GROUP FOUR OF DIPLOMA CIVIL “A”

Presentation On Fuel & Combustion

Submitted By Submitted ToGroup4 Mr Tarang Agarwal SirDiploma Civil A

Group MembersMohd Arif-DCE2013018Mohit kr Rajput-DCE2013048Mohd Tassavar-DCE2013098Wasim Ahmad-DCE2013010Mohd Danish-DCE2013022Shoaib Parvez-DCE2013054Mohd Suhel-DCE2013042

Introduction

• Fuels

• Non-renewable Conventional Sources

• In Mechanical, Electrical & Chemical

operations.

Characteristics of Good Fuels:

• High Calorific Values

• Moderate Ignition Temperature

• Low Moisture Content

• Low Ash Content

• Moderate Velocity of Combustion

• Should not produce harmful products

• Low Cost

• Easy Storage & Transportation

• Easily Controllable

Classification

• Natural or Primary Fuels

Solide.g.

Wood, Peat, Lignite, Bituminous

Coal, Dung

Gaseouse.g.

Natural Gas

Classification

fuel may be classified as:solid,liquid,gaseous

depending upon their state

Solide.g.

Coke,Charcoal,

Gaseouse.g.

Coal Gas, Water Gas,

Bio-Gas

Solid Fuel.Coalcoal is the most common solid fuel.it is generallydark brown/black.sedimentary rock which is derived from unoxidised remain of animal and plants

TYPES OF COALPeatLigniteBituminusAnthracite

.

Advantages & Disadvantages Of Solid Fuels:

Advantages(a) They are easy to transport.(b) They are convenient to store without any risk of spontaneous explosion.(c) Their cost of production is low.(d) They posses moderate ignition temperature Disadvantages(a) Their ash content is high.(b) Their large proportion of heat is wasted.(c) They burn with clinker formation.(d) Their combustion operation cannot be controlled easily.(e) Their cost of handling is high.

Liquid Fuelsfuels that are in liquid form are called liquid fuels.These are generally obtained from petroleum & its by product.these liquid fuel are a complex mixture of hydrocarbon that are obtain from refining the crude petroleum oil

some of the liquid fuel are:petroldieselkerosine

The advantages and disadvantages of liquid fuels are:

Advantages:(a)They posses higher calorific value per unit mass than solid fuels.(b) They burn without dust, ash, clinkers, etc.(c)They are easy to transport through pipes.(d) They can be stored indefinitely without any loss

Disadvantages(a) The cost of liquid fuel is relatively much higher as compared to solid fuel.(b) Costly special storage tanks are required for storing liquid fuels.(c) There is a greater risk of five hazards, particularly, in case of highlyinflammable and volatile liquid fuels.(d) They give bad odour

GASEOUS FUELSThese are the fuel that are in gaseuos phase.gaseous fuel are also hydrocarbonWhich are derived from petrolium reserve.most common gaseous fuel is natural gas(methye is the main component) gaseous fuel may also be produceArtificially from burning solid fuel(coal & water)

Some of the gaseous fuels produce artificially:Natural gasCoal gasProducer gas,etc.

The advantages and disadvantages of gaseous fuels

Advantages(a) They are clean in use.(b) They do not require any special burner.(c) They burn without any shoot, or smoke and ashes.(d) They are free from impurities found in solid and liquid fuels.

Disadvantages(a) Very large storage tanks are needed.(b) They are highly inflammable, so chances of fire hazards in their use is high.

CombustionCombustion is defined as the process of burning of a substance in the presence of air or oxygen with the liberation of light and heat.

Lets see some Images

Combustible Substances

Substances that burn in air to produce light and heat are called combustible substances

Eg- Paper , Wood , Kerosene , LPG .

NoN-Combustible Substances

Substances that do not burn in air to produce light and heat are called combustible substances

Eg-Water , Sand , Glass , Cement .

Calorific Values:

• Calorific Value of fuel is the total quantity of heat liberated by complete combustion of a unit mass (or volume) of the fuel.

Lower Calorific Value

Higher Calorific Value

Calorific Values

Higher Calorific Values:

• It is the total amount of heat liberated, when unit mass / volume of the fuel is burnt completely and the products of combustion have been cooled to room temperature (i.e. 15oC).

Lower Calorific Values:

• It is the net amount of heat liberated, when unit mass / volume of the fuel is burnt completely and the products of combustion are allowed to escape.

THANKING YOU SIR FOR GIVING A GLORIOUS CHANCE TO PRESENT THIS PRESENTATION AT THE FRONT OF CLASS

WE ARE VERY THANKFUL Mr.Tarang Agarwal Sir

THE END