Practicing Delivery

Parts 5 & 6

Special Occasion Speeches

Introduction- speech designed to pave the way for the main speaker 2-3min

Presentation- Speech that present an award, a prize or a gift to an individual or a group 3-5 min

Acceptance- a response to a presentation 1-2 min

Welcoming- speech that expresses pleasure for the presence of a person or an organization 2-3 min

Tribute- speech that praises someone’s accomplishments 4-6 min

Commencement address- a speech presented by a major political, business, or a social figure, or a prominent alumnus, during graduation ceremonies

Keynote address- a speech presented near the beginning of an organization’s conference or convention that is designed to inspire participants in their work

Commemorative address- speeches that are presented to celebrate national holidays or anniversaries of important dates and events

Manuscript speech- speech that is written out completely and read aloud

Special Occasion Speech Assignment

Choose any type of special occasion speech that you would like to present

Time 2-3 minutes

Outline: Required

Notes: 1 side of 1 3x5 index card

Visuals: 1 required

Methods of Delivery

Manuscript Speaking- reading a speech form a written text

Memorized Speaking- delivering a speech word for word from memory without using notes.

Speaking from a written or memorized speech outline without having memorized the exact wording of the speech

Notes Should be Brief Notes Should be Legible Notes Should be Unobtrusive

Extemporaneous speaking

Impromptu speaking

Delivering a speech with out advance preparation

Predict When You May Be Asked to Speak Accept the Invitation with Assurance Present a Definite Viewpoint Early Present Reasons, Logic, or Facts to Support

Your Viewpoint Don’t Apologize Don’t Ramble On

Vocal Delivery

Pitch- the highness and lowness of your voice

Voice- the vehicle that communicates the words of the speech

Volume- the loudness of the tone you make

Rate- the speed in which you talk

Quality- the tone, timbre, or sound of voice

Articulation- the shaping of speech sounds into recognizable oral symbols that combines to produce words

Pronunciation- the form and accent of various syllables of a word

Accent- the inflection tone, and speech habits typical of the natives of a particular country, region, state, or city

Final tips

Finish drafting your speech at least 2 day before performance

Rehearse your speech aloud to help determine where you need notes

Revise your speech to assist with keeping time requirements

Prepare speaking notes

Rehearse speech standing Present speech to someone else Tape or video speech rehearsal Rehearse with presentation aids Re-create the speech environment Practice good delivery skills while

rehearsing “ Practice makes perfect if practice is perfect.

Guidelines for DeliveryVisual Elements

Dress EffectivelyStep Up to Speak with Confidence and

AuthorityGet Set Before SpeakingEstablish and Maintain Eye ContactBegin Without Looking at Your NotesStand and Move EffectivelyDon’t Pack Up EarlyMove Out Confidently When Finished

Guidelines for DeliveryVerbal Elements

Use an Oral Speaking StyleKeep Most Sentences ShortUse Personal Pronouns FreelyUse the Active VoiceUse Contractions OftenAddress Your Listeners Directly

Don’t Emphasize MistakesUse Proper Vocabulary, Enunciation, and

Pronunciation

Guidelines for DeliveryVocal Elements

Speak with Enthusiasm and SinceritySpeak Loudly Enough to Be HeardAvoid Disfluencies

Guidelines for DeliverySpeaking on Camera

ClothingFace, Eyes, and Body LanguageHairMakeupJewelryUsing Notes

Question and Answer SessionsWhen to Answer Questions

During the PresentationAllow for Extra TimePromise to Answer Premature

Questions LaterDuring the Presentation

Question and Answer SessionsHow to Manage Questions

Start the Ball RollingAnticipate Likely QuestionsClarify Complicated or Confusing QuestionsTreat Questioners with RespectKeep Answers Focused on Your GoalBuy Time When NecessaryAddress Your Answer to the Entire AudienceFollow Your Last Question with a Summary

Nonverbal Messages: Body & Sound

Nonverbal Communication

Nonverbal Communication- messages expresses by other than linguistic means. This rules out sign language, and written words.

Some nonverbal behaviors have different meanings from culture to culture. “OK” in France means you’re worth zero, in Greece and turkey it is a sexual invitation.

Functions

Repeating- saying north then pointingSubstituting- “what’s up” You shrug your shouldersComplementing-the attitude that people have with one anotherAccenting-emphasisRegulating-cues in conversation as to who takes the leadContradicting- “I am not angry” but you are red with bulging veinsDeceiving-you show that you are lying by body movement

I. Kinesics- The study of body position and motion

Body orientation- the degree to which we face toward or away from someone with our body, feet, and head

Posture

Gestures-movements of hands and arms

A. Emblems = are anonverbal substitute for the verbal message

B.B. IllustratorsIllustrators = visually = visually demonstrate & accompany demonstrate & accompany the verbal messagethe verbal message

The fish was this big

C.C. Affect DisplaysAffect Displays = any = any emotional responseemotional response

D.D. RegulatorsRegulators = group of = group of behaviors that encourage behaviors that encourage or discourage or discourage communicationcommunication

E.E. AdaptorsAdaptors = = satisfy some satisfy some needneed

III.III. Eye CommunicationEye Communication

A. Functions of Eye Contact

1. seek feedback2. regulate the flow of

communication

V.V. Paralanguage- Paralanguage- the the vocal, but nonverbal, vocal, but nonverbal, dimension of speech. dimension of speech.

Refers to the manner in which you say something rather than what you say

A. Rate B. Volume C. Pitch D. RhythmE. SilenceF. Disfluencies- uh, um,er,

etc.

I. Proxemics- The study of the way people use space

A. Edward T. Hall’s 4 Spatial Distances

IntimatePersonal

SocialPublic

1. Intimate: 0 - 18”

Intimate distance-close to actual touching (0 to 18 in apart) the presence of the other person is unmistakable

2. Personal: 18” - 4’

Personal distance- allows you to stay protected and untouched by others (18in-4 ft)

3. Social: 4’ -12’

Social distance- (4 ft to 12 ft) you visual detail

4. Public: 12-25’

Public distance- (12 ft to 25 ft) person completely protected by space

Slide 39

Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

Chapter Summary

Functions of Supporting MaterialVerbal SupportVisual Aids

Slide 40

Functions of Supporting Material

ClarityInterestProof

Effective Supporting Material Adds...

Slide 41

Verbal SupportTypes of Verbal Support

ExamplesStoriesStatisticsComparisons

Continued...

Slide 42

Verbal SupportTypes of Verbal Support

CitationsCite the Source in a Way That Adds to the

Credibility of Your PresentationCite Sources That Have Credibility with Your

AudienceParaphrase Lengthy or Confusing CitationsRestate the Point of Long Citations

Slide 43

Visual Aids

Objects and ModelsPhotographsDiagramsLists and Tables

Keep the Visual Aid SimpleUse Numbered And/Or Bulleted Lists to

Emphasize Key PointsUse Text SparinglyUse Large TypeEnhance the List’s or Table’s Readability

Types of Visual Aids

Continued...

Slide 44

Visual Aids

Pie Charts Place the Segment You Want to Emphasize

at the Top-Center Label Each Segment List the Percentage for Each Segment

Types of Visual Aids

Continued...

Slide 45

Visual Aids

Continued...

Types of Visual Aids--Sample Pie Chart

Slide 46

Visual Aids

Bar and Column Charts Always Represent Time on the Horizontal

Axis Running From Left to Right Arrange the Bars in a Sequence That Best

Suits Your Purpose Make Sure the Numerical Values Are

Clearly Represented

Types of Visual Aids

Continued...

Slide 47

Visual AidsTypes of Visual Aids

Sample Bar and Column Charts

Continued...

Slide 48

Visual Aids

Continued...

PictogramsGraphs

Types of Visual Aids

Slide 49

Visual Aids

The same data can be distorted by varying the horizontal and vertical size and axes of a graph.

Types of Visual Aids

Slide 50

Visual AidsMedia for Presenting Visual Aids

Flip Charts and Poster BoardTransparencies

Show Only When You Are Discussing ThemNever Remove or Replace Images While the

Projector is OnConsider Using a Piece of Paper or Cardboard to

Cover Parts of an Image You Haven’t Discussed Yet

Face the Audience as You Speak

Continued...

Slide 51

Visual AidsMedia for Presenting Visual Aids

SlidesKeep the Show BriefUse a Remote-Control with a Long CordTalk to Your Listeners, Not to the Screen

HandoutsComputerized DisplaysVideotape

Continued...

Slide 52

Visual AidsPresentation Software

Advantages of Presentation SoftwareDeliver On-Screen Show with Special EffectsCreate Visuals in Many Formats, Including Slides,

Overhead Transparencies, and Screen OutputOrganize a Set of Speaker’s Notes for YourselfPrepare a Variety of HandoutsCreate “Run-Time” Versions of Your DisplaysCreate Charts, Graphs, and Tables

Slide 53

Visual AidsPresentation Software

Possible Problems When Using Presentation SoftwarePoorly Conceived MessagesDesign Over ContentOverly Complex Presentations

Slide 54

Visual AidsGuidelines for Using Visual Aids

SelectionBe Sure You Have a Reason for Using a

Visual AidMatch the Sophistication of Your Visuals to

the Audience

Continued...

Slide 55

Visual AidsGuidelines for Using Visual Aids

DesignMake Sure the Visual is Large Enough to SeeKeep the Design of Your Visuals SimpleUse Only a Few WordsUse Only Horizontal PrintingLabel All Items for Clear Identification

Continued...

Slide 56

Visual AidsGuidelines for Using Visual Aids

PresentationDon’t Display a Visual Until You Are Ready for ItRemove a Visual After Discussing ItMake Sure Your Visuals Will Work in the Meeting RoomPractice Using Your Visuals