PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MANAGEMENT

PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MANAGEMENT

INDEX INDEX

Concept Management Definitions Nature Art/Science/Profession Importance Administration V/S Management Levels of Mgmnt and Mgmnt skills Characteristics of a Manager

CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT

As an Economic Resource As a Team As an Academic Discipline As a Process As a Human Process

Management DefinitionsManagement Definitions

“Management is the art of getting things

done through others .”

Management DefinitionsManagement Definitions

Harold Koontz : “Management is the art of

getting things done through and with

people in formally organised groups .”

Management DefinitionsManagement Definitions

D.J. Clough : “Management is the art and Science of Decision Making and Leadership.”

Management DefinitionsManagement Definitions

Peter F Drucker : “ Management is a multipurpose organ that manages a business and manages managers and manages workers work.”

Management DefinitionsManagement Definitions

Koontz and O’Donnell : “ Management is creation and maintenance of an internal environment in an enterprise where individuals, working in groups can perform efficiently and effectively toward the attainment of groups goals.”

Features (Nature) Of ManagementFeatures (Nature) Of Management

Management is Universal. Management is purposeful. Management is a unifying force. Management is a social force. Management is multidisciplinary. Management is a Continuous Process. Management is intangible.

Features (Nature) Of ManagementFeatures (Nature) Of Management

Management is situational. Management is essentially an effective

function. Management is an art as well as a science.

Management as an ArtManagement as an Art

Art involves the practical application of personal skills and knowledge to achieve concrete results.

It’s the practical way of doing specific things.

It’s a continuous practice over a long period of time.

Main Elements of an ArtMain Elements of an Art

Personal Skills Practical Know How Result Orientation Creativity Constant practice

Management as a scienceManagement as a science

Science is a systematic body of knowledge pertaining to particular field of enquiry. It establishes cause and effect relationship b/w different variables.

It contains underlying principles and theories developed through continuous observation, experimentation and research

Management as a scienceManagement as a science

The principles have universal applicability, can be applied under diff situations.

Management can be taught and learnt in classrooms or in an industry.

Management as an Art/Science Management as an Art/Science

Thus we can conclude that Mgmnt is an art and science both.

An effective manager knows how to apply mgmnt theories in real business situations.

Thus the theory (science) and practice (art) of mgmnt go side by side for efficient functioning of an organization.

Management as a ProfessionManagement as a Profession

A well defined and organised body of knowledge.

Learning and Experience. Entry restricted by qualifications. Recognised national body. Ethical code of conduct. Dominance of Service motive.

Importance Of ManagementImportance Of Management

Achievement of group goals. Optimum utilization of resources. Fulfillment of social obligations. Economic growth. Stability. Human Development. Meets the challenge of change.

Management V/S Administration Management V/S Administration

Administration is above Management :

Administration is a determinative function concerned with laying down basic objectives and broad policies of an org.Mgmnt is an executive function involving direction of human effort towards realisation of such objectives.

Management V/S Administration Management V/S Administration

Administration is a part of Mgmnt : Administration is that part of mgmnt which is concerned with the installation and carrying out of the procedures by which the programme is laid down & communicated and progress of activities is regulated and checked against plans. Mgmnt comprises both policy making and execution.

Management V/S Administration Management V/S Administration

Administration and Mgmnt are one: They are same and their distinction is superfluous and meaningless. In practice the two terms can be used interchangeably. Mgmnt is popular in business enterprises where economic performance is of great importance. Adm. Is preferred in govt. deptt.

Management V/S Administration Management V/S Administration

ADMINISTRATION

MANAGEMENT

Management V/S Administration Management V/S Administration

Points Administration Management

Nature Determinative or Thinking function.

Executive or Doing function.

Scope Determination of major objectives & policies.

Implementation of policies

Level Top Level function. Middle & lower level function.

Main fn Planning & controlling Directing & organising

Usage Govt. & Public sectors Business Org.

Management V/S Administration Management V/S Administration

Points Administration Management

Influence

By Public Opinion & outside forces.

By objectives & policies of org.

Direction of human efforts

Not directly concerned. Actively Concerned.

Eg. Minister,Commissioner,Governor,Registrar.

MD,General Mgr,Branch Mgr.

Skills Reqd.

Conceptual & Human Technical & Human

LEVELS OF MGMNT LEVELS OF MGMNT

Top Mgmnt Middle Mgmnt Supervisory or Operating Mgmnt

LEVELS OF MGMNT LEVELS OF MGMNT

Board of Directors

Marketing Mgr Production Mgr Finance Mgr

Managing Director

Branch Mgrs Plant superintendent Chief accountant

Sales officer Supervisors Finance officers

Salesmen Workers Clerks

Mgmnt Skills Mgmnt Skills

Technical skills. Human Skills. Conceptual skills.

Conceptual Skill

Human skill

Technical skill

Characteristics Of a Manager Characteristics Of a Manager

Interpersonal Roles :

Figurehead Leader Liaison

Interpersonal Roles Interpersonal Roles

Figure Head Leader Liaison

Symbolic Head Motivates subordinates

Contacts with others

Carries legal or social duties

Duties of staffing training

Have liasion with govt.

Organise speeches & Ceremony

Inspire subordinate by setting an eg.

Receive mail

Characteristics Of a Manager Characteristics Of a Manager

Informational Roles :

Monitor Disseminator Spokesman

Informational Roles : Informational Roles :

Monitor Disseminator Spokesperson

Seeks current o/s & i/s info.

Transmits int & Ext info to org

members

Transmits info bout org.

pol.,action,ach.

Handle mail Forward mail to org

Serves as an expert for org

Go through periodical

news

Give verbal instruction to subordinates

Handling Board

meetings.

Characteristics Of a Manager Characteristics Of a Manager

Decisional Roles :

Entrepreneur Disturbance Handler Resource Allocator Negotiator

Decisional Roles Decisional RolesEntrepreneu

rDisturbance

HandlerResource Allocator

Negotiator

Initiates improvement

changes

Handles unexpected situational

crisis

Allot Budget Doing Major negotiations

with customers

and suppliers

Design new projects

Solve conflict n complains

Make programme

4 jun. 2 work

NA

Decisional Roles Decisional RolesSet new

goalsFaces

challenge of competitors

Deal with promotion

NA

Discovers problems

NA Allocate organisational resources

NA

Form new strategies

NA NA NA