Political Stages Classical South Asia

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Alexander remained in India only a short time.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Alexander remained in India only a short time.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Alexander remained in India only a short time.

Chandra-gupta

Maurya founded the empire via conquest.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Alexander remained in India only a short time.

Chandra-gupta

Maurya founded the empire via conquest.

Ashoka expanded & centralizedpower in Ganges valley.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Alexander remained in India only a short time.

Chandra-gupta

Maurya founded the empire via conquest.

Ashoka expanded & centralizedpower in Ganges valley.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Alexander remained in India only a short time.

Chandra-gupta

Maurya founded the empire via conquest.

Ashoka expanded & centralizedpower in Ganges valley.

Greek-speaking conquerors ruled northern India, while regional

kingdoms ruled the south.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Alexander remained in India only a short time.

Chandra-gupta

Maurya founded the empire via conquest.

Ashoka expanded & centralizedpower in Ganges valley.

Greek-speaking conquerors ruled northern India, while regional

kingdoms ruled the south.

Bactrian rule continued India’s connections with various parts of

Eurasia via trade.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Alexander remained in India only a short time.

Chandra-gupta

Maurya founded the empire via conquest.

Ashoka expanded & centralizedpower in Ganges valley.

Greek-speaking conquerors ruled northern India, while regional

kingdoms ruled the south.

Bactrian rule continued India’s connections with various parts of

Eurasia via trade.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Alexander remained in India only a short time.

Chandra-gupta

Maurya founded the empire via conquest.

Ashoka expanded & centralizedpower in Ganges valley.

Greek-speaking conquerors ruled northern India, while regional

kingdoms ruled the south.

Bactrian rule continued India’s connections with various parts of

Eurasia via trade.

Nomadic conquerors from Central Asia ended

Bactrian rule.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Alexander remained in India only a short time.

Chandra-gupta

Maurya founded the empire via conquest.

Ashoka expanded & centralizedpower in Ganges valley.

Greek-speaking conquerors ruled northern India, while regional

kingdoms ruled the south.

Bactrian rule continued India’s connections with various parts of

Eurasia via trade.

Nomadic conquerors from Central Asia ended

Bactrian rule.

Kushan rulers built an empire embracing

modern-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Northern India.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Alexander remained in India only a short time.

Chandra-gupta

Maurya founded the empire via conquest.

Ashoka expanded & centralizedpower in Ganges valley.

Greek-speaking conquerors ruled northern India, while regional

kingdoms ruled the south.

Bactrian rule continued India’s connections with various parts of

Eurasia via trade.

Nomadic conquerors from Central Asia ended

Bactrian rule.

Kushan rulers built an empire embracing

modern-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Northern India.

India continued to be well connected to the

Silk Road trade network, as had been

the case under Bactrian rule.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Alexander remained in India only a short time.

Chandra-gupta

Maurya founded the empire via conquest.

Ashoka expanded & centralizedpower in Ganges valley.

Greek-speaking conquerors ruled northern India, while regional

kingdoms ruled the south.

Bactrian rule continued India’s connections with various parts of

Eurasia via trade.

Nomadic conquerors from Central Asia ended

Bactrian rule.

Kushan rulers built an empire embracing

modern-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Northern India.

India continued to be well connected to the

Silk Road trade network, as had been

the case under Bactrian rule.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Alexander remained in India only a short time.

Chandra-gupta

Maurya founded the empire via conquest.

Ashoka expanded & centralizedpower in Ganges valley.

Greek-speaking conquerors ruled northern India, while regional

kingdoms ruled the south.

Bactrian rule continued India’s connections with various parts of

Eurasia via trade.

Nomadic conquerors from Central Asia ended

Bactrian rule.

Kushan rulers built an empire embracing

modern-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Northern India.

India continued to be well connected to the

Silk Road trade network, as had been

the case under Bactrian rule.

Gupta founders

conquered some regional kingdoms and

allied with others to build

an empire.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Alexander remained in India only a short time.

Chandra-gupta

Maurya founded the empire via conquest.

Ashoka expanded & centralizedpower in Ganges valley.

Greek-speaking conquerors ruled northern India, while regional

kingdoms ruled the south.

Bactrian rule continued India’s connections with various parts of

Eurasia via trade.

Nomadic conquerors from Central Asia ended

Bactrian rule.

Kushan rulers built an empire embracing

modern-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Northern India.

India continued to be well connected to the

Silk Road trade network, as had been

the case under Bactrian rule.

Gupta founders

conquered some regional kingdoms and

allied with others to build

an empire. The Gupta was not as large as the Mauryan

Empire, leaving

independent kingdoms in the south.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Alexander remained in India only a short time.

Chandra-gupta

Maurya founded the empire via conquest.

Ashoka expanded & centralizedpower in Ganges valley.

Greek-speaking conquerors ruled northern India, while regional

kingdoms ruled the south.

Bactrian rule continued India’s connections with various parts of

Eurasia via trade.

Nomadic conquerors from Central Asia ended

Bactrian rule.

Kushan rulers built an empire embracing

modern-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Northern India.

India continued to be well connected to the

Silk Road trade network, as had been

the case under Bactrian rule.

Gupta founders

conquered some regional kingdoms and

allied with others to build

an empire. The Gupta was not as large as the Mauryan

Empire, leaving

independent kingdoms in the south.

Intermittent Empire in Classical South AsiaMauryan Empire

(321-185 BCE)Gupta Empire(320 - 550 CE)

Kushan Empire(1 - 300 CE)

Bactrian Rule(182 BCE - 1 CE)

White HunInvasions

(450 - 550 CE)

Alexander’sInvasion

(327-325 BCE)

PersianInvasion

(520 BCE)

<- 136 Years -> <-- 230 Years --><---- 183 Years ---> <------- 299 Years -------->

PersianKing

Darius invaded

andconquered

parts ofnorth-

westernIndia.

Persianadmin

techniqueinfluenced

India.

Alexander of Macedon’s

troops invade India.

Alexander remained in India only a short time.

Chandra-gupta

Maurya founded the empire via conquest.

Ashoka expanded & centralizedpower in Ganges valley.

Greek-speaking conquerors ruled northern India, while regional

kingdoms ruled the south.

Bactrian rule continued India’s connections with various parts of

Eurasia via trade.

Nomadic conquerors from Central Asia ended

Bactrian rule.

Kushan rulers built an empire embracing

modern-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Northern India.

India continued to be well connected to the

Silk Road trade network, as had been

the case under Bactrian rule.

Gupta founders

conquered some regional kingdoms and

allied with others to build

an empire. The Gupta was not as large as the Mauryan

Empire, leaving

independent kingdoms in the south.

Gupta de-centralized

rule left them un-

prepared to fend off the White Hun invasions,

from Central

Asia.