur dioxide Gaseous by product Acid rain from Sulphuric acid affects water
of Sulphur combustion sources, vegetation and causes property damage.
Source: Chirag Verma & Dhananjay K. Deshmukh, 2014
The noise levels monitored by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) during Diwali 2011, 2012
2013 and 2014 at five places in Hyderabad city are depicted in figure 6. The below figure shows the noise
level values for Abids, Jeedimetla, Jubliee Hills ,Zoo Park and Punjagutta .
data
Table. 3 : Effect of Various Component and By - Products of Fireworks
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: EPTRI-ENVIS NewsletterParyavaranam Vol.9, No.1, 2015
Figure No. 6: Noise Levels during Diwali in Hyderabad
Source: CPCB Press release, Real time noise levels, in 07 Metro cities during Deepawali 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014
Do’s
Always maintain your motor vehicle and its exhaust silencer in proper condition
Ensure that your Diesel Generator Set is provided with acoustic enclosure which gives a reduction of a minimum 25 dBA (as per the provisions of the Govt. of India notification GSR 371(E), dated May 17,2002.
Ask for copy of valid type approval certificate from the dea le r wh i l e purchas ing por tab le petrol/kerosene generator sets (as per Govt. of India notification viz. GSR 742(E), dated September 25, 2000, which prescribes noise standards for petrol/kerosene generator sets).
Keep the volume of the loudspeaker or sound amplification system low so as not to annoy your neighbours .
Ensure that the sound from your music system is played at volume which does not disturb your neigbhours
Play fire-crackers only outdoors in large open areas and community level.
Purchase only those fire-crackers that comply the noise standards as provided by the Govt. of India regulation GSR 682(E), dated October 5, 1999.
Don’t’s
Avoid using horns except at emergencies
Avoid use of multi toned/air horns in your vehicle.
Do not install Diesel Generator Sets without prior approval of the competent authority, if required by local laws
Avoid use of loudspeaker in the open
Do not use loudspeaker or any sound amplification system between 10:00 P.M. and 6:00 A.M., except in closed premises
Do not make your neighbour a captive listener to your music system.
Do not play fire-crackers between 10:00 P.M. to 6:00 A.M.
Sources: http://cpcb.nic.in
* Data not available.
: EPTRI-ENVIS NewsletterParyavaranam Vol.9, No.1, 2015
6
1.Concha. Barrientos, M.Campbell – Lendrum,
D. and Steenland, K 2004. Occupational Noise,
Assessing the Burden of Disease from work –
Related Hearing Impairment at National and
Local Levels. Environmental Burden of Disease
Series, No.9, World Health Organization
Protection of the Human Environment ,
Geneva: 1.
2.Ravindra . K , Mor S. , Kaushik CP. 2003 Short
term variation in air quality associated with fire
work events: a case study J. Env. Monit. S; 260 –
264.
3.Chirag Verma and Dhananjay K. Deshmukh .
2014 The ambient and noise quality in India
during diwali festival : A Review. Recent
Research in Science and Technology 2014, 6 (1);
203- 210.
4. CPCB Press release, Real time noise levels, in
07 Metro cities during Deepawali 2011, 2012,
2013 and 2014
References
The average noise level during the day time were
73.09 dB at Abids.
Noise Standards for Fire-Crackers
(The Noise standards for fire-crackers were
notified by the Environment (Protection) (Second
Amendment) Rules, 1999 vide G.S.R.682(E), th
dated the 5 October, 1999 and inserted as serial
no. 89 of Schedule I of the Environment
(Protection) Rules, 1986. Subsequently these
Rules were amended by the Environment
(Protection) Second Amendment Rules, 2006 vide thG.S.R. 640(E), dated the 16 October, 2006,
under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986)
A (i) The manufacture, sale or use of fire-
crackers generating noise level exceeding
125 dB(AI) or 145 dB(C)pk at 4 meters
distance from the point of bursting shall
be prohibited.
(ii)For individual fire-cracker constituting
the series (joined fire- crackers), the above
mentioned limit be reduced by 5 log10
(N) dB, where N = number of crackers
joined together.
B The broad requirements for measurement
of noise from fire-crackers shall be-
(i) The measurements shall be made on a
hard concrete surface of minimum 5 meter
diameter or equivalent.
(ii)The measurements shall be made in
free field conditions i.e., there shall not be
any reflecting surface upto 15 meter
distance from the point of bursting.
(iii)The measurement shall be made with
an approved sound level meter.
C The Department of Explosives shall
ensure implementation of these
standards.
D The fire-crackers for the purpose of export
shall be exempted from the sub-
paragraphs A, B and C above, subject to
the compliance of the following
conditions, namely:-
(i) The manufacturer shall have an export
order;
(ii) The fire-crackers shall conform to the
level prescribed in the country to which
it is exported;
(iii) They shall have a different packing
colour code, and
(iv) There shall be a declaration on the box
“not for sale in India” or “only for export
other countries.”
Note: dB(AI): A-weighted impulse Sound
Pressure Level in decibel
dB(C)pk: C-weighted Peak Sound
Pressure Level in decibel.”
Source: CPCB website
To Printed Matter Sri........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Pin:....................................................................
From:ENVIS CoordinatorENVIS Centre on Status of Environment and Related Issues for Andhra PradeshEnvironment Protection Training and Research Institute (EPTRI)91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500 032, India.Ph : +91-040-23180120, 23180115Fax No.:+40-23180135,Website: http://apenvis.nic.in
7 Des
ign
by:
Md.
Kh
ader
, E
PT
RI
: EPTRI-ENVIS NewsletterParyavaranam Vol.9, No.1, 2015
Swine Flu
ENVIS Activities
Forth Coming Events
Swine influenza, also called pig influenza, swine
flu, hog flu and pig flu, is an infection caused by
any one of several types of swine influenza
viruses. Swine influenza virus is common
throughout pig populations worldwide. In August
2010, the World Health Organization declared the
swine flu pandemic officially.
Figure showing occurrence of Swine Flu
Causes of Swine Flu
Swine flu is contagious, and it spreads in the same way as the seasonal flu. When people who have it cough or sneeze, they spray tiny droplets of the virus into the air. If come in contact with these drops or touch a surface (such as a doorknob or sink) infects the person.
Source: Wikipedia .org/wiki/Swine- influenza
Swine Flu Symptoms
Most symptoms are the same as seasonal flu. They can include:
· Cough
· Fever
· Sore throat
· Stuffy or runny nose
· Body ache
· Headache
· Chills· Fatigue · Diarrhea and Vomiting· Tiredness.· Fast breathing, trouble breathing, or chest pain.
Precautions for Swine flu
·
· Wash your hands frequently with soap
and water
· Try to stay in good health and be
physically active
· Cover your mouth when you sneeze or
cough
· Stay at home if you are ill.
· If you develop symptoms suggesting the
flu, stay away from work or public
transportation, call and see a doctor
immediately
Avoid contact with people who are sick
EPTRI Survey No. 91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad - 500 032, India.
Swachh Bharat
Let’s make Gandhiji’s dream of a clean India come true...
rdSwachh Bharat was conducted on 3 February, 2015 at Analytical Laboratory EPTRI Campus, Hyderabad, India.
MoEF Sponsored training programs on Bio-
Medical Waste Management which will be
conducted by EPTRI under Colombo Plan (TCS)
for International Participants from 08.06.2015 –
20.6.2015
Swachh Bharat