Post on 01-Jan-2016
Presentation at IAREP/SABE, Rome 2008
A Neuroeconomic Model
Torben LarsenCenter for Applied Health Research
SOUTHERN DANISH UNIVERSITY
tla@cast.sdu.dk
Torben Larsen: NE-model <tla@cast.sdu.dk>
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Neurocybernetic FrameworkPhylo-genesis
Triune Brain(McLean 1972)
Working Br.(Luria 1973)
Neurocy-
bernetics
L4 Neocortex Power of Concentration
Executive
Integrator
L3 Perception &
Memory
Cognition Server
L2 Mammalian
Complex
Reticular
Ascending
Activation
System
Emotional
Server
L1 Reptile complex
Instinctual
Client
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Limbic system (L2) and Neocortex (L3-4)
L2: Papez circuit = Hippocampus * Hypothalamus * Thalamus * Cingulate
L4L3
L2
L1
4
Neurocybernetic key trials since 2000L2/L: Eggers AE (2007): Redrawing Papez' circuit: a theory about how acute stress becomes chronic and causes disease. Med Hypotheses, 69(4):852-7. Kumaran D, Maguire EA. (2007): Match–mismatch processes underlie human Hippocampal responses to associative
novelty. Journal of Neuroscience, 27(32):8517– 8524. Mohanty A, Engels AS et al (2007): Differential engagement of anterior cingulate cortex subdivisions for cognitive and
emotional function. Psychophysiology, 44: 343-351. Naqvi N, Rudrauf D et al (2007): Damage to the Insula disrupts addiction to cigarette smoking. Sci, 315(5811):531-34* Singer T (2006): The neuronal basis and ontogeny of empathy and mind reading: Review … Neurosci Beh Rev, 30, 855-
63. Takahashi T, Ikeda K et al (2004): Social stress-induced cortisol elevation acutely impairs social memory in humans .
Neuroscience Letters, 363:125-30.L3/R:Hein G, Knight RT (2008): Superior Temporal Sulcus-It's My Area: Or Is It? J Cogn Neurosci. May 5.Epub ahead of print.L3/I: Cantlon J, Brannon E et al (2006). Func. imaging of numerical process in adults and 4-y-old children. PLoS Biol, 4 (5). Kounios J, Frymiare JL et al (2006): The prepared mind. Neural activity prior to problem presentation predicts
subsequent solution by sudden insight. Psychological Science, 17(10).*L4/U:Bechara A, Damasio H&AR (2000): Emotion, decision-making and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cereb Cort, 10:295-307 Beer JS, Knight RT, D’Esposito M (2007): Controlling the integration of emotion and cognition. Psych Sci, 17(5):448-53.L4/A: Robertson EM, Tormos JM et al (2007): The Role of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex during Sequence Learning is
Specific for Spatial Information. Cerebral Cortex, 11:628–35.META-functions: Cory GA and Gardner R Jr (2002): The evolutionary neuroethology of Paul McLean. Convergences and frontiers . Praeger
Publishers, USA. RIA: Baddeley AD, Wilson BA (2002): Prose recall and amnesia: implic. for the structure of VM. Neuropsych, 40:1737-1743.LU: Muzur A, Pace-Schott EF et al (2002): Review. The prefrontal cortex in sleep. TRENDS in Cogn Sci, 6(11).*CONC:Schultz W (2006): Behavioral theories and the neurophysiology of reward. Annual Review of Psychology, 57:87-115.* Oya H, Adolphs R, Kawasaki H et al (2005): Electrophysiological correlates of reward prediction error recorded in the
human prefrontal cortex. PNAS, 102(23):8351-8356.* Sanfey AG, Rilling JK (2003): The neural basis of economic decision-making in the ultimatum game. Sci,030:1755-58.* Takahashi T, Oono H et al (2007): Comparison of probabilistic models in humans. Behav Brain Functions, 3(20). Yeung N, A. G. Sanfey (2004): Independent coding of reward magnitude and valence in the human brain. Journal of Neuroscience, 24(28):6258-64.* Sanfey AG (2007): Social decision-making: insights from game theory and neuroscience. Sci, 318:598-602. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Neuroeconomic Applications ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRM: Larsen T, Olsen TS, Sorensen J (2006): Early home-supported discharge: a health technology assessment. International Journ of Technology Assessm in Healthcare, 22(3):313-320. -> www.integratedhomecare.eu HRD: Arias AJ, Steinberg K etal (2006): Systematic review of the efficacy of meditation techniques as treatments for medical illness. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 12(8): 817–832.
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List of neurocybernetic variablesL Init. Function Location (L1-4) Indicator
L1
RAS
Am
VT
Reticular activation system
Amygdala fear centre
Root of reward circuit
Brain Stem
Basal ganglia / Striatum
Ventral Tegmentum/ Striatum
Electroderm SR
BOLD
BOLD
L2
M*
H*
Pc*
Is
D
L
Episodic memory
Homeostasis centre
Primary consciousness ctr.
Reward expectancy server
Mesolimbic dopamine circuit
Limbic (emotion) system
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus/Thalamus
Anterior cingulate cortex
Insula
Diencephalon+Forebrain
All specified centres at L2
L/R BOLD
α-waves (EEG)
BOLD
BOLD
1/Cortisol
Is/Am BOLD
L3
VAC
R
I
Visual association centre
Semantic recollection
Intraparietal sketchpad
Occipital lobe
Superior temporal sulcus
Intraparietal sulcus
BOLD
BOLD
BOLD
L4
A
U
CONC
Sequential analysis ctr.
Utility ranking centre
Power of concentration
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)
Ventromedial prefront. cortex
Lateral BOLD
BOLD
Prediction error
Note: * – Centres in Papez circuit (1937)
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Neuroeconomic
Model (NeM):
CONC:=Min[LU-RIA]
Decision making as minimiz. prediction error
Schultz 2006
LU dominates during dreaming
Muzur et al 2002
RIA dominates during sequential memory processing Robertson et al 2001
The Ultimatum Game as prototype of economic economic manman activates both LU and RIASanfey et al 2003
→Decision-making as whole-brain proces!!!
I
R
A
U
CONC
RAS
RAS=Reticular (Reptile) ascending activation system (Client); L=Limbic (Mammallian) system; U=Utility centre in Orbitofrontal Cortex; A=Logic in dorsolateral PFC; I=Intraparietal Mathematical schetchpad; R=Linguistic recollection in Superior Temporal Sulcus; Bulb: Visual Association Centre in Parietal Cortex; Meta-functions: LU: Emotional Intelligence and RIA: Logo-Mathematico Intelligence serving CONC (Power of Concentration in ventromedial PFC)
L
Emotions Associations Mismatch
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NeM-application 0:
General Behavioural Model
Neocortex (L3-4)
RAS (L1)
Limbic system
(L2)
Hierarchy of needs: From simplesimple to com-com-
Maslow, 1969 posite posite rationality
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NeM-application 1:
Human Relations Management (HRM)
• Integrated Home Care (IHC) across settings as associated with reduced blood pressure compared to hospital rehabilitation, only, is a dominant intervention to chronic conditions as stroke, heart failure and COPD
→IHC might be characterized as the Hawthorne-effect in health care
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NeM-application 2:
Integrative Human Ressource Development (IHRD)
Objective Indicator Method
Empathy
(L2)
Capacity of association in dialogue
Meditation, Yoga, arts and social activity
Pragmatism
(L3)
Capacity in mathematical statistics
EDU in simple and complex positivism
Endurance
(L4)
Capacity to stabilize stressors
Fitness by exercize
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Conclusion
• Neuroeconomic applications:– Marketing analysis– Work group management– Integrative Human
Ressource Development
→Neuroeconomics should be part of economic education
Objective Indicator Method
Empathy
(L2)
Capacity of association in dialogue
Meditation, Yoga, arts and social activity
Pragmatism
(L3)
Capacity in mathematical statistics
EDU in simple and complex positivism
Endurance
(L4)
Capacity to stabilize stressors
Fitness by exercize