Post on 31-Mar-2015
Principles of AgriculturePrinciples of Agriculture
Recognizing The Role Of Agriculture In Society
LessonLesson
Determining The History Of Agriculture
Student Learning ObjectivesStudent Learning Objectives
Define agriculture and the agriculture industry
Identify important historical developments in agriculture
Explain major technological developments in agriculture
TermsTerms
Agriculture industry
Agriculture Agribusiness Aquaculture Biotechnology
Domestication Farming Forestry Inventions Natural
Resources
Terms (continued)Terms (continued)
Ornamental Horticulture
Suburban Farming
Technology
Objective OneObjective One
Define Agriculture and The Agriculture Industry
What is Agriculture?What is Agriculture?
Agriculture is the science of growing crops and raising animals to meet the needs of humans
What is the What is the Ag IndustryAg Industry??
Involves all activities involved with providing people with food, clothing, and shelter
Includes farm operations, and Nonfarm operations Largest industry in America
What are Farming What are Farming Operations?Operations?
Uses land and other resources to grow crops and raise animals
Includes conventional farming, suburban farming, aquaculture, and forestry
Conventional Conventional FarmingFarming
Larger acreage of land growing typical grains of corn, soybeans, wheat, and other similar crops
Producing larger numbers of animals like swine, beef and dairy cattle, and sheep
Suburban FarmingSuburban Farming
Normally involves smaller areas of land
Normally found in residential or business locations
Typical products would include vegetable crops and small animals
AquacultureAquaculture
“Farming the Water” Involves raising fish or similar
aquatic animals Also includes producing aquatic
plants like water cress or water chestnuts
ForestryForestry
Involves the production and use of trees
What are Nonfarm What are Nonfarm Operations?Operations?
Normally referred to as Agribusiness
Agribusiness is nonfarm work in areas such as ag supplies, services, marketing, and product processing
Agriculture Also Makes the Agriculture Also Makes the Lives of People BetterLives of People Better
Ornamental Horticulture produces flowers and plants for their beauty
Natural Resources involve working with things found in nature like soil, water, and air
Objective TwoObjective Two
Identify Important Historical Developments in
Agriculture
Two Important Groups of Two Important Groups of People That Affected Early People That Affected Early AgricultureAgriculture
Native Americans
Colonists
Native AmericansNative Americans
Includes Indians, Hawaiians, and Eskimos
Hunting and gathering met their food and fiber needs
Indians first began simple farming By 1000 AD, corn is being grown in
large plots
ColonistsColonists
Learned many successful ag practices from Native Americans
Credited with early domestication of animals, which is the taming, confinement, and breeding of animals for human use
Objective ThreeObjective Three
Explain major technological developments in agriculture
What is Technology?What is Technology?
Technology is the application of knowledge to practical use
Uses inventions (new devices, products, or ways of doing work) for easier work and better living
History of American AgricultureHistory of American Agriculture1776-19901776-1990
Farm Machinery and
Technology
18th Century18th Century
Oxen and Horses used for power
Crude wooden plows Sowing and cultivating by hand Harvested grain with sickle Threshing grain with flail
1776 To 17991776 To 1799
Cradle and scythe introduced 1793--Cotton Gin invented 1794--Thomas Jefferson’s moldboard of
least resistance tested 1797--Charles Newbold patented first
cast iron plow Charles Townsend develops crop rotation
systems
1800 To 18301800 To 1830
1819--Jethro Wood patented iron plow with interchangeable parts
US food canning industry was established
Gregor Mendel discovers basic principles of heredity
1830’s1830’s
250 hours needed to produce 100 bushels (five acres) of wheat
1834--McCormick Reaper patented 1837--John Deere began making
steel plows 1837--Practical Threshing machine
patented
1840’s1840’s
1841--Practical grain drill patented 1842--First grain elevator in
Buffalo, New York 1844--Practical mower patented 1847--Irrigation begun in Utah 1849--Mixed chemical fertilizers
sold commercially
1850’s1850’s
75 hours needed to produce 100 bushels (2.5 acres) of wheat
1854--Self-governing windmill perfected
1856--2 horse straddle-row cultivator patented
1860’s1860’s
Use of horses keys first American ag revolution
Gang and sulky plows came into use 1868--Steam tractors tried out 1869--Spring-tooth harrow appears USDA established
1870’s1870’s
Silos came into use Deep well drilling first widely
used 1874--Joseph Glidden patents
barbed wire. Era of open range grazing ends
1880’s1880’s
1880--William Deering put 3000 twine binders on the market
1884--Horse drawn combine used in Pacific Coast wheat areas
1890’s1890’s
1890--Cream separators came into wide use
50 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels (5 acres) wheat
40 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels (2.5 acres) corn
1900 To 19101900 To 1910
Annual commercial fertilizer consumption 3.7 million tons
George Washington Carver finds new uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, and soybeans. Ag in southern United States diversifies
First successful gas tractor is built
1910 To 19201910 To 1920
Annual commercial fertilizer consumption 6.1 million tons
Big open-geared gas tractors came into use
1919--Small prairie type combine with auxiliary engine introduced
1920’s1920’s
1926--Successful light tractor developed
1926--Cotton stripper developed Increased ag production results
from expanded use of mechanized power
1930’s1930’s
Annual commercial fertilizer consumption 6.5 million tons
Rubber tired tractor with complementary machinery came into use
20 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels (2.5 acres) corn
1940’s1940’s
One farmer supplies 10.7 other people Change from horses to tractors leads
to second American ag revolution Frozen foods popularized Annual commercial fertilizer
consumption 13.6 million tons
1950’s1950’s
One farmer supplies 15.5 others 1954--Number of tractors on farms
exceeds number of horses for first time
Anhydrous ammonia use increases, spurring higher yields
1960’s1960’s
One farmer supplies 25.8 others Annual commercial fertilizer
consumption 32.3 million tons 5 labor hours required to produce
100 bushels (3.3 acres) wheat using 14 ft. drill and 14 ft. self propelled combine
1970’s1970’s
No-till agriculture popularized One farmer supplies 75.8 others 3 hours labor required to produce
100 bushels (1 1/8 acres) corn using tractor, 5 bottom plow, 20 ft. disk, 12 ft. self propelled combine
1980’s1980’s
More farmers using low-till methods to reduce erosion
Farmers using low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA) techniques to reduce chemical applications
Other 20th Century Other 20th Century AdvancementsAdvancements
Improved varieties of crop seeds Development of chemicals to control
weeds, insects and other pests Genetic engineering implemented to
improve crops and livestock Widespread application of computers
Other 20th Century Other 20th Century AdvancementsAdvancements
Biotechnology--putting our scientific knowledge of biology (plants and animals) to practical use
BT corn and Roundup Ready Soybeans for example