Post on 15-Jan-2016
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Software
System Software
Application Software
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System Software
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What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program) Software controls the hardware Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)• Data
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Software Categories
System Software• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers• Utility Programs
Application Software
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One of the First“Personal Computers”
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One of the First“Personal Computers”
(1975)
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Without an Operating System Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
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Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
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Working with Application Software
Users
Software
Hardware
Application Software
System Software
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Operating SystemWhat It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
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“Booting” (starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power supply.
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Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or directories).
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Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in binary form.
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning between types unless a file is marked in some manner for identification by the operating system.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
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File Storage
A file is a named collection of data stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
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File Names
DOS - FILENAME.EXT
8 . 3• FILENAME - Determined by user• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255 characters• My First Lab for CS110.doc
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Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
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Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:• Start the application, then open the file
OR• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
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Operating System Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in both ROM and RAM in the computer.
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Software Main Memory
RAM
BIOSHardware
ROM
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Software Main Memory
BIOS
Windows
HardwareROM
RAM
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Software Main Memory
BIOS
Windows
HardwareROM
Application1RAM
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Software Main Memory
BIOS
Windows
HardwareROM
Application2
Application1RAM
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Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a program being too big to fit into the available RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down, because retrieval of information from the disk is time consuming.
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Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
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Single-user, Single-tasking
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Multi-user, Multi-tasking
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Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
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Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
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Menus
Pull-up menu - a list of options that pulls up from the bottom of the screen
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Menus
Fly-out menus - menus that seem to explode out to the right
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Menus
Pull-down menu - a list of options that pulls down from the top of the screen
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My Computer Window
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Handhelds Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
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Operating System Trends
User-friendlyNetworkingMulti-userMulti-taskingOpen vs. Proprietary
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Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
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Examples of Utilities
Calculator Notepad Virus Check Check Disk for errors De-fragment disk
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Disk Cleanup
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Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
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Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported by the Operating System
Examples:• CD-ROM• Scanners• New Printers• MODEMs
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Windows User Interface
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Mac OS User Interface
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Linux User Interface
Windows Folders
Like File Folders
CS110
Folders may contain Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
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Application Software
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Working With Files
Budget
Application Software
User
File
OPERATING SYSTEM
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Associating File Extensions with Applications
Can you connect each
data file with its application(s)?
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Types of Application Software
Copyright• Commercial• Shareware• Freeware• Rentalware
Non-Copyright• Public domain
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Application Software Word Processing Desktop Publishing Spreadsheet Graphics Database Reference E-mail Games
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The Help CommandHelp command - a command generating a table of contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you locate answers
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Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters Job Applications Reports Publication
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Early Document
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Fonts
Font - typeface and type size
10 point Times New Roman
14 pointArial Black
16 pointCourier
32 pointArial
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Word Processing Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
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Spreadsheet GraphicsAnalytical graphics - graphical forms that make numeric data easy to analyze
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DatabasePersonal Information Manager
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Software Suites Usually contain:
• Word Processor• Spreadsheet• Database• Communications
Examples:• Microsoft Office• Lotus SmartSuite• COREL Office
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Desktop Publishing Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
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Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
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Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
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Drawing & Painting ProgramsDrawing program - graphics software that allows users to design and illustrate objects and products
Painting program - graphics program that allows users to simulate painting on screen
Vector image
Raster image
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Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once something is drawn, it becomes part of the overall painting
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Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a single item
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CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
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Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people, costs, and resources to complete a project on time
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FTP File Transfer
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Audio Editing
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Windows Media Player
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Intellectual Property Copyright
• Publisher owns software• User is granted a license to use it• No copies to be made• Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
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Software Licenses
Signed Contract Shrinkwrap Single-use Multi-use Concurrent-use Site License
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Software Piracy
Illegal copying of Software
Illegal Distribution of Software
Illegal Use of Software
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What is software piracy? Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of software product(s) protected by U.S. and international copyright law. On average, for every authorized copy of computer software in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated" copy is made. In some countries, up to 99 unauthorized copies are made for every authorized copy in use.
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Diskette Software Installation1 of 30
30 of 30
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CD-ROM Software Installation
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Exam Next WeekLectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
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Sample Exam QuestionsFill-ins:The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia form.“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:Web Cable Information Comp-com
Multiple choice:Which is the main circuit board in the computer? a. RAM chip (random access memory) b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit) c. motherboard (system board) d. hard drive
Short answer:What is multimedia?What is the function of RAM?What does downloading mean?