Post on 09-May-2018
us
efu
l te
rmin
olo
gy:
pa
tro
n a
nd
pa
tro
na
ge
bu
on
fre
sc
og
ris
ail
lefo
res
ho
rte
nin
gic
on
an
d i
co
no
gra
ph
ym
an
iera
gre
ca
("G
ree
k m
an
ne
r"
bu
t re
fers
to
th
e B
yza
nti
ne
sty
le)
hu
ma
nis
m
Co
nce
pt
qu
es
tio
ns
:
Wh
y d
o c
lass
ica
l co
nc
ep
ts o
f a
rt b
ec
om
e
mo
re a
pp
ea
ling
th
an
th
e B
yza
nti
ne
an
d
Me
die
va
l ex
am
ple
s?
Wh
ere
an
d w
he
n d
o
we
see
a t
ran
sit
ion
?
is t
he
re a
n e
arl
y R
en
ais
sa
nc
e s
tyle
? w
ha
t a
re t
he
so
urc
es
of
this
sty
le?
Wh
at
do
we
m
ean
by
sty
le?
Ma
nie
ra g
reca
vs
the
"Ro
ma
n"
styl
e
Pie
tro
Ca
valli
ni:
St.
Ce
cilia
-in
-Tra
ste
vere
: L
ast
Ju
dg
me
nt:
d
et.
: S
t. J
am
es
the
Yo
un
ge
r; f
resc
o, c
. 12
90
Be
rlin
gh
ieri
:S
ain
t F
ran
cis
a
nd
Sc
enes
fr
om
His
Lif
e
12
35
alt
arp
iec
e
tem
pe
ra o
n
pa
ne
l5
' x 3
' x 6
'
by
zan
tin
e
Go
als
fo
r th
is c
ha
pte
r:•
to u
nd
ers
tan
d a
nd
re
co
nc
ile t
he
ex
iste
nc
e
of
mo
re t
ha
n o
ne
sty
listi
c in
flu
en
ce
on
R
en
ais
sa
nc
e a
rt a
nd
arc
hit
ec
ture
•re
co
gn
ize
re
as
on
s f
or
the
re
jec
tio
n o
f m
ed
iev
al e
lem
en
ts a
nd
th
e in
cre
as
ing
in
tere
st
in t
he
na
tura
l wo
rld
•b
ec
om
e f
am
ilia
r w
ith
th
e r
ev
iva
l of
hu
ma
nis
m a
nd
its
infl
ue
nc
e o
n a
rt•
de
ve
lop
fa
mili
ari
ty w
ith
ele
me
nts
of
the
p
atr
on
ag
e s
ys
tem
•re
co
gn
ize
th
e t
ec
hn
iqu
e k
no
wn
as
a f
res
co
a
nd
th
e p
rob
lem
s w
ith
its
sta
bili
ty o
ve
r ti
me
mo
re c
las
sic
al?
mo
re G
oth
ic?
Ch
. 14:
late
med
ieva
l or
pro
to-R
enai
ssan
ce?
Ita
ly in
th
e 13
th-1
4th
c.
AR
T21
6-01
Sp
rin
g 2
012
Art
His
tory
Su
rvey
: F
rom
th
e R
enai
ssan
ce t
o t
he
21st
ce
ntu
ry
Dr.
Bar
ris
ww
w.r
adfo
rd.e
du
/rb
arri
s
Thi
s im
age
and
the
text
cor
resp
ondi
ng to
this
imag
e m
ay o
nly
be u
sed
for
nonc
omm
erci
al, e
duca
tiona
l, an
d sc
hola
rly
purp
oses
.Im
ageP
age
1 of
7
Pro
to r
enai
ssan
ce 1
4th
cent
Ita
ly.p
rs
La
me
nta
tio
nP
ac
t (L
. sid
e o
f c
ha
nc
el)
Vis
ita
tio
n (
R.
sid
e)
Ca
iph
as
Ir
eV
irtu
es
of
Te
mp
era
nc
e a
nd
Ju
sti
ce
Gio
tto
di B
on
do
ne
fre
sc
oe
s f
or
the
Sc
rov
eg
ni C
ha
pe
l (a
lso
c
alle
d t
he
Are
na
Ch
ap
el a
nd
th
e P
ad
ua
Ch
ap
el)
pa
tro
n:
En
ric
o S
cro
ve
gn
i (fo
r h
is f
ath
er,
an
in
fam
ou
s u
su
rer)
loca
tio
n:
Pa
du
a, I
taly
Thi
s im
age
and
the
text
cor
resp
ondi
ng to
this
imag
e m
ay o
nly
be u
sed
for
nonc
omm
erci
al, e
duca
tiona
l, an
d sc
hola
rly
purp
oses
.Im
ageP
age
2 of
7
Pro
to r
enai
ssan
ce 1
4th
cent
Ita
ly.p
rs
Te
mp
tati
on
on
th
e
Mo
un
tain
Th
e P
ac
tth
e B
etra
yal o
f C
hri
st :
Du
ccio
an
d G
iott
o
Lif
e o
f J
es
us
(re
ve
rse
sid
e o
f M
ae
sta
a
lta
rpie
ce
)
Vir
gin
an
d C
hild
En
thro
ne
d w
ith
Sa
ints
, te
mp
era
/pa
nel
, 7
x
13
' (c
en
tra
l pa
ne
l)
Du
cc
io d
i B
uo
nin
se
gn
a
Ma
es
ta A
lta
rpie
ce
13
08
-11
"th
e r
ela
xe
d B
yza
nti
ne
sty
le"
14
th c
en
tury
Ita
ly:
rep
ub
lics
(V
enic
e, F
lore
nc
e, S
ien
a)
so
ve
reig
n s
tate
s (
Na
ple
s, M
ilan
an
d a
fe
w
oth
ers
)p
ap
al s
tate
s (
Ro
me
an
d a
fe
w o
the
rs)
Thi
s im
age
and
the
text
cor
resp
ondi
ng to
this
imag
e m
ay o
nly
be u
sed
for
nonc
omm
erci
al, e
duca
tiona
l, an
d sc
hola
rly
purp
oses
.Im
ageP
age
3 of
7
Pro
to r
enai
ssan
ce 1
4th
cent
Ita
ly.p
rs
Am
bro
gio
Lo
ren
zett
i:
Th
e A
lle
go
ry a
nd
Eff
ec
ts o
f G
oo
d a
nd
Ba
d G
ove
rnm
en
t in
th
e C
ity
an
d t
he
Co
un
try
13
38
-39
Sa
la d
ell
a P
ac
e i
n t
he
Pa
lazz
o
Pu
bli
co
Ma
rtin
i: A
nn
un
cia
tio
n w
ith
SS
. An
san
us
an
d J
ulit
ta
(alt
arp
iece
) 13
33, t
emp
era
on
wo
od
, 10'
1 x
8'8
-3/4
Inte
rna
tio
na
l sty
le:
furt
he
r re
lax
ati
on
of
the
B
yza
nti
ne
str
on
ge
r G
oth
ic in
flu
en
ce
gre
ate
r e
leg
an
ce
a m
ore
"c
ou
rtly
" s
tyle
term
: tr
ac
ery
Thi
s im
age
and
the
text
cor
resp
ondi
ng to
this
imag
e m
ay o
nly
be u
sed
for
nonc
omm
erci
al, e
duca
tiona
l, an
d sc
hola
rly
purp
oses
.Im
ageP
age
4 of
7
Pro
to r
enai
ssan
ce 1
4th
cent
Ita
ly.p
rs
Ro
gie
r v
an
de
r W
ey
de
n:
De
po
sit
ion
(D
es
ce
nt)
fro
m t
he
Cro
ss(c
en
ter
pa
ne
l of
trip
tyc
h)
oil
on
pa
nel
, 86
1/2
x 1
03
in
ca
. 14
35
Hu
go
an
d J
an
v
an
Ey
ck
:
Gh
en
t A
lta
rpie
ce
,1
43
2
oil
on
wo
od
7'7
x 1
1'6
(c
lose
d)
14
'5 x
11
'6 (
op
en
)d
on
ors
: Ja
n V
yd
an
d
Isa
be
l Bo
rlu
ut
Co
nc
ep
t q
ue
sti
on
s:
Ho
w d
oe
s t
he
co
urt
an
d w
ea
lth
y m
erc
ha
nt
pa
tro
na
ge
sh
ap
e t
he
co
nte
nt
an
d
ap
pe
ara
nc
e o
f re
ligio
us
an
d s
ec
ula
r a
rt?
Wh
y d
oe
s t
he
po
rtra
it –
ab
se
nt
in a
rt f
or
ne
arl
y 1
00
0 y
ea
rs –
re
turn
in t
his
pe
rio
d?
dif
fere
nc
es
be
tw. N
ort
he
rn E
uro
pe
an
d It
aly
:
relig
iou
s p
rac
tic
es
in N
E n
ot
do
min
ate
d b
y
the
Ch
urc
h a
s t
he
y a
re in
Ita
ly:
the
y a
re
mo
re p
riv
ate
an
d in
div
idu
aliz
ed
NE
art
ists
be
gin
to
us
e o
il-b
as
ed
pig
me
nts
in
ste
ad
of
tem
pe
ra
NE
art
sh
ow
s g
rea
ter
inte
res
t in
su
rfa
ce
d
eta
il; b
y t
he
mid
-15
th c
en
t., I
talia
n a
rt w
ill
be
mo
re in
tere
ste
d in
a r
ea
listi
c s
pa
tia
l s
ett
ing
(a
s o
pp
os
ed
to
na
tura
listi
c d
eta
il)
Go
als
:U
nd
ers
tan
d t
he
eff
ect
of
po
litic
al p
ow
er
in
the
dev
elo
pm
en
t o
f N
ort
he
rn E
uro
pe
an
art
.
Ex
am
ine
th
e v
ari
ety
an
d t
yp
es
of
me
dia
u
sed
in a
rt in
th
is p
eri
od
.
Ide
nti
fy s
pe
cif
ic a
rtis
ts, t
hei
r re
sp
ec
tiv
e
sty
les
, an
d t
he
ir k
ey
wo
rks
of
art
.
Un
de
rsta
nd
th
e in
teg
rati
on
of
sa
cre
d a
nd
s
ecu
lar
po
wer
an
d w
eal
th, a
lon
g w
ith
its
re
su
lta
nt
dis
pla
y in
art
.
No
rth
ern
Eu
rop
e i
n t
he
15th
C
en
tury
Thi
s im
age
and
the
text
cor
resp
ondi
ng to
this
imag
e m
ay o
nly
be u
sed
for
nonc
omm
erci
al, e
duca
tiona
l, an
d sc
hola
rly
purp
oses
.Im
ageP
age
5 of
7
Pro
to r
enai
ssan
ce 1
4th
cent
Ita
ly.p
rs
Ro
be
rt C
am
pin
: T
he
Me
rod
e A
lta
rpie
ce
; c
a.
14
25-1
428
, te
mp
era
, oil/
pa
ne
l, 2
5 x
24
-7/8
"
(win
gs
= 1
1")
the
do
me
sti
c a
lta
rpie
ce
Ro
gie
r: P
hili
pp
e d
e C
roy
, c
. 14
59,
20
x 12
"R
og
ier:
Po
rtra
it o
f a
La
dy
ca
. 14
60,
14
x 11
"
Me
mlin
g:
Dip
tyc
h o
f M
aa
rte
n v
an
N
ieu
we
nh
ov
e, 1
48
7, o
il o
n w
oo
d
Me
mlin
g:
To
mm
aso
Po
rtin
ari
14
70
, Oil
on
wo
od
17
3/8
x 1
3 1/
4 in
.
Ma
ria
Po
rtin
ari
14
70,
Oil
on
wo
od
17
3/8
x 1
3 1
/4 in
.
Ja
n v
an
Ey
ck:
M
an
in a
Re
d
Tu
rban
, 14
33
oil
on
oa
k, 1
0 1
/4x
7 1
/2"
Ro
gie
r v
an d
er
We
yd
en
:
St.
Lu
ke
D
raw
ing
th
e
Vir
gin
ca
. 14
35
-40
Oil
an
d t
em
pe
ra
on
pa
ne
l5
4 1
/8 x
43
5/8
in.
Thi
s im
age
and
the
text
cor
resp
ondi
ng to
this
imag
e m
ay o
nly
be u
sed
for
nonc
omm
erci
al, e
duca
tiona
l, an
d sc
hola
rly
purp
oses
.Im
ageP
age
6 of
7
Pro
to r
enai
ssan
ce 1
4th
cent
Ita
ly.p
rs
Sa
int
An
tho
ny
T
orm
en
ted
by
D
em
on
s
Ma
rtin
Sc
ho
ng
au
er
En
gra
vin
gc
a.
148
0s
11 1
3/1
6 x
8 9
/16
in.
co
mp
are
w:
Ass
um
pti
on
o
f th
e V
irg
in, c
entr
al p
an
el
Ho
ly B
loo
d
Alt
arp
iec
e
Tilm
an
R
iem
en
sch
ne
ide
r
15
01-1
50
5
wo
od
Th
e H
oly
Ro
ma
n E
mp
ire
(to
da
y:
Ge
rma
ny
)J
an
va
n E
yc
k:
Arn
olf
ini D
ou
ble
P
ort
rait
14
34
, oil
on
oa
k;
32
1/4
x2
3 1
/2"
Thi
s im
age
and
the
text
cor
resp
ondi
ng to
this
imag
e m
ay o
nly
be u
sed
for
nonc
omm
erci
al, e
duca
tiona
l, an
d sc
hola
rly
purp
oses
.Im
ageP
age
7 of
7
Pro
to r
enai
ssan
ce 1
4th
cent
Ita
ly.p
rs