Post on 02-Oct-2015
description
POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
Amaliya Rasyida
Material Polimer / 3 sks
Teknik Material dan Metallurgi
Fakultas Teknologi Industri
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
http://ajigunturgeni.blogspot.com/2009/12/polymers-and-plastics-introduction.html
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
Polymer classification Basis of source
1. Natural Polymer Alam, Tumbuhan, hewan
Polysaccharides
Protein
Nucleic acid
Natural rubber
etc
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Basis of source
BIOPOLYMER (polymers which are naturally found in
nature; produce by living organism; polymeric
biomolecule)
(i) polysaccharrides are made of sugars (Eg. Cellulose
found in plant)
(ii) proteins of amino acids (Eg. Myoglobin i.e muscle
tissue)
(iii)nucleic acids of nucleotides (Eg. DNA genetic
material of a given organism)
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Basis of source
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Basis of source
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Scaffold made from biodegradable polymer
A
P
P
L
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
Polymer classification Basis of source
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Basis of source
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Basis of source
2. Synthetic Polymer (man made polymer) Eg. Polyethylene, PVC, Nylon, Teflon, synthetic rubber, etc
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Basis of source
Synthetic Rubber
- SBR Earliest synthetic rubber tire application
- NBR excellent resistance to oil and are extensively used for washing machine parts, hoses and flexible couplings
- Neopreneheavy-duty applications and is specifically useful at high temperatures.
- etc
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Basis of source
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
High Temperature Neoprene hose
Polymer classification Basis of source
Natural Vs Synthetic Rubber?
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Basis of source
Biopolymer vs Synthetic Polymer
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Key word Biopolymer Synthetic
Structure Complex molecular assemblies that adopt precise and defined 3D structure
Simpler and more random
Process produced from renewable resources such as plant and/or living organisms
derived from petrochemicals or chemical processes
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
Polymer classification Structure
1. Linear Polymer Eg. HDPE, PVC, Nylons, polyesters etc.
- Single chain
- Their molecules are closely packed hence they high density, tensile strength and melting point.
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Randomly oriented straight chains can
be pretty messy
Neatly packed straight chains can
make crystals!
Polymer classification Structure
2. Branched Polymer Eg. LDPE
They have a straight long chain with different side chains.
Their molecules are irregularly packed hence they have low density, tensile strength and melting point.
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Structure
The degree to which polymer chains pack together will determine the rigidity of it.
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Structure
3. Network or Crosslinked Polymers Eg. Bakelite, formaldehyde resins, vulcanised rubber etc.
Monomeric units are linked together to constitute a three dimensional network.
Elastic
Low viscosity
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Structure
Elastomers are elastic polymers created by limited cross-linking.
As the number of cross-links increases, however, the polymer becomes more rigid and cannot stretch as much; the polymer will become less viscous and less elastic and might even become brittle.
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Structure
How to distinguish easily between those categories?
Cross-linked polymers are usually insoluble (dont dissolve) in solvents because the polymer chains are tied together by strong covalent bonds. Other polymers are usually soluble (they dissolve) in one or more solvents because it is possible to separate the polymer chains which are not covalently linked
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
Polymer classification - Applications
1. Rubber (Elastomer)
High molecular weight polymer
TS 300 3000 psi
Elongation 300-1000 %
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification - Applications
2. Plastic
- Tough substance with high MW that can be molded with/out the application of heat
- Usually stronger than rubber (TS 4000-15000 psi)
- Elongation 20 200%
Eg. PE, PP, PVC, PS, etc
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification - Applications
3. Fiber
- Long chain characterized by highly crystalline region
- Much lower elasticity than plastics and elastomers
- High TS 20000-150000 psi
- Posses moisture absorption properties
- Light weight
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification - Applications
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a DWNT-polymer fiber which exhibits high strength and toughness. The inset shows a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of a well ordered bundle of DWNTs which are the constituents that make up the macroscopic fibers (Image: Northwestern University, 2010)
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
Polymer classification Properties
THERMAL PROPERTIES
Respon suatu polimer terhadap gaya mekanik pada suatu temperatur tertentu berhubungan dengan struktur molekulnya.
Klasifikasinya didasarkan pada perilakunya terhadap kenaikan temperatur.
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Properties
THERMOPLASTIC
Common thermoplastic polymers include polyethylene, polystyrene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), and poly(vinyl chloride)
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Properties
THERMOSETTING
vulcanized rubbers, epoxies, and phenolics and some polyester resins, are thermosetting.
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Sometimes used in semiconductors and integrated circuits
Polymer classification Properties
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Properties
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Roda Phenolic. Suhu Maksimum : 260 C. Aplikasi : Trolley untuk oven pemanggang roti, dan aplikasi lain pada suhu panas.
Polymer classification Properties
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Some polymers (such as the polyesters) may be either thermoplastic or thermosetting. WHY?
Polyester thermoplastic -PET Unsaturated Polyester Resins (UPR) - Orthophthalates, Isophthalates, Terephthalates and Vinyl Esters
Polymer classification Properties
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Thermosetting polyesters will be cross-linked, while thermoplastic ones will have linear structures without any appreciable crosslinking.
Polymer classification Properties
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
Polymer classification Polymerization
Polymers may be synthesized by:
1. Chain polymerization: Free Radical Polymerization i.e. Addition (three steps : initiation, propagation, and termination)
2. Step polymerization: Condensation polymerization
3. Ring Opening Polymerization
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Polymerization
1. Addition polymer
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Polymerization
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Polymerization
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Polymerization
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Polymerization
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Polymerization
2. Condensation polymer Two different monomer units, each containing two functional groups, react by eliminating a small molecule like water
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Polymerization
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
Polymer classification Polymerization
3. Ring opening
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization
POST TEST
1. Klasifikasikan jenis polimer berdasarkan basis resourcenya, dan jelaskan perbedaan dari kedua jenis tersebut
2. Jelaskan masing2 karakteristik dari klasifikasi polimer berdasarkan strukturnya serta berikan contohnya
3. Sebutkan secara singkat perbedaan rubber, plastik, dan fiber polimer
4. Sebutkan dan jelaskan perbedaan thermoplastik dan thermosetting
5. Sebutkan macam cara mensintesis polimer dan jelaskan secara singkat konsep dasarnya.
Basis of source Structure Applications Properties polymerization