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Designer Babies

and

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

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1. Introduction

2.  What is Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis?

a. Process of PGD

b. Development of PGD

c. Risks and limits of PGD

3. Four Additional Ways to Use PGD

a. HLA Matching to save an older child

b.  Adult onset diseasesc. Sex selection

d. Selection for a disability 

4. Conclusion

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“Designer babies”  PGD: genetic testing of embryos before selection

 Way to have a healthy child

Possibility to use PGD to select other characteristics

Rise of ethical questions

1. Introduction

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1. Introduction

2. What is Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis?a. Process of PGD

b. Development of PGDc. Risks and limits of PGD

3. Four Additional Ways to Use PGD

a. HLA Matching to save an older child

b.  Adult onset diseasesc. Sex selection

d. Selection for a disability 

4. Conclusion

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a. Process of PGD

Egg extraction

IVFCell

biopsy Geneticanalysis

Embryotransfer

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b. Development of PGD

Originally developed for families affected by seriousgenetic illnesses

Recently used to improve success rates in infertility 

treatment 

 Also used nowadays to select characteristics not related to

health issues

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c. Risks and limits of PGD

Risks to the embryo

Not all diseases or non-health-related traits can be clearly 

diagnosed

Not all characteristics of future children can be selected No new genetic characteristics

Requires IVF

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1. Introduction

2.  What is Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis?

a. Process of PGD

b. Development of PGDc. Risks and limits of PGD

3. Four Additional Ways to Use PGD

a. HLA Matching to save an older child

b. Adult onset diseases

c. Sex selection

d. Selection for a disability

4. Conclusion

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a. HLA Matching to Save an Older Child

Have a baby who is an immunological match for anexisting seriously ill child

Known as Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) typing 

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b. Adult Onset Diseases

For mutations indicating risk for an adult-onset disease

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c. Sex Selection

To avoid a genetic disease caused

by a mutation on the X

chromosome To satisfy preferences of future

parents (non-medical sex

selection)

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d. Selection for a Disability

Select an embryo for the presence of a disease or disability 

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1. Introduction

2.  What is Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis?

a. Process of PGD

b. Development of PGDc. Risks and limits of PGD

3. Four Additional Ways to Use PGD

a. HLA Matching to save an older child

b.  Adult onset diseases

c. Sex selection

d. Selection for a disability 

4. Conclusion

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4. Conclusion

Ethical issues

Increased societal inequality 

Expense, discomfort and risks

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References

 Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Parental  Preferences: Beyond Deadly Disease, SusannahBaruch, J.D, Houston Journal of Health Law &Policy, 2008