Pre-APChemistry11AtomicTheoryII

Name:Date:Block:

1. ElectronicStructure2. ElectronConfiguration3. ECRelationshiptoPeriodicTable4. CoreNotation5. ElectronConfigurationofIons

ElectronicStructureWhatyoushouldalreadyknow…BOHRDIAGRAMS:Example:Calcium

• Firstshellhas2electrons• Second,thirdshellhas8electrons

Energylevel

• Aspecificamountof____________whichan____________inanatomcanpossess

Bohr’sPostulate#1

• Thehydrogenatomhadonlycertainallowed___________________________orstationarystates.• Thelowest(smallest)orbitwascalledthe“________________________”anddesignatedn=1.• Thelargerorbitswerecalled“________________________”anddesignatedasn=2,n=3,n=4,etc.

Bohr’sPostulate#2

• Aslongastheelectronmovedwithinthesameenergylevel,theelectrondidnotradiateorabsorbenergy

Bohr’sPostulate#3

• Theelectroncouldonlymovefromoneallowedenergyleveltoanotherifit_____________________or_____________________anamountofenergyequaltotheenergydifferentbetweenthetwoenergylevel.

ExpandingBohr’sTheory

• Eachenergylevelissplitupinto___________________and___________________.

AtomicOrbitals• SHELL(sciencehallway)àSUBSHELL(room212)àORBITAL(rowintheclassroom)• Eachorbitalcanhold______electrons• Weusedtodrawelectronsas“dots”butnowwewilldrawthemasarrows:• “s”subshell=____orbital=canholdamaximumof____electrons

Ø Ex:1ssubshelllookslikethis:• “p”subshell=____orbitals=canholdamaximumof____electrons

Ø Ex:2psubshelllookslikethis:• “d”subshell=____orbitals=canholdamaximumof____electrons

Ø Ex:3dsubshelllookslikethis:• “f”subshell=____orbitals=canholdamaximumof____electrons

Ø Ex:4fsubshelllookslikethis:

• IntheBohrmodel,theshellsincreaseinnumericalorder=toosimplistic!

• Orbitalsincreaseinenergybutnotnumerically…

Ø Electronsfillorbitalsfromthelowestenergy

Ø Canyoureadthediagramontheright?o Followthearrows…

1s2s2p3s3p4s3d4p5s4d5p6s4f5d6p7s5f6d7p

Howcanwerememberthisorder…?

Don’tworry!IthastodowiththewaythePeriodicTableisorganized!!!Staytuned…ElectronConfiguration&OrbitalDiagrams

• Showswheretheelectronsarelocatedwithintheorbitals.

• Therearethree“rules”thatwemustremember:

Rule#1:AufbauPrinciple

• Means_______________________inGerman• Whenfillingorbitalsthe_____________________energyorbitalsavailablearealwaysfilledfirst.

Rule#2:PauliExclusionPrinciple

• Eachorbitalcanholdamaximumof___________electrons.

Rule#3:Hund’sRule

• Whenorbitalsof________________energyarebeingfilled,electronsaremoststablewhenorbitalis_____________________-occupiedbeforeanyorbitalis____________________-occupied.

• Ex:Carbonhas_________electrons.

1s 2s 2p

Let’spractice!Element Numberof

electronsFullElectronConfiguration OrbitalDiagram

Lithium 3

Beryllium 4

Boron

Carbon

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Fluorine

Neon

1s 2s

1s 2s 2p

ElectronConfigurationRelationshiptoPeriodicTable

CoreNotationSometimesweneedashortcuttowritetheelectronconfiguration.WeuseNOBLEGASEStoelectronconfigurationtowriteoutCORENOTATION.Example:Magnesium

Ø FullElectronconfiguration:

1s22s22p63s2

Ø Corenotation:Practice:

1. Co

2. Rh

3. Ir

4. K

5. Rb

6. Cs

7. Cl

8. Br

9. I

10. N

11. P

12. As

13. Doyounoticeanypatterns?

ElectronConfigurationofIonsNegativeIons:

• Example:

PositiveIons:

• TwoRules:1.

2.

• Writethecorenotationfortheatom,thenremoveelectronsintheorder:Example:

Practice:1.Writetheelectronconfigurationofthefollowingions,usingcorenotation:

1.H- 2.Sr2+

3.Br- 4.N3+

5.Ti2+ 6.N2-

7.Mn2+ 8.Ge4+

9.Fe3+ 10.Ge2+

11.Ru3+ 12.Sb3+

2.Usetheperiodictabletocompletethefollowingtable:AtomorIon ElectronConfiguration CoreNotation

Ge

Zn2+

Sr

Br-

Sn

In3+

3. Usetheperiodictabletoidentifytheneutralatomshavingthefollowingelectronconfigurations:

ElectronConfiguration ElementName

[Ne]3s2

[Ar]4s23d5

[Kr]5s24d105p3

[Xe]6s24f7

4. Considerthefollowingsixions:N3-O2-F-Na+Mg2+Al3+a) Howmanyelectronsarepresentineachion?

b) Writeasingleelectronconfigurationrepresentingalloftheions.

c) Whichneutralatompossessthiselectronconfiguration?

5. Completethefollowingtableforsomeelementsintwofamiliesoftheperiodictable:Alkalimetals CoreNotation #OuterElectrons Halogens CoreNotation #OuterElectrons

Lithium

Fluorine

Sodium

Chlorine

Potassium

Bromine

Rubidium

Iodine

a) Considerthenumberofouterelectronspresentandsuggestareasonwhyelementsbelongingto

thesamechemicalfamilydemonstratesimilarchemicalbehavior.

b) Whatchangeoccursintheatomsaswemovedowneachchemicalfamily?