BRIDGES AND ITS TYPES

DEFINITION OF BRIDGE

Components of bridge Substructure:• Piers and Abutments• Wing walls and Returns• Foundation Bearings Superstructure or Decking

Substructure:

Bearings

Superstructure or Decking

TYPES OF

BRIDGES

SLAB

BEAM

ARCH

SUSPENSION

CABLE-STAYED

GIRDER

TRUSS

Type of superstructures• Slab (9m)

ADVANTAGES & DISADANTAGES

• Minimum depth for short spans

• Ease of design and detail

• Aesthetic for small stream crossings

• Not the most economical solution

• Requires formwork structure

• Limited span length

Beam (10 to 60m)

ADVANTAGES & DISADANTAGES

• Helpful for short spans.

• Long distances are normally covered by placing the beams on piers

• Costly even for rather short spans, since expensive steel is required as a construction material

• Sagging tendency is increased when the bridge span or load is increased.

Girder (10 to 60m)

ADVANTAGES & DISADANTAGES• Fairly simple• Easy to install and

maintain• Extremely rugged• Small deflections

• low strength to weight ratio

• Plate girders have limited spans

• Limited visibility through the structure

Truss• Simply supported (30 to 375m)• Cantilevered combination

(550m)

ADVANTAGES & DISADANTAGES• Economical To

Build• Very Strong• Road Placement• Built In Difficult

Places

• Complicated Design

• Maintenance• Waste of Materials• Very Heavy

Arch• Small Spans (3 To 15m)• Steel Arch (519m) • Concrete Arches (305m)

ADVANTAGES & DISADANTAGES• Provide Higher

Levels Of Resistance

• Made From Virtually Anything

• Stronger The More They Work

• Spans Of The Bridge Are Limited

• Require Extra Maintenance

• Take A Long Time To Build

Suspension (500m up to 1400m)

ADVANTAGES & DISADANTAGES• Span of Great

Lengths• Flexibility• Simple

Construction

• Soft Ground Issues• Too Flexible• Cannot Support

High Traffic

Cable stayed(300 to 600m)

ADVANTAGES & DISADANTAGES• Good for medium

spans• Greater stiffness• Can be constructed

by cantilevering out from the tower

• Cables won't break under extreme temperature

• Typically more expensive than other types of bridge

• Wind is a big factor. It can rock the bridge side to side, causing the cables to become lose

Classification of bridges Flexibility of superstructure• Fixed span superstructure• Movable span bridges

Position of bridge floor relative to the formation level• Deck bridges• Through bridges• Semi through bridges

Inter-span relations• Simply supported• Continuous• Cantilever

Method of clearance for navigation• Movable – Bascule Bridge• Movable – Swing Bridge• Movable – Lift Bridge• Transporter

Expected utility period of service• Temporary bridges• Military (pontoon, bailey)• Permanent bridges

Road level relative to the highest flood level• Causeway• High-level• Submersible

BRIDGE MAINTAINENCE• Locating voids and delamination's in bridge

pavements and scour around bridge support columns.

• Determining location and types of reinforcing steel in concrete

Ensuring quality control on new concrete installations

Corrosion Control • Protective Coatings• Barrier Coatings • Metallizing

Noise barriers• Security fencing• Bridge mounted • Roof mounted 

THANK

YOU