Sectionalism Pt. II: “Growing Pains”

America’s Path to Civil War

".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and development of self government entrusted to us.”

John L. O’Sullivan1845

Mexico 1824

Pg. 350

Pg. 351

Battle of San Jacinto 1836 - Texas Gains Independence

Manifest Destiny

• A belief shared by many Americans in the mid-1800s that the United States should expand and spread democracy across North America.

Source: Holt pg. 354 & 355President James K. Polk(1845 - 1849)

(1844 -

Pg. 357

Immersion Review

A) How are the arguments made for/against California's admission into the union similar to the arguments made during the debate over Missouri's admission to the union?

B) How did the Compromise of 1850 contradict the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

C) What were the effects of the Fugitive Slave Act? Why did some Americans believe the Fugitive Slave Act was unfair?

Immersion Review

Chapter 15: A Divided Nation

“America’s Path to Civil War”

Main Idea #1 & #2

• How are the arguments made for/against California's admission into the union similar to the arguments made during the debate over Missouri's admission to the union?

• How did the Compromise of 1850 contradict [go against] the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

California Positions

• President James K. Polk: Extend the 36 30’ line to the West coast & divide the Mexican Cession into two parts--one free and one enslaved.

• Senator Lewis Cass: Popular Sovereignty - the people should decide on banning or allowing slavery.

California Positions

• Representative Wilmot Proviso: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of the territory.

• Senator Jefferson Davis: California should not enter the Union as a free state because it will destroy the balance between free and slave states.

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850• California would enter the Union as a free

state.

• Mexican Cession would be federal land. Popular sovereignty would decide slavery.

• Texas would give up land east of the Rio Grande & gov’t pays Texas’s debts.

• The slave trade--but not slavery--would end in the nation’s capital.

• A more effective fugitive slave law would be passed.

Main Idea #3

• What were the effects of the Fugitive Slave Act? Why did some Americans believe the Fugitive Slave Act was unfair?

Fugitive Slave Act

It is a crime to help runaway slaves and allowed officials to

arrest those slaves in free areas.

Abolitionists

• People in support of abolishing slavery.

Source: Holt pg. 454

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Main Idea #3

• What were the effects of the Fugitive Slave Act? Why did some Americans believe the Fugitive Slave Act was unfair?

“Bleeding Kansas”America’s Path to Civil War

Main Ideas

• What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act and how did it [contradict] the Missouri-Compromise?

• Identify how antislavery and proslavery supporters reacted to the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Zachary Taylor(1849 - 1850)

Zachary Taylor(1849 - 1850)

On the Fourth of July, the president endured hours of oratory under a broiling sun. Upon returning to the White

House, he attempted to cool off by consuming excessive amounts of cucumbers, cherries, and iced milk. He died five days later of a

violent stomach disorder.

--“Compromise of 1850”Hippocampus

Millard Fillmore(1850 - 1853)

Millard Fillmore(1850 - 1853) President Franklin Pierce

(1853-1857)

President Franklin Pierce(1853-1857)

“...and that no sectional...excitement may

again threaten the durability or our institutions.”

-- Franklin PierceInaugural address

Kansas-Nebraska ActMay 30th 1854

Source: Holt pg. 485-486

Kansas-Nebraska ActMay 30th 1854

• Divide the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase into two territories--Kansas and Nebraska

• Slavery decided by popular sovereignty

• Repeals the Missouri-Compromise of 1820

- slavery now possible

Source: Holt pg. 485-486

Kansas-Nebraska ActMay 30th 1854

Kansas-Nebraska ActMay 30th 1854

Source: Holt pg. 485-486Out of 2905 possible votes...6307 ballots were cast.

Kansas-Nebraska ActMay 30th 1854

• Divide the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase into two territories--Kansas and Nebraska

• Slavery decided by popular sovereignty

• Repeals the Missouri-Compromise of 1820

- slavery now possible

Source: Holt pg. 485-486Out of 2905 possible votes...6307 ballots were cast.

Kansas - Free or Slave?

Source: Holt pg. 485-486 Out of 2905 possible votes...6307 ballots were cast.

Kansas - Free or Slave?

"Come on, then, gentlemen of the slave states. Since there is no escaping your challenge, we accept it in the name of freedom. We will engage in competition for the virgin soil of Kansas, and God give the victory to the side which is stronger in numbers, as it is in right."

-- Senator William Seward, on the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, May 1854

Source: Holt pg. 485-486 Out of 2905 possible votes...6307 ballots were cast.

Kansas-Nebraska ActMay 30th 1854

Source: Holt pg. 485-486

Kansas-Nebraska ActMay 30th 1854

A. Pro-slavery majority wins the gov’t legislature

1. Crime to question slaveholders’ rights

2. Death penalty for helping slaves escape

B. An opposing anti-slavery legislature is also

created in Kansas

C. Kansas now has two opposing governments

Source: Holt pg. 485-486

Kansas-Nebraska ActMay 30th 1854

Dred Scott Debate

Dred Scott Debate

Was Dred Scott a citizen?

Did his time in the free territory make him free?

Could the government ban slavery in parts of the Louisiana Territory?

Dred Scott

Dred Scott

What was the decision in the

Dred Scott case?

What reasons did the Supreme Court give for its decision?

Dred Scott

Dred Scott

Slaves are property, not citizens and therefore not protected by

the Constitution

Congress has no constitutional authority to ban or outlaw

slavery in any federal territory

Missouri Compromise is completely struck down

Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858

Holt pg. 491

John Brown

John Brown

John Brown

Explain how the actionsof John Brown in the

Pottawotomie Massacre & at Harper’s Ferry would lead

some Southerners to talk about leaving the Union?

ELECTION OF 1860

Stephen A. Douglas--Democrat--

ELECTION OF 1860

Stephen A. Douglas--Democrat-- John C. Breckinridge

--Democrat--

ELECTION OF 1860

Stephen A. Douglas--Democrat-- John C. Breckinridge

--Democrat--

Abraham Lincoln--Republican--

ELECTION OF 1860

Stephen A. Douglas--Democrat-- John C. Breckinridge

--Democrat--

Abraham Lincoln--Republican--

John Bell--Constitutional Union--

Party

ELECTION OF 1860

African-Americans are entitled to the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

African-Americans are not social or political equals to whites.

As president, he will not change slavery in the South, but slavery could not expand.

Abraham Lincoln’s Views on African-Americans

Southern States Secede

Confederate States of America

MississippiFlorida

AlabamaGeorgiaLouisiana

Texas

Confederate ConstitutionCitizens guaranteed the right to

own slaves.--President--

Jefferson Davis of Mississippi