Post on 30-May-2018
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Rigid Pavement
Distress
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1-Blowup (Buckling)
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Blowup (Buckling)
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Blowup (Buckling)
Description:Description:
A localized upward slab movement and shattering at ajoint or crack. It is the result of insufficient room forslab expansion during hot weather.
Problem:Problem:
Roughness, moisture infiltration, in extreme cases (as inthe second photo) can pose a safety hazard
Possible Causes:Possible Causes:
During cold periods (e.g., winter) PCC slabs contractleaving wider joint openings. If these openings becomefilled with incompressible material (such as rocks orsoil), subsequent PCC slab expansion during hot periods(e.g., spring, summer) may cause high compressivestresses. If these stresses are great enough, the slabsmay buckle and shatter to relieve the stresses.
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2-Faulting
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Faulting
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Faulting
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FaultingDescription:
A difference in elevation across a joint or crack. Usually theapproach slab is higher than the leave slab due topumping, the most common faulting mechanism.
Faulting is noticeable when the average faulting in thepavement section reaches about 2.5 mm (0.1 inch).When the average faulting reaches 4 mm (0.15 in), somerehabilitation measures should be considered.
Problem:
Roughness (an expression of irregularities in the pavement surface that adversely
affect the ride quality of a vehicle)
Possible Causes:
Most commonly, faulting is a result of slabpumping. Faulting can also be caused by slabsettlement.
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3-Linear (Panel) Cracking
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Linear (Panel) Cracking
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Linear (Panel) Cracking
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Linear (Panel) Cracking
Description:Description:
Linear cracks not associated with corner breaks or blowups
that extend across the entire slab. Typically, these cracks
divide an individual slab into two to four pieces.
Problem:Problem:
Roughness, allows moisture infiltration leading to erosion of
base/sub-base support.
Possible Causes:Possible Causes:
Usually a combination of traffic loading, thermal changes,
moisture stresses and loss of support.
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44--PopoutsPopouts
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PopoutsPopouts
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PopoutsPopouts
Description:Description:
Small pieces of PCC that break loose from the surface leaving small
divots or pock marks. Popouts range from 25 - 100 mm (1 - 4 inches)
in diameter and from 25 - 50 mm (1 - 2 inches) deep.
Problem:Problem:
Roughness, usually an indicator of poor material
Possible Causes:Possible Causes:
Popouts usually occur as a result of poor aggregate durability. Poor
durability can be a result of a number of items such as:
Poor aggregate freeze-thaw resistance
Expansive aggregates
Alkali-aggregate reactions
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55--PumpingPumping
Pumping in action
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Pumping damage
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Broken slabs with pumping evidence
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PumpingPumping
Description:Description:
Movement of material underneath the slab or ejection of material
from underneath the slab as a result of water pressure. Water
accumulated underneath a PCC slab will pressurize when the slab
deflects under load. This pressurized water can do one of the
following:
Move about under the slab.
Move from underneath one slab to underneath an adjacent
slab. This type of movement leads to faulting.
Move out from underneath the slab to the pavementsurface. This results in a slow removal of base, subbase and/or
sub-grade material from underneath the slab resulting in
decreased structural support.
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Problem:Problem:
Decreased structural support of the slab, which can lead to
cracking and faulting.
Possible Causes:Possible Causes:
Water accumulation underneath the slab. This can be caused bysuch things as:
a high water table,
poor drainage,
and panel cracks or
poor joint seals
which allow water to infiltrate the underlying material.
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Distresses in
FlexiblePavements
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Fatigue (Alligator) Cracking
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Alligator Cracking
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Fatigue (Alligator) CrackingFatigue (Alligator) Cracking
Description:Description:
Series of interconnected cracks caused by fatigue failureunder repeated traffic loading.
In thin pavements, cracking initiates at the bottomasphalt layer where the tensile stress is the highest thenpropagates to the surface as one or more longitudinal
cracks. This is commonly referred to as "bottom-up" or"classical" fatigue cracking.
In thick pavements, the cracks most likely initiate fromthe top in areas of high localized tensile stressesresulting from tire-pavement interaction and asphalt
binder aging (top-down cracking). After repeatedloading, the longitudinal cracks connect forming many-sided sharp-angled pieces that develop into a patternresembling the back of an alligator or crocodile.
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Problem:Problem:
Indicator of structural failure, cracks allow moistureinfiltration, may further deteriorate to a pothole
Possible Causes:Possible Causes:Inadequate structural support, which can be caused
by many things. A few of the more common onesare listed here:
Decrease in pavement load supportingcharacteristics Loss of base, subbase or subgrade support (e.g., poor
drainage or thaw resulting in a less stiff base).
Increase in loading (e.g., more or heavier loads
than anticipated in design) Inadequate structural design
Poor construction (e.g., inadequate compaction)
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Potholes
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PotholesPotholesDescription:Description:
Small, bowl-shaped depressions in the pavement surface that penetrate allthe way through the layer down to the base course. They generally have
sharp edges and vertical sides near the top of the hole. Potholes are
most likely to occur on roads with thin asphalt surfaces (25 to 50 mm (1
to 2 inches)) and seldom occur on roads with 100 mm (4 inch) or deeper
asphalt surfaces.
Problem:Problem:
Roughness (serious vehicular damage can result from driving across
potholes at higher speeds), moisture infiltration. Pavement roughness is generallydefined as an expression of irregularities in the pavement surface that adversely affect the ride quality of a
vehicle (and thus the user).
Possible Causes:Possible Causes:
Generally, potholes are the end result ofalligator cracking. As alligator
cracking becomes severe, the interconnected cracks create small chunks
of pavement, which can be dislodged as vehicles drive over them. The
remaining hole after the pavement chunk is dislodged is called a pothole.
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PotholesPotholes
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Pothole
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Rutting
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RuttingRuttingDescription:Description:
The depressions all along the length of the road are called ruts.Surface depression in the wheelpath. Pavement uplift
(shearing) may occur along the sides of the rut. Ruts areparticularly evident after a rain when they are filled withwater.
There are two basic types of rutting:
i. mix rutting
ii. subgrade rutting
Mix rutting occurs when the subgrade does not rut yet thepavement surface exhibits wheelpath depressions as aresult of compaction/mix design problems.
Subgrade rutting occurs when the subgrade exhibitswheelpath depressions due to loading. In this case, thepavement settles into the subgrade ruts causing surfacedepressions in the wheelpath.
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Problem:Problem:
Ruts filled with water can cause vehicle hydroplaning, canbe hazardous because ruts tend to pull a vehicletowards the rut path as it is steered across the rut.
Possible Causes:
Insufficient compaction of pavement layers during construction. If
it is not compacted enough initially, pavement may continue todensify under traffic loads.
Subgrade rutting (e.g., as a result of inadequate pavement
structure)
Improper mix design or manufacture (e.g., excessively high asphaltcontent, excessive mineral filler, insufficient amount of angular
aggregate particles)
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Plastic Flow Rutting
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Rutting in Asphalt Layer
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Rutting in Sub-grade or Base
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BleedingBleeding
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Bleeding
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Bleeding
Description:Description:
A film of asphalt binder on the pavement surface. It usually creates a shiny,glass-like reflecting surface that can become quite sticky.
Problem:Problem:
Loss ofskid resistance when wet
Possible Causes:Possible Causes:
Bleeding occurs when asphalt binder fills the aggregate voids during hot
weather and then expands onto the pavement surface. Since bleeding is not
reversible during cold weather, asphalt binder will accumulate on the
pavement surface over time. This can be caused by one or a combination of
the following:
Excessive asphalt binder in the asphalt concrete (either due to mix design or
manufacturing)
Excessive application of asphalt binder during BSTBST (bituminous surface
treatment) application
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Corrugation and ShovingCorrugation and Shoving
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Corrugation and ShovingDescription:Description:
A form of plastic movement typified by ripples (corrugation) oran abrupt wave (shoving) across the pavement surface. Thedistortion is perpendicular to the traffic direction. Usuallyoccurs at points where traffic starts and stops (corrugation)or areas where Hot mix asphalt (HMA) abuts a rigid object(shoving).
Problem:Problem:Roughness
Possible Causes:Possible Causes:
Usually caused by traffic action (starting and stopping)combined with:
An unstable (i.e. low stiffness) HMA layer (caused by mixcontamination, poor mix design, poor HMA manufacturing,or lack of aeration of liquid asphalt emulsions)
Excessive moisture in the subgrade
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Polished AggregatePolished Aggregate
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li h dli h d
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Polished AggregatePolished Aggregate
Description:Description:
Areas of HMA pavement where the portion ofaggregate extending above the asphalt binder iseither very small or there are no rough or angularaggregate particles.
Problem:Problem:
Decreased skid resistancePossible Causes:Possible Causes:
Repeated traffic applications.
Generally, as a pavement ages the protruding rough,
angular particles become polished. This can occurquicker if the aggregate is susceptible to abrasionor subject to excessive studded tire wear.
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Raveling
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RavelingDescription:Description:
The progressive disintegration of an HMA layer from thesurface downward as a result of the dislodgement of
aggregate particles.
Problem:Problem:
Loose debris on the pavement, roughness, water collecting inthe raveled locations resulting in vehicle hydroplaning, loss
ofskid resistance
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Possible Causes:Possible Causes:
Several including:
Loss of bond between aggregate particles and the
asphalt binder as a result of:
A dust coating on the aggregate particles that forces the
asphalt binder to bond with the dust rather than the
aggregate
Inadequate compaction during construction. High density is
required to develop sufficient cohesion within the HMA.
Mechanical dislodging by certain types of traffic(studded tires, snowplow blades or tracked vehicles).
R li
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Raveling
SOURCES OF PREMATURE PAVEMENT FAILURE
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SOURCES OFPREMATURE PAVEMENT FAILURE
ConstructionPractices&
Quality Control
Inadequately Designed Pavements Will Fail Prematurely Inspite
OfBest Quality Control & Construction Practices
ConstructionPractices&
Quality Control
ConstructionPractices&
Quality Control
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Thank YouThank You
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ANSWER & QUESTION
SESSION