Politeness of a billionaireHello Krzysztof

I hope you are doing terrific and had a great weekend.

I believe I have been issued my Polishbirth certificate and as soon as I havethe documents from Poland I will be

going to the embassy to get my passport. At least that is the plan

today. I hope by the end of the month I will have the passport.

I do not know Mr. Johnson although I certainlyknow of him. I will see if I can get hiscontact information for you.

I would love to come to Poland just to have some time with youagain. I will need to make sureone of those dates will work and that I can do it logistically. One way or another I will work with you to find a slot.

Take care dear friend

•If Ronaldo goes, everybody wows!

•If I go, you willwow!

Cultural differencesJapanese, Polish and Spanish language speakers would likelysay"the vase broke" or"the vase got broken" when talking about an accident– meaning: "the vase broke itself.”American/Australian: „I broke the vase”

Komunikacja listowna/mailowaDIRECTNESS

Dear Mr. Johnson/Sir,I would like to ask you kindly to issue a B1/B2 visa to my cousin, Peter Borowczyk, since I wouldlike to invite him to U.S. to spendone month vacations with me during summertime.

Komunikacja listowna/mailowaDIRECTNESS

I am an American citizen, running a production company here in Spriengfield, Illinois. I want Peter to visit his family in U.S as well as go on a trip to California during his stay here. I will cover allhis expenses here.I would appreciate your positivedecision.

How many languages are spoken in Europe?• [Encyclopedia of the Languages of

Europe puts the number at around275.] • Zwykle ludzie są zaskoczeni ilością

języków. Na świecie szacuje się około 5500 do 6000 różnych języków (nie mówimy o odmianach i dialektach!). A jaki język w Europie ma najwięcej native speakerów? • Otóż rosyjski, ponad 100 milionów

ludzi

Lingua franca

A language used for communication

between groups of people who speak

different languages

•„I” in British – EGO!!!•Continental vs. Island•Tunnel under The English Channel – vs. La Manche•Moat - fosa

•“The candidate submittedan application for the job.” vs. “The candidate applied for the job.”

SIMPLICITY

“The police conducted aninvestigation into the murder.” vs. “The police investigated the murder.”

Speak or write to express (English, American), not to impress (e.g. Indian, French, Polish)

SIMPLICITY

“Allow the bill to be paid by me.” (Far East, Middle East)The English “Let me pay” or “I’ll pay” would sound a bit rude and abrupt.

Codzienność – słowa „wytrychy”

See you later - goodbye

I get it / I got it - I understand

For sure - definitely; certainly

For real - true; honest

Whatever - I don’t care

Plastered / sloshed / smashed / wasted -(very) drunk

• Bananas/go bananas /nuts/go nuts

•Meaning: crazy; out of control; beyond belief• “The line at the post office was so

long and slow, I was going bananas.”• “Yeah, that place is nuts at lunch

time.

Off the hook / Off the chain / Off the hingeMeaning: very fun and exciting; out of control in a good way• “Last night’s party was off the

chain!”“I know, right? Those mojitos

Brandy was mixing were off the hook.”

To buy somethingMeaning: to believe something„Peter’s story is just too crazy. I don’t buy it!”

Dude - a synonym for “man” or “guy.” to dude up - to get dressed up in stylishclothes.

• girlfriend: “Who’s that dude over there?”• boyfriend: “Dude, I can’t see where you’re

pointing!”• girlfriend: “Look, the one by the bar who’s

all duded up like he’s a movie star orsomething.

Shut up!• This can obviously mean “be quiet,” but it

also functions as an exclamation to express that what someone just told youis too shocking to believe.

• “Did you hear that Amy and Ben got backtogether?”

• “Shut up!“

• “No, really, I’m serious!”

I hear you / I hear ya• Meaning: I empathize with your point of

view

• “I’m kinda sad to be back from vacation. I wish I was still on that sandy tropicalbeach.”

• “I hear ya. After I got back from Acapulco, the view from my apartment depressedme for weeks.”

•“Tell me about it,” is the sarcastic alternative, as in “don’t tell me about itbecause I already know toowell!”

•If Ronaldo goes, everybody wows!

•If I go, you willwow!

Amerykanie i Brytyjczycy mają wbity do głowy patriotyzm Patriotic pride is hammered into them from youth).

Nigdy nie żartujemy z ich oddania dla ojczyzny, dumy z armii i zaszczytu służby wojskowej. Podobnie nigdy nie należy czynić żadnych aluzyjnych uwag w odniesieniu do tragedii 9-11 (to temat ciągle bardzo bolesny).

Brytyjczycy bardzo chętnie zaczynają wypowiedź dotyczącą nawet oczywistych faktów zwrotami zostawiającymi pewien margines rezerwy i ostrożności w wyrażaniu opinii. A więc nie usłyszymy:• *He is drunk – a raczej• I think he is drunk – a nawet• I think that he may be drunk.• Także typowe jest I guess...

Szczególnie w USA jest szybkie przechodzenie “na Ty” – Call me Bill.

Typowe jest przy powitaniu „hi, hello, good morning etc.” -dodanie „How are you? How do you

do? How have you been, etc.”

“Take care” „See you later” „have a nice evening” etc. To bardzo, charakterystyczna miła cecha językowa i kulturowa.

HOMOPHONES

• Break – brake

• Die – dye

• Hear – here

• Ate – eight

• Deer – dear

• Know – no

• Blew – blue

• Hour - our

HETERONYMS

• They were too close to the door to close it.

• The bandage was wound aroundthe wound.

• We must polish the Polishfurniture shown at the store.

• The soldier dicided to desert histasty dessert in the desert.• I did not object to the object which

he showed me.

•If Ronaldo goes, everybody wows!

•If I go, you willwow!

Conditionals

– Zdania warunkowe

SYTUACJE WARUNKOWE

JEŚLIBY BYŁ JEŚLIBY JEŚLI GDY/KIEDY

SPÓJNIKI WARUNKOWE

if – jeżeli

unless – chyba że

even if – jeżeli nawet

if only – jeżeli tylko

in case – w przypadku, gdy

in the event – w razie

whether – czy

as long as – dopóki

provided, providing, on condition (that) – pod warunkiem

Tzw.: TYP 0

Zdania opisujące zasady/ zwyczaje/ reguły

Tzw.: TYP 0

Zdania opisujące zasady/ zwyczaje/ reguły

• A red light comes up if you press the main button.

• It gets dark when the sun goes down.

If water reaches 100 degrees,

it boils.

If I too much bananas, I feel

lazy.

Tzw.: TYP I

Zdania przedstawiające realne możliwości.

Tzw.: TYP I

Zdania przedstawiające realne możliwości.

You will pass the exam if you learn harder.

Zdasz egzamin, jeżeli będziesz się więcej

uczył.

He won’t come to lecture for us unless we

invite him in writing.

On nie przyjedzie do nas na wykłady, chyba

że zaprosimy go w formie pisemnej.

If we get the money for thisjob, we will buya new car.

has recommended it,If he recommended it, the quality will be good

was recommending it

If you heat water, it

evaporates faster.

If flowers do not get water,

they die.

ZADANIE DO ROZWIĄZANIA – przetłumacz, proszę

If you heat water, it evaporates faster.

Jeżeli ogrzewasz wodę, ona wyparowuje

szybciej.

If flowers do not get water, they die.

Jeżeli kwiaty nie dostają wody, więdną.

ROZWIĄZANIA

If I am am shopping tonight, I will buy

it for you.

If Barbara is at home now, we shall

help us in this matter.

ZADANIE DO ROZWIĄZANIA – przetłumacz, proszę

If I am am shopping tonight, I will buy it for you.

Jeżeli będę robił zakupy wieczorem, kupię to dla

Ciebie.

If Barbara is at home now, we shall help us in

this matter.

Jeśli Barbara jest teraz w domu, pomoże nam w

tej sprawie/kwestii.

ROZWIĄZANIA