Post on 04-Apr-2018
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OBJECTIVES:
Define planning.
Discuss the principles of
planning.Enumerate the purpose of
planning.
Discuss the stages of planning.
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Explain the planning steps and process.
Forecasting or estimating the future.
Philosophy and objectives.
Identify planning strategies.
Setting the time frame.
Preparing the budget.
Discuss the types of planning.
Identify factors that are resistant toplanning.
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A plan of action for the foreseeable future
Selecting missions, objectives, and
actions, and requires decision making
Includes the WHY, the WHAT, the
WHEN, and the WHO
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Manages, Clarifies, and Focuses the
institution for project development
Serves as organizations framework
Pursue business strategies over the
next 3 5 years
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Based and focused on the vision,
mission philosophy and clearly
defined objectives.
Continuous process.
Utilizes all available resources.
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Precise in its scope andnature.
Time-bounded.Must be properly documented.
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Increases chance of success
Improves decisions
Establishes a framework for
decisionsOrients people to action rather
than reaction
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Includes day-to-day and future-
focused managing
Avoids crisis management
Provides basis for managing
performance
Increases employee involvement
Cost-effective
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Stage 1 Analysis of Opportunities
Stage 2 Identify Aim of Plan
Stage 3 Explore Options
Stage 4 Select the Best Option
Stage 5 Detailed Planning
Stage 6 Evaluation of Plan
Stage 7 Implementing Change
Stage 8 Closing the Plan
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STAGE 1
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Formal Analysis
Strength and WeaknessOpportunities and Threats
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Discovering the risk
Estimating the risk factorManaging the risk factor
Regular monitoring of the applied
strategy
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STAGE 2
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Sharpens the focus of plan
Best expressed in a simple single
sentence
Can be presented as:
Vision Statement Mission Statement
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Vision
The highest quality of patient careprovided through the advancement of
nursing practice.
Mission
Provide science-based, technologically
precise, compassionately deliverednursing care.
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What do I want the future to be?
What benefits do I want to give?
What returns do I seek?
What standards am I aiming at?
What values do I and my organization
believe in?
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STAGE 3
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Generate as many options as
possible
Come up with less obvious but better
solutions
Improve best ideas with parts fromother ideas
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STAGE 4
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Carry out detailed planning, costing,
and risk assessment2 useful tools in selecting the best
option:
Grid Analysis
Decision Tree
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STAGE 5
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Working out the most efficient and
effective way of achieving the aimDetermine who will do what,
when, where, how, and why, and
at what cost.
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State the current situation
Have a clear aim
Use the resources available
Detail the tasks to be carried out
Detail control mechanisms
Identify risks and plan for contingencies
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STAGE 6
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Investigate other options
Accept that no plan is needed or shouldbe implemented
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PMI (Plus/Minus/Interesting)
Cost/ Benefit Analysis
Force Field Analysis
Cash Flow Forecast
6 Thinking Hats
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STAGE 7
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Your plan will explain HOW
Include details the controls that you will
use to monitor the execution of the plan
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STAGE 8
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Carry out an evaluation of the project
Are there any lessons you can learn? Evaluation of project planning and see if
it can be improved
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Planning Steps/
Process
1 F ti ti ti
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1. Forecasting or estimating
the future
Forecasting- deals with the future.
Estimating - deals with the present and
the past.
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It analyzes the past, current and futureforces that affect the organization
- Expectation of outside/ inside interests
- Environment, demographic, resources,legal, technological factors should also beconsidered
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- Establishing nursing diagnosis and
interventions
- Prioritization
2 Defining the Philosophy and
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2. Defining the Philosophy and
Objectives
Mission:A statement of purpose that
described the performance, what it
should be and what it will be.
Goal: Is the aim, intention, terminal
point, anticipated outcome of every
action
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Philosophy: Values and beliefs by the
nursing administration and practice w/in
an organization , on what the
management and practice are/shouldbe
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It states belief as to how the mission is
achieve
Ex. We believe that: We are dedicated
to providing the most effective and
efficient patient care.
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Objective: They are action commitment
on how to achieve the mission and
retained the philosophy (the what).
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Characteristics of
objectives
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Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic and challenging
Time-bounded
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Identifying Strategies
St t i
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Strategies
are series of actions or behaviors that
assist planners in achieving the
objectives
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The Planning Formula(Kron)
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WHATWhat should be done? What
equipment and supplies have been used
or are needed? What steps are
necessary in the procedure? What otherefficient methods may be used?
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WHENWhen should the job be done?
When was it formerly done? When could
it be done?
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WHEREWhere is the job being done?
Where does an activity occur in relation
to those activities immediately preceding
and following it? Where supplies couldbe stored, cleaned and so forth?
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HOWHow will the job be done? What
are the steps to be followed in doing the
procedure? How will the time and
energy of the personnel be used? Howmuch will it cost? How much time will it
require?
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WHOWho has been doing the job?
Who else could do it? Is more than one
person involved?
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WHYto each of the question, ask why.
Why is this job, this procedure, this step
necessary? Why is this done in this way,
in this place, at this time, by this person?
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CANCan some steps or equipment be
eliminated? Can this activity be
efficiently combined with other
operations? Can somebody else do itbetter? Can we get a machine to help?
Can we get enough money?
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Setting the TimeFrame
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Time management
is a technique for allocating ones time
through the setting of goals, assigning
priorities, identifying and eliminating
wasted time
using managerial techniques to each
goals efficiently
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Time Management
Principles
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Anticipating future problems
Prioritization of tasks
Setting deadlines
Delegation of works
Coordination and support
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Role of Nurse In Time
Planning
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1. Leadership Roles
2. Management functions
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Leadership Roles
a. Is self aware .
b. Functions as role model.
c.Assists the follower .
d. Prevents and /or filters
interruptions.
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e. Prioritizes professional over
technical aspects.
f. Role-models flexibility .g. To be vigilant for absenteeism
h. Setting standards , monitoring
results
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Management functions
a.Appropriately prioritizes day to
day planning.
b.Analyses the adequacy .c. Utilizes appropriate technology .
d. Daily planning is to be done.
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e. Setting long-range or short-
range goals.
f. Plan strategies and schedules
the jobs.g. Delegation of the job to
others
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Time-saving Techniques,Devices, and Methods
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- Conduct an inventory of activities
- Setting goals and objectives
- Time planner
- Break down large projects into smaller
parts.
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- Organizing work place
- Learn to delegate
- In a meeting, define the purpose clearly
before starting
- Develop effective decision-making skills
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Preparing the Budget
Budget
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Budget
is an annual plan, intended to guide
effective use of human and material
resources, products or services, and
managing the environment to improve
productivity. Swansburg, R. (2002)
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Identifies how much should be kept for
essential and regular expenses as well
as non-essential spending and areas
where spending can be reduced.
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In nursing, budgetary planning helps
ensure that clients or patients receive the
nursing services they want and need from
satisfied nursing workers.
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A good budget is based on objectives; is
simple, flexible, and balanced; has
standards; and uses available resources
first to avoid increasing costs
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a systematic plan that is an informedbest estimate by nurse administrators of
revenues and nursing expenses
It projects how revenues will meet
expenses and projects a return on
equity, that is, profit.
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The budget should be stated in terms of
attainable objectives to maintain motivation
of nurses at the unit of cost-center level.
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The nursing budget serves three
purposes:
1. To plan the objectives, programs, and
activities of nursing services and the
fiscal resources needed to accomplish
them.
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2. To motivate nursing workers through
analysis of actual experiences.
3. To serve as a standard to evaluate the
performance of nurse administrators and
managers and increase awareness of
costs.
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1. Determine the productivity goal
2. Forecast the workload
3. Budget patient care hours
4. Budget patient care hours and staffing
schedule
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5. Plan non-productive hours
6. Chart productive and non-productive
time 7. Estimate cost of supply and service
8. Anticipate capital expenses
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1. Formulation Stage
2. Review and Enactment
3. Execution Stage
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Method of budgeting used to controlcosts
Type of budget where no program istaken for granted and each program
must be justified each time funds are
requested.
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Part of budget planning
Includes items such continuing
education program, employees benefitfares, and health promotion program.
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It determines a range of volume instead
of an actual volume which is much moredifficult to plan
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-Dimensions are based on time span
and complexity or comprehensiveness.
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what are the right things to do
a.k.a. long range planning
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It is a long-term plan and includes the
development of overall organizational
goals and objectives, major initiatives,
taking into consideration external
environmental factors that affect the
operations on a long-term basis
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how does one do things right
a.k.a. operational or short range
planning
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It is concerned with the efficient, day-to-
day maintenance activities or use of
resources allocated to the unit and
directed towards the fulfillment of unit
objectives
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look at a shorter time frames, have a
narrower scope, and focus in more
detail (Arndt & Huckabay)
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similar to operating plans, involves
mapping out the day-to-day activities
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- Resistance almost always
accompanies change because change
alters the balance of a group
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Kotter and Schlesinger cited 4 reasons
for resistance to change:
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Self-interest
Misunderstanding
Low tolerance to change
Different perspectives on the
situation
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Ford and McNamara listed othersources of resistance:
Complacency
Resignation
Cynicism
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Communicate
Involve
Support
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Negotiate
Co-opt
Coerce