Polish approach to nutrient recycling …

Manure management

Beata Jurga & Tamara Jadczyszyn

HELCOM Workshop on nutrient recycling in the Baltic Sea countries27-28 March 2017, Berlin, Germany

bjurga@iung.pulawy.pl

Characterization of Polish agriculture

• Agricultural land

- 60.3%

• Arable land - 45.5%

• Meadows and pastures

- 12.5%

• Orchards - 0.9%

Livestock density in Poland

• Average livestock density

between years 2010-2012

0,48 LU*ha -1 AL

• Area under good agric.

practice 90% of AL

The majority of manures in

Poland is still solid manure

• Agricultural land

- 60.3%

• Arable land - 45.5%

• Meadows and pastures

- 12.5%

• Orchards - 0.9%

Phosphorus fertilization needs

Source: Ochal 2014

Consumption of P from mineral fertilizers in the farming year 2012/13 (kg per 1 ha AL) CSO 2014

% of soils with low & very low P content

Source: CSO 2014

11,2 kg P/ha

Manures management Storage capacity

• Liquid manures must be stored in sealed, covered containers!

• The required capacity of farms tanks must secure the possibility of storing manures for at least 4 months, and in NVZ - for a period of 6 months – detailedalgorithm determining capacity

• Manure slabs are mandatory for big farms (installations) and on NVZs but manyfarmers decided to use manure slabs on a voluntary basis

• Periodic storage of solid manure on the ground is approved only on the NVZ

Manures management Buffer zones

A buffer zone of width at least 5 m for manures and fertilizers applicationand at least 10 m for slurry application should be mainained from:

Lakes and water bodies of 50 ha;

Canals of a width at the bottom of at least 1.5 m at the mouth

Waterways excluding ditch up to 5 m

Source: www.balticdeal.eu

Differentiation is made for size of waterbodies

Manures management Periods of application

• Soilid or liquid manures and organic fertilizers shall be applied on arable land

from 1st March to 30th November

• Manures and organic fertilizers shall be applied on arable land from 1st March to 15th November

• Liquid manures on permanent meadows and pastures shall be applied from

1st March to 15th August

• Soilid manures on permanent meadows shall be applied from 1st March to 30th November and on

permanent pastures from 1st March to 15th April & from 15th October to 30 November

• Nitrogenous mineral fertilizers on arable land and perennial crops shall be applied from

1 st March to 15th November while on permanent meadows and pastures shall be applied from 1st

March to 15th August

Manures management Nutrient bookkeeping

• Big farms (installations) for the intensive rearing of poultry or pigs

• Farms greater than 100 ha on NVZ

• Big farms importing manures

• Farmers implementing chosen agri-environmental packages

smaller farms restrictions!

are obliged to prepare fertilization plan and

to get approval from an agricultural advisor

Advisory system for fertilization on arable land:

• Calculation of fertilizer doses based on the nutrient balance at the field scale

• Recommnedations for NPKMg fertilization and soil liming

The assessment of the nutrient management practices in plant production

at the farm scale based on soil surface nutrient balance

Advisory system for fertilization at the field scale

• Nutrient balance calculation at the farm scale

• (the compilation of NawSald and Macrobil)

Manures management Nutrient balancing – IT tools

MACROBIL – A Decision Support System for sustainablenutrient management at the farm level

The assessment of fertilization system based on the soil surface nutrient balance calculated for farm

In soil surface balance all nutrients that enter the soil are treated as inputs.

All nutrients removed from the soil constitute the output.

Inputs:

- fertilizers (NPK) applied

- manures

- another external sources of nutrients (organic fertilizers, soil improvers, etc.)

- by-products ploughed down

- biological fixation of nitrogen (Papilionaceae)

- atmospheric deposition of N

Output:

- nutrients removal in plant products

Manure production submodel

• Internal database used standard amount of NPK in animal excreta

• Required data:

- number of animals in technology group

- animal housing system (no litter, shallow litter, deep litter)

Output of Macrobil tool

Nutrient management indicators

National Chemical-Agricultural Station

• Provide scientific monitoring

• Cheap soil analysis

Points without watertesting (2733)Points with water a nalysisVoivodeship borders

Monitoring points on arable lands (3919) Monitoring points on grasslands (1011)

Points without watertestingPoints with waterVoivodeship borders

Manures management Public services

Agricultural advisory service in Poland

Free nutrient calculators available on-line :

• https://poczta.schr.gov.pl/strony/Doradztwo/Nawozenie.php

• http://iung.pulawy.pl/Nawozenie/Nawozenie.php

Manures management Public services

Agricultural AdvisoryCentre in Brwinów

Branch in Kraków

Branch in Poznań

Branch in Radom

• Voivodeship Advisory Service Centers (NUTS V)

• Local advisory team in powiat (NUTS IV)

• Advisors in gminas (NUTS V)

The limit of 170 kg of N organic introduced

in whole territory by the Act of 10th July 2007

on fertilizers and fertilization

Source: Kopiński & Jurga /unpublished/

Manures management Results

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4

TON

NES

OF

NU

TRIE

NTS

GROSS INPUT OF NUTRIENTS FORM MANURES 1995-2014

Nitrogen production from manure Phosphorus production from manure

Gross Nutrient Balances

Source: Kopiński, 2015

Estimated surplus contains a quantity of nutrients that

are potentially emitted into the atmosphere, washed

or leached into groundwater or surface water,

and accumulated or depleted from soils

= Indicator of agricultural pressure on the environment

44,8

62,1

52,057,3

47,852,0 53,0

48,2

54,8

39,8

30,035,040,045,050,055,060,065,070,0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Gross N surplus kg/ha UAA

5,0

9,9

6,77,8

4,15,3

6,1

3,3 3,6

0,8

0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Gross P surplus kg/ha UAA

Challenges for nutrient management in Poland

Total number of farms - 1426 thousands

Even small farms consist of many individual farmlands

309 thousands farms with arable land up to 2 ha

28 thousands farms with arable land > 50 ha

The average size of agricultural land

on the farm is 10.48 ha

Conclusions

If agriculture is expected to generate social, environmental andeconomic benefits a sufficient water resources must be secured

Farmers tend to implement proven cheapest and most effectiveof recommended measures that science and advisory system shallprovide

Flexible, voluntary measures should be properly communicatedand promoted.

A tailored suport for agriculture is needed to sustain keyproduction and social role of agriculture

Capacity for improvements

know-how and technology are already there

• Broad and comprehensive array of recommendations

• Free balancing tools available online

• Low nutrient balance

• Free trainings available

• Legally binding manure storage

• Great number of natural and artificial ponds

Conclusions

Source: www.balticdeal.eu

Legal acts framing nutrient recycling in Poland

• Act of 10th July 2007 on fertilizers and fertilization Dz.U. 2007 nr 147 poz. 1033

• Waste Law Dz.U. 2013 poz. 21

• Law on Renewable Energy Dz.U. 2015 poz. 478

• Water Law Dz.U. 2001 nr 115 poz. 1229

• Regulation on waste recovery Dz.U. 2015 nr 0 poz. 132

• Act on the feed Dz.U. 2001 Nr 123 poz. 1350

• Law on Animal Protection Dz.U. 1997 nr 111 poz. 724

• The Strategy for Responsible Development of Poland

• The Strategy for Sustainable Development of Rural Areas, Agriculture and Fisheries

• Nitrate Directive

Thank you for your attention!