Post on 16-Dec-2015
PREVALENCE OF DRUG ABUSE
20 LAKH PEOPLE ARE REGULAR DRUG USERS IN PUNJAB ONLY
66% OF SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN ARE ABUSING GUTKA
7 OUT OF 10 COLLEGE STUDENTS HAVE ABUSED ONE OR OTHER DRUG
3 OUT OF 10 GIRLS HAVE ABUSED ONE OR OTHER DRUGS
HOSTLERS MORE PRONE TO ADDICTION
MENACE OF DRUG ABUSE
PER HEAD CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL IS HIGHEST IN PUNJAB
GOVT. OF INDIA SPENDS RS 27000 CRORE ON TOBACCO RELATED PROBLEMS WHILE EARNS RS6000 CRORE FROM TOBACCO INDUSTRY
GOVT.HAS TO SPEND RS I20 ON HEALTH PROBLEMS CAUSED BY EVERY PACK OF CIGARETTES
CAUSES OF ADDICTION
OUT OF CURIOSITY FOR PLEASURE KICK LACK OF PARENTAL CONTROL TOO MUCH POCKET MONEY PRESSURE FROM FRIENDS TO GAIN ACCEPTANCE IN GROUP DEFIANT GESTURE AGAINST AUTHORITY PREY TO PPEDDLERS OF DRUGS
CAUSES
ESCAPE FROM TENSIONS
EMOTIONAL FRUSTRATION
HIGH EXPECTATIONS OF PARENTS
ADDICT PARENTS NEGATIVE ROLE MODEL FOR CHILDREN
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FRUSTRATION
POTENTIAL ADDICTS
LOW SELF ESTEEM LACK OF AMBITION FOR FUTURE NON PARTICIPATION IN SPORTS, EXTRA
CURICULAR ACTIVITIES INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICAL MOVEMENTS SIBLING USE OF DRUGS,ALCOHOL DRUG USE IN FRIENDS
Potential drug users
BROKEN FAMILIES UNHAPPY FAMILY NOT PRACTISING ANY RELIGION PARENTAL USE OF CIGARETTES EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL USE BY PARENTS POOR ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS
RECOGNISING AN ADDICT
AVOIDING PEOPLE SPENDING LONG HOURS IN BATHROOM PREFER TO BE ALONE DROPP ING OLD FRIENDS SUDDEN NEW FRINDS CIRCLE LOSS OF INTERST IN
GAMES ,EXTRACURICULAR ACTIVITIES
KEEP EYES OPEN FOR THESE CHANGES
STEALING,BORROWING MONEY EXCESSIVE SPENDING OF MONEY ERRATIC BEHAVIOUR ,CONFUSED
THOUGHTS SUDDEN UNEXPLAINED TEMPER
TANTRUMS LAZINES,APATHY,IRRITABILITY EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY
PHYSICAL CHANGES REDNESS OF EYES PUFFINESS UNDER EYES SLURRING OF SPEECH UNSTEADY GAIT LOSS OF APPETITE FRESH\NUMEROUS INJECTION SITES PECULIAR SMELL FROM BREATH SHABBILY DRESSED
THREE STAGES OF ADDICTION
Stage I
Experimental and social useFrequency of use
Occasional / usually on weekends
Source of drugs / alcohol
Friends / peers at parties
REASONS
Curiosity / risk taking and seeking thrill
For pleasurable feelings / relief from boredom
Peer pressure / to be sociable
To obtain social acceptance
To appear grown up / to defy parental limits
EFFECTS
Experiences euphoria and returns to normal state after using
Small amount may cause intoxication
Feelings sought - fun, excitement, thrill, belonging and control
BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS
Little noticeable change
Experiences moderate hangovers
Occasional evidence of use such as beer can or marijuana joint
Stage II - Abuse
Frequency of use
Regular / several times per week
Some times during the day
Prefers to use alone
Source of drug / alcohol
Friends
Buys for himself
May borrow / steal / peddle drugs to maintain supply
REASONS
To manipulate emotions – experience pleasure, cope with stress and uncomfortable feelings and to overcome feelings of inadequacy
To stay high or at least to maintain normal feelings
EFFECTS
May experience discomfort in the absence of drugs
Intoxication becomes regular
Feelings sought - pleasure, relief from negative emotions and stress reduction
May feel guilty, ashamed and afraid
Has suicidal ideation / may attempt suicide
Tries to control use but fails
BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS
Mood swings
Changes in personality
Lying and stealing
Change in friendships ……..
Decline in work performance
BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS (contd..)
Decrease in extra curricular activities
Begins adopting drug culture (clothing, hairstyle)
……..
BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS (contd..)
Conflict with family members Becomes more rebellious
Interest focused on procuring and using drugs / alcohol
Stage III Dependency / addiction
Frequency of use
Daily use / continuous
Source of drugs / alcohol
Uses any means to get alcohol / drugs
May engage in criminal activities to get money for drugs
REASONS
Has no control over his behaviour
To avoid pain and depression
To escape from realities of daily living
EFFECTS
Normal state is pain and discomfort
Unlikely to experience euphoria
Experiences suicidal thoughts / may attempt suicide
……..
EFFECTS (contd..)
Guilt, shame and remorse
Repeated blackouts
Changing emotions such as depression, irritation and apathy
Experiences
BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS
Physical deterioration including weight loss, health problems
Memory loss, flash back, paranoia, volatile mood swings and other psychiatric problems
Likely to dropout or get expelled from college or lose jobs
……..
BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS
Away from home most of the time
Possible overdoses
Not concerned about being caught Focuses only on procuring and using drugs
TREATMENT
ADDICTION IS AN ILLNESS IT IS A CURABLE DISEASE SIGN OF MORAL WEAKNESS RECOGNITION OF PROBLEM IS HALF THE
BATTLE WON SEEKING PROFESSIONAL HELP IS ROLE OF FAMILY IS VERY IMPORTANT
MEDICAL TREATMENT
DETOXIFICATION OF DRUGS UNDER MEDICAL SUPERVISION
WITHDRAWL OF ADDICTION CONTROL OF WITHDRAWL SYMPTOMS ENGAGING IN OTHER SOCIAL ACTIVITIES MAKING NONAVAILIBILITY OF DRUGS
MEDICAL TREATMENT
Medical care to deal with withdrawal symptoms , co-existing medical / psychiatric problems
COUNSELLING
MOTIVATING THE PATIENT FOR TREATMENT
REALISATION OF PROBLEM OF ADDICTION BY ADDICT
FAMILY PLAYS A BIG ROLE ROLE OF SOCIAL WORKERS RELIGIOUS GROUPS
REHABILITATION
BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY CHANGE IN PEER GROUP IMPROVE FAMILY ATMOSPHERE SUPPORT,EMOTIONAL SECURITY FROM
FAMILY PSYCHOLOGICAL BUILDING UP OF ADDICT
FREQUENCY OF FOLLOW-UP
Very regular in the initial phase of recovery - Once every 10 days for 3 months and then monthly visits until one year
Quarterly visits after 1 year for at least four more years
WHAT HAPPENS IN A FOLLOW-UP?
Drug free status Health condition Family relationships Social relationships Occupational status Financial status Leisure time activities
Review about the client in the following areas
STRENGTHENING FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
Interaction with spouse,children and other family members
Efforts taken to patch up strained relationships Assuming responsibilities at home Quality time spent with family members
OCCUPATIONAL STATUS
Regularity and punctuality at work
Adaptability to work with colleagues
Improvement in efficiency and concentration
If unemployed, efforts taken to get a job
RECREATIONAL SCHEDULE
Reviving old hobbies
Getting involved in new activities
Physical exercises / games
Yoga and meditation
WHO CAN BE A SUPPORT PERSON
A support person is
Genuinely interested in the client’s well-being
Not using alcohol / drugs
A person whom the client respects and holds in high regard
Someone who can constantly be in touch with the client
SOCIAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME
Patient
Occupation Friends Health Family Religion
Managers Supervisors
At workIn society
Family physician / medical officers at work place
Parents In- lawsSiblings
ClergymenReligious heads