Chapter 5: Tissue Types

Plant Structure and Life SpanRoot vs. Shoot System

F3 Form Follows FunctionDifferent EnvironmentsDifferent adaptations

Plant Structure and Life SpanHerbaceous Plants

No wood above groundAnnuals i.e. corn, geraniums, marigoldsBienniels i.e. carrots, cabbage

Plant Structure and Life SpanWoody Plants

Produce woody shoot systemAll are perennials

Some herbaceous also perennials Differences in shoot vs. root system

Cells and Tissues (table 5-2)Ground Tissue

What is tissue? Simple Complex

Primary and secondary cell walls

Cell and Tissue TypesGround Tissue/Parenchyma Cells

Most common type of herbaceous cellStoragePhotosynthesisSecretionAbility to differentiate

Cells and TissuesGround Tissue: Collenchyma

Unevenly thickened primary cell wallsElongatedAct as support tissue (celery)

Cells and TissuesGround Tissue: Sclerenchyma

Primary and secondary cell wallsScleroids

Variable in shape Act as support Pears

Fibers Long and tapered Clumped Wood, bark, plant veins

Cells and TissuesVascular Tissue: Xylem

Transports water and mineralsTracheids = chief water conducting cells in

gymnosperms and below Passes through pits

Vessel Elements = flowering plants (angiosperms) Perforations at end with pits in side walls

Cells and TissuesVascular tissue

Phloem Moves food materials from photosynthesis 4 types

Sieve-tube elements = conduct food materials in solution

Companion Cells = cell that assists sieve-tube Phloem Fibers Phloem Parenchyma Cells

Cells and TissuesDermal Tissue

Epidermis Outermost layer of herbaceous plants Stomata Guard Cells Trichomes

Periderm Replaces epidermis in woody plants Made of cork/cork parenchyma cells

Plant MeristemsFunction in cell growth (only part of the plant

that grows)DivisionElongationDifferentiation

Primary and secondary growthSecondary = Primarily gymnosperms and

woody dicotsMeristematic cells do not differentiate

Plant MeristemsPrimary Growth takes place at the apical

meristemTip of roots and shootsProtected by root capSmall and boxyArea of division

Encyclopedia Britannica

Plant MeristemsPrimary Meristems

Area of cell elongationSome differentiation3 types of meristems

Protoderm Procambrium Ground Meristem