Post on 18-Dec-2015
Population HealthPopulation Healthfor Health Professionalsfor Health Professionals
Part IIPart II
Lifestyle Factors
and
The Prevention Movement
Health PromotionHealth Promotion
Any intervention that seeks to eliminate or reduce exposures to harmful factors by modifying human behaviors; or any combination of health education and related organizational, political and economic interventions designed to facilitate behavioral and environmental adaptations that will improve or protect health
Concerned specifically with sociobehavorial processes
““Genes load the gun.Genes load the gun.Lifestyle pulls the trigger”Lifestyle pulls the trigger”
Dr. Elliot Joslin
Lifestyle Factors
Choices Made In Regard To:Choices Made In Regard To:
Smoking Nutrition Exercise Substance Abuse Rest Stress Sexual behavior
Other Life-style Factors
SmokingSmoking
“Tobacco is the most important single preventable cause of death in the United States today” USDHHS, 1990
Responsible for 400,000 deaths/year. Smoking is increasing among teenagers
in the US
NutritionNutrition
Poor diet and lack of activity account for about 300,000 deaths each year.
Major concernsObesityHigh Fat DietHigh Sugar Diet
Healthy Eating Healthy Eating RecommendationsRecommendations
Eat at least three modest meals/day Moderate fat intake Moderate sugar intake Avoid large portions Eat five servings of fruits and vegetables
daily
ExerciseExercise
“If exercise came in a bottle, it would be the most widely prescribed medicine known to man.”
Unknown Physician
Substance AbuseSubstance Abuse
Alcohol--“A little is helpful, too much is deadly”
Accounts for 100,000 deaths each year Binge drinking is the number one
campus life problem on college campuses in America.
SleepSleep
Most people need about 8 hours nightly to function at maximum capacity.
Over two-thirds of Americans report a sleep-related problem.
Sleep deprivation has been implicated in recent train, bus, and airplane crashes bringing attention to the importance of sleep.
StressStress
Continual stress in life sets off chemical reactions in the body than can eventually lead to illness.
Individuals constantly under stress are at greater risk for heart disease and other conditions.
Practicing healthy habits can help alleviate stress.
Sexual BehaviorSexual Behavior
Abstinence is only sexual behavior absolutely free of risk, followed by life-time mutual monogamy entered into at virginity
Unsafe sex exposes an individual toHIV virusHepatitis BGenital herpesOther sexually transmitted diseasesUnwanted pregnancy
Other Behavioral ContributorsOther Behavioral Contributors
Firearms#1 cause of death among young menSuicide and homicide in the top causes of
death in the US Pollutants and Toxins
AsbestosOther occupational hazards
Discussion TimeDiscussion Time
To what extent does behavior change require
Personal Responsibility ?
or
Changes in Policy, Regulations, Culture ?
Growing Interest In Prevention Growing Interest In Prevention Is Due To Is Due To
National focus on prevention through Healthy People process
Debates about possible national health care plans
The move to managed approaches to care and care financing
Demand from informed consumers
Primary Reason Given for Primary Reason Given for Offering Prevention ProgramsOffering Prevention Programs
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Other reasons
Onset of managed care
Patient demand
To decrease medical costs to patient
To reduce health risk factors for patients
Marketing efforts to community
Percent
Prevention RequiresPrevention RequiresChanged ViewChanged View
Population Health Focus on prevention Focus on groups Tax dollars is the
main source of support
Has been administered through the public health system
Traditional Medicine Focus on treatment Focus on individuals Strong advocates of
free enterprise
Summary of Module 3, Part 2 Summary of Module 3, Part 2
Unhealthy lifestyle factors are major contributors to cause of death in the US.
The top factors of concern are:smoking, diet/exercise, and alcohol abuse.
The “Prevention” trend has become an important part of healthcare.
Module AuthorsModule Authors
Diane B. Wilson EdD, RD
Associate Professor
Mary S. McLellan MS,RD
Research Associate
Medical University of South Carolina