www.preventioninstitute.orgwww.preventioninstitute.org

Primary Prevention of Violence Against Primary Prevention of Violence Against Women and Intimate Partner Violence: Women and Intimate Partner Violence:

A Comprehensive ApproachA Comprehensive Approach

North Dakota Conference on Injury Prevention & ControlNorth Dakota Conference on Injury Prevention & ControlMandan, ND Mandan, ND October 28, 2008October 28, 2008

Facilitated by:Facilitated by:

Elizabeth Waiters, PhDElizabeth Waiters, PhD

What’s wrong with this picture?

Source: Media Education FoundationSource: Media Education Foundation

What can be done What can be done to prevent the to prevent the problem from problem from

occurring occurring

in the first place?in the first place?

No epidemic has ever been resolved by

paying attention to the treatment of the

affected individual.

George W. AlbeeGeorge W. Albee

““

””

The Social Ecological ModelThe Social Ecological Model

Individual Relationship Community Societal

HEALTHHEALTH

BEHAVIORBEHAVIORBEHAVIORBEHAVIOR

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

ROOT ROOT FACTORSFACTORS

Violence Violence Against Against WomenWomen

BEHAVIORALBEHAVIORALFACTORSFACTORS

Trajectory of Violence Against WomenTrajectory of Violence Against Women

ENVIRONMENTAENVIRONMENTAL L

CONTRIBUTORSCONTRIBUTORS

Trajectory of Violence Against WomenTrajectory of Violence Against Women

NormsNorms

ROOT ROOT FACTORSFACTORS

Violence Violence Against Against WomenWomen

BEHAVIORALBEHAVIORALFACTORSFACTORS

ENVIRONMENTAENVIRONMENTAL L

CONTRIBUTORSCONTRIBUTORS

sanction behaviorsanction behavior

based in culture based in culture & tradition

& tradition

taken for grantedtaken for granted

more than a habitmore than a habit

behavior shapersbehavior shapers

NORMSNORMS

Norms Are Behavior ShapersNorms Are Behavior Shapers

focus on norms focus on norms

can help prevent can help prevent

violence against violence against

womenwomen

AA

It is unreasonable to expect that It is unreasonable to expect that

people will change their behavior people will change their behavior

easily when so many forces in the easily when so many forces in the

social, cultural, and physical social, cultural, and physical

environment conspire against environment conspire against

such change.such change.

““

””Institute of MedicineInstitute of Medicine

Violence Violence

MasculinityMasculinity

WomenWomen

PowerPower

PrivacyPrivacy

Key NormsKey Norms55

Source: Media Education FoundationSource: Media Education Foundation

The Synergy of The Synergy of NormsNorms

a a systematicsystematic process that promotes healthy environments process that promotes healthy environments and behaviors and reduces the likelihood or frequency of and behaviors and reduces the likelihood or frequency of an injury or traumatization.an injury or traumatization.

taking action before violence occurs to prevent initial perpetration or victimization.

Child Restraint and Safety Belt UseChild Restraint and Safety Belt Use

Smoking PreventionSmoking Prevention

Minimum Drinking Age LawsMinimum Drinking Age Laws

Childhood VaccinationsChildhood Vaccinations

Motorcycle and Bicycle Helmet LawsMotorcycle and Bicycle Helmet Laws

Reduced Lead Levels in ChildrenReduced Lead Levels in Children

a a systematicsystematic process that promotes healthy environments process that promotes healthy environments and behaviors and reduces the likelihood or frequency of and behaviors and reduces the likelihood or frequency of an injury or traumatization.an injury or traumatization.

taking action before violence occurs to prevent initial perpetration or victimization.

The Prevention ContinuumThe Prevention Continuum

PrimaryPrimary Secondary Tertiary Secondary Tertiary

ImmediateImmediate responses responses

AFTERAFTER violence has violence has

occurred to deal occurred to deal with the with the

consequences in consequences in the short-termthe short-term

Long-termLong-term responses responses

AFTER AFTER violence to deal violence to deal with the lasting with the lasting consequences consequences and treatment and treatment interventionsinterventions

Approaches that Approaches that take place take place

BEFORE BEFORE violence has violence has occurred to occurred to

prevent initial prevent initial perpetration or perpetration or victimizationvictimization

PrimaryPrevention

banning lead in gasoline, paint, drinking-water pipes, and other products

SecondaryPrevention

lead screening programs, treatment of children with high levels, and removal of lead paint from households

TertiaryPrevention

treatment, support, and rehabilitation of children with lead poisoning disease

Prevention and LeadPrevention and Lead

Prevention is…Prevention is…

……a process of changing attitudes, a process of changing attitudes, behaviors, beliefs, and institutional norms behaviors, beliefs, and institutional norms

of ‘acceptable’ violence and of ‘acceptable’ violence and discrimination, through an evolutionary discrimination, through an evolutionary

and revolutionary process.and revolutionary process.

Transforming Communities National Advisory CommitteeFebruary 1999

Source: www.transformcommunities.org

““

””

33FrameworkFramework

TheThe

KeysKeys

PreventionPreventionViolenceViolence

Violence is complexViolence is complex

and requires aand requires a

comprehensivecomprehensive

approach.approach.

Risk and resilienceRisk and resilience

factors must befactors must be

addressed.addressed.

Violence preventionViolence prevention

requires anrequires an

integrated strategyintegrated strategy

for action.for action.

Influencing Policy & LegislationInfluencing Policy & Legislation

Changing Organizational PracticesChanging Organizational Practices

Fostering Coalitions & NetworksFostering Coalitions & Networks

Educating ProvidersEducating Providers

Promoting Community EducationPromoting Community EducationStrengthening Individual Knowledge & SkillsStrengthening Individual Knowledge & Skills

The Spectrum of PreventionThe Spectrum of Prevention

Influencing Policy and LegislationInfluencing Policy and Legislation

Changing Organizational PracticesChanging Organizational Practices

Fostering Coalitions and NetworksFostering Coalitions and Networks

Educating ProvidersEducating Providers

Promoting Community EducationPromoting Community Education

Strengthening Individual Knowledge & SkillsStrengthening Individual Knowledge & Skills

The Spectrum of PreventionThe Spectrum of Prevention

Influencing Policy & LegislationInfluencing Policy & Legislation

Changing Organizational PracticesChanging Organizational Practices

Fostering Coalitions & NetworksFostering Coalitions & Networks

Educating ProvidersEducating Providers

Promoting Community EducationPromoting Community EducationStrengthening Individual Knowledge & SkillsStrengthening Individual Knowledge & Skills

The Spectrum of PreventionThe Spectrum of Prevention

Source: www.nylatinasagainstdv.orgSource: www.nylatinasagainstdv.org

Influencing Policy & LegislationInfluencing Policy & Legislation

Changing Organizational PracticesChanging Organizational Practices

Fostering Coalitions & NetworksFostering Coalitions & Networks

Educating ProvidersEducating Providers

Promoting Community EducationPromoting Community EducationStrengthening Individual Knowledge & SkillsStrengthening Individual Knowledge & Skills

The Spectrum of PreventionThe Spectrum of Prevention

ThinkingThinkingon theon theEdgeEdgeof the of the BoxBox

Influencing Policy & LegislationInfluencing Policy & Legislation

Changing Organizational PracticesChanging Organizational Practices

Fostering Coalitions & NetworksFostering Coalitions & Networks

Educating ProvidersEducating Providers

Promoting Community EducationPromoting Community EducationStrengthening Individual Knowledge & SkillsStrengthening Individual Knowledge & Skills

The Spectrum of PreventionThe Spectrum of Prevention

Public Public

safetysafety

Family Family Support Support ServicesServices

Academics

Academics VictimVictimservicesservicesConsultantsConsultants

Child abuse Child abuse preventionprevention

Health Health clinicsclinics

FoundationsFoundations

Family Family ServicesServices

Rural Rural

community community

organizersorganizers Researchers

Researchers

Women of Women of

Color Color

AdvocatesAdvocatesAdolescent Adolescent

healthhealth

CorrectionsCorrections

State State

Public Public Health

Health

Local Local

Public health Public health

Educators

Educators

Advocates Advocates CoalitionCoalition

Minnesota Sexual Violence Prevention Minnesota Sexual Violence Prevention Action CouncilAction Council

Influencing Policy & LegislationInfluencing Policy & Legislation

Changing Organizational PracticesChanging Organizational Practices

Fostering Coalitions & NetworksFostering Coalitions & Networks

Educating ProvidersEducating Providers

Promoting Community EducationPromoting Community Education

Strengthening Individual Knowledge & SkillsStrengthening Individual Knowledge & Skills

The Spectrum of PreventionThe Spectrum of Prevention

Changing Organizational Practices:Changing Organizational Practices:Sports RadioSports Radio

Influencing Policy & LegislationInfluencing Policy & Legislation

Changing Organizational PracticesChanging Organizational Practices

Fostering Coalitions & NetworksFostering Coalitions & Networks

Educating ProvidersEducating Providers

Promoting Community EducationPromoting Community Education

Strengthening Individual Knowledge & SkillsStrengthening Individual Knowledge & Skills

The Spectrum of PreventionThe Spectrum of Prevention

Policy and LegislationPolicy and LegislationVAWA reauthorizationVAWA reauthorization

Policy and LegislationPolicy and Legislation

Useful policyUseful policy

is oftenis often

developeddeveloped

locally.locally.

one key factone key fact

The Synergy of The Synergy of the Spectrum of Preventionthe Spectrum of Prevention

Data & Evaluation Inform the Data & Evaluation Inform the SpectrumSpectrum

Influencing Policy & LegislationInfluencing Policy & Legislation

Changing Organizational PracticesChanging Organizational Practices

Fostering Coalitions & NetworksFostering Coalitions & Networks

Educating ProvidersEducating Providers

Promoting Community EducationPromoting Community Education

Strengthening Individual Knowledge & SkillsStrengthening Individual Knowledge & Skills

This…process…supports This…process…supports the creation of a the creation of a

safe, just, equitable, and healthy safe, just, equitable, and healthy environment so that environment so that women and girls and women and girls and

men and boys men and boys may live violence-free lives.may live violence-free lives.

Transforming Communities National Advisory CommitteeFebruary 1999

Source: www.transformcommunities.org

““

””

The ideas of

one generation

become the

instincts

of the next.

- D.H. - D.H. LawrenceLawrence

““

””

www.preventioninstitute.org

TOOLSTOOLS

Collaboration MathCollaboration Math

Data Concepts

Funding Training

Partners

Key IssuesOutcomes

Sum Remainder:

Average: Sum: Product: Sum: Sum:

Health

Education

Justice

Mental Health

Social

Services

Alcohol/Drugs

Business

Media

TOTALS

Developing Effective Coalitions:Developing Effective Coalitions:The 8-Step ProcessThe 8-Step Process

2. Recruit the right people2. Recruit the right people

3. Devise preliminary objectives and activities3. Devise preliminary objectives and activities

4. Convene the coalition

5. Anticipate necessary resources5. Anticipate necessary resources

6. Develop a successful structure6. Develop a successful structure

7. Maintain coalition vitality7. Maintain coalition vitality

8. Improve through evaluation8. Improve through evaluation

1. Analyze program objectives, determine whether to form a coalition1. Analyze program objectives, determine whether to form a coalition

The The TensionTension

of of TurfTurf

Influir en la política y en la legislaciónInfluir en la política y en la legislación

Cambiar las prácticas institucionalesCambiar las prácticas institucionales

Hacer progresar a las coaliciones y las redesHacer progresar a las coaliciones y las redes

Educar a los proveedoresEducar a los proveedores

Promover la educación comunitariaPromover la educación comunitaria

Fortalecer las aptitudes y conocimientos individualesFortalecer las aptitudes y conocimientos individuales

6 Niveles 6 Niveles en el Espectro de la Prevenciónen el Espectro de la Prevención

Web ConferencesWeb Conferences

Prevention Prevention Connection Connection

preventconnect.orgpreventconnect.org

http://preventioninstitute.org/thrive/index.php

221 Oak Street221 Oak StreetOakland, California 94607Oakland, California 94607

phone: (510) 444-7738phone: (510) 444-7738fax: (510) 663-1280fax: (510) 663-1280

www.preventioninstitute.orgwww.preventioninstitute.orgprevent@preventioninstitute.orgprevent@preventioninstitute.org