PID Signposting Pattern

Herbert Van de Sompel PIDapalooza, Reykjavik, Iceland, 10 Nov 2016

Cartoon by Patrick Hochstenbach

Herbert Van de SompelLANL & DANS

@hvdsomphttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0715-6126

Acknowledgments: Geoff Bilder, Shawn Jones, Martin Klein, Michael L. Nelson, David Rosenthal, Harihar Shankar, Simeon Warner,

Karl Ward, Joe Wass

A Signposting Pattern for PIDshttp://signposting.org

Signposting is funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

• A Disconcerting Observation

• A Proposed Fix Using Signposting

• Signposting, The Bigger Picture

• Additional Signposting Patterns

Outline

Large Scale Study into Reference Rot for Links to Web-at-Large Resources Found in STM Articles

Martin Klein, Herbert Van de Sompel, et al. (2014) Scholarly context not found. In: PLOS ONEhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115253

Shawn Jones, Herbert Van de Sompel, et al. (2016) Scholarly context adrift. Under review.

STM Articles in the Study

STM articles published 1997-2012 arXiv PMC totalPer corpus 707,667 479,194 1,186,861

With URI references to articles 51,574 240,857 292,431

With URI references to web-at-large resources 142,134 156,160 298,294

Articles that Link to Articles & to Web At Large Resources (PMC)

URI References in the Study

URI References arXiv PMC totalPer corpus 781,895 1,653,567 2,435,462

Excluded 1,555 428,036 429,591

To articles 434,163 744,678 1,178,841

To web-at-large resources 346,177 480,853 827,030

URI References to Articles & to Web At Large Resources (PMC)

• When classifying URI references as linking to articles, we assumed that filtering on http://dx.doi.org/* would do the trick

• But we found a lot of e.g. http://link.springer.com/article/*

• For example:• http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00799-014-018-0

• Instead of:• http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00799-014-0108-0

• We used CrossRef’s Reverse Domain Lookup to classify these URI references as linking to articles and went on with our reference rot research

A Disconcerting Observation

Hiberlink Results: Link Rot - arXiv

Hiberlink Results: Content Drift - arXiv

Shawn Jones, Herbert Van de Sompel, et al. (2016) Scholarly context adrift. Under review.

Under review

Hiberlink Results: Robust Links

http://robustlinks.mementoweb.org

A Closer Look at the Disconcerting Observation

Herbert Van de Sompel, Martin Klein, and Shawn Jones (2016) Persistent URIs Must Be Used to Be Persistent. In: WWW2016. http://arxiv.org/1602.09102

A Closer Look at the Disconcerting Observation - arXiv

A Closer Look at the Disconcerting Observation - PMC

• CrossRef’s publisher baseURLs represents the state of the DOI resolver at the time of the research• Some shouldbeDOI may have been classified as web-at-large

because old publisher baseURLs are no longer in the resolver

• At the time of the research, no public information was available about when a publisher started to assign DOIs• Some references may have wrongly been classified as

shouldbeDOI because publisher was not yet assigning DOIs in earlier years

• Findings for recent years do not suffer from the above

Caveats Regarding the Disconcerting Observation

Content Types of ”200 OK” shouldbeDOI Resources, Year 2012

Content Type arXiv PMCtext/html 19,649 63,769

application/pdf 153 1,813

text/plain 7 3,924

image/jpeg 1 64

other 46 74

none provided 2,118 5,210

total 21,974 74,854

Content Length of ”200 OK” shouldbeDOI Resources, Year 2012

Content Length arXiv PMC1-50 k 6,084 7,215

50-100 k 772 12,804

100-150 k 225 4,835

150-200 k 33 7,885

200+ k 216 9,423

chunked 4,100 20,596

none provided 10,544 12,096

total 21,974 74,854

Top Target baseURLs for shouldbeDOI Resources, 1997-2012

arXiv PMCams.org biomedcentral.com

adsabs.harvard.edu scripts.iucr.org

link.aps.org ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

stacks.aip.org frontiersin.org

link.aip.org ccforum.com

emis.de nar.oxfordjournals.org

springerlink.com nature.com

jstor.org elsevier.com

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov jcb.org

sciencemag.org jmir.org

Outline

• The PID URI is not in the browser’s address bar, when at:• The landing page• The PDF• The dataset• Any web resource that is part of the PID-identified object

• Status quo:• Provide the PID URI in copy/paste-able manner in landing page• Provide PID URI in a downloadable citation• Embed PID URI in an XMP container

• Desired: The ability for tools to uniformely discover the PID URI when at any web resource that is part of a PID-identified object

Status Quo

HTTP Links

Mark Nottingham (2010) RFC5988: Web Linking. http://tools.iets.org/rfc/rfc5988.txt

HTTP Links

HTTP Links Are Used

curl –I http://dbpedia.org/data/Reykjavik

HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Thu, 27 Oct 2016 04:43:28 GMTContent-Type: application/rdf+xml; charset=UTF-8Content-Length: 1210Link: <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> ; rel=“license", <http://dbpedia.org/data/Reykjavik> ; rel="alternate"; type="text/n3", <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Reykjavik>; rel="describes", <http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/dbpedia/timegate/http://dbpedia.org/ data/Reykjavik> ; rel="timegate"

HTTP Links Are Used

HTTP Link Are Used

• Registered in IANA registry• Strings, e.g. license, alternate, describes, timegate• Requires a formal specification, e.g. RFC• Typically used for common relationships, generically specified• Provides broad, coarse grained interoperability

• Minted by a community• URIs, e.g. http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/primaryTopic• Requires community agreement• Can be as specific as desired• Can provide community-specific, fine grained interoperability

HTTP Link Relation Types

Proposal: Use HTTP Link with identifier Relation Type

curl –I http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november15/vandesompel/11vandesompel.html

HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Wed, 26 Oct 2016 12:36:37 GMTServer: Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS)Last-Modified: Thu, 19 Nov 2015 14:50:19 GMTETag: "205a5e-f5ef-524e5e0ab80c0"Accept-Ranges: bytesContent-Length: 62959Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8Link: <https://doi.org/10.1045/november2015-vandesompel> ; rel=“identifier”

Michael Nelson and Herbert Van de Sompel (2016) Linking to Persistent Identifiers with rel=“identifier”http://ws-dl.blogspot.nl/2016/11/2016-11-07-linking-to-persistent.html

Proposal: Use HTTP Link with identifier Relation Type

http://signposting.org/identifier/dryad/

• Can uniformly be used for all MIME types

• Accessible via HTTP HEAD (no content transfer):• Works for large resources• Can work for restricted content• Unbelievable but True: Many publishers don’t support HEAD

• In many cases, HTTP identifier links can be implemented using simple URI rewrite rules in web server• The URIs of web resources that are part of PID-identified object

many times contain the PID

• Allows addressing many other patterns using basic technology

HTTP Links Are Pretty Neat

Outline

Signposting the Scholarly Web

http://signposting.org

Herbert Van de Sompel and Michael L. Nelson (2015) Reminiscing about 15 years of interoperability efforts. https://doi.org/10.1045/november2015-vandesompel

Reminiscing About Interoperability for Scholarly Communication

I Have Done My Fair Share

OAI-PMH

OAI-ORE

Memento

Shared Canvas

info URI

Open Annotation

ResourceSync

Robust Links

OpenURL

• A highly distributed activity

• Try turning this distributed activity from a gathering of silos into an ecology of collaborating repositories• In the web context, this seems like a rather unique challenge• Most web enterprises want dominance, not collaboration

• Interoperability as an enabler to connect resources from distributed repositories• Repositories expose uniform behaviors• Multiple parties can interact uniformly with (resources of) these

repositories to create added-value

Research Communication on the Web

Tools of the Web-Centric Interoperability Trade

• Resource• URI• HTTP as the API: HEAD/GET, POST, PUT, DELETE• Representation• Media Type• Link• Content Negotiation, e.g. for preferred Media Type

• Typed Link• Controlled Vocabularies for Typed Links

W3C Architecture of the World Wide

Tools of the Web-Centric Interoperability Trade – RDF Stack

• Resource• URI• HTTP as the API: HEAD/GET, POST, PUT, DELETE• Representation• Media Type• Link• Content Negotiation, e.g. for preferred Media Type

RDF, RDFS, OWL

Used by various interoperability efforts, e.g. OAI-ORE, Open Annotation, W3C PROV, Research Objects, …

• Provides extensive expressiveness for description• Typically based on publishing documents that adhere to a certain

“profile” and reveal relations, properties, …• Non-Trivial barrier to entry as illustrated by slow adoption, likely

related to unfamiliar technology stack

Interoperability via RDF, RDFS, OWL Stack

Tools of the Web-Centric Interoperability Trade – HTTP Stack

• Resource• URI• HTTP as the API• Representation• Media Types• Link• Content Negotiation, e.g. for preferred Media Type

HTTP Links, IANA link

relation registry, community link relation types

HATEOAS – Hypermedia As The Engine Of Application State

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HATEOAS

Used by Memento, ResourceSync, Signposting the Scholarly Web:

• Provides coarse expressiveness for navigation via IANA registered relation types (expressed as reserved terms)

• Finer grained expressiveness via community-defined relation types (expressed as HTTP URIs)

• Typically based on publishing typed links that support a client to navigate among resources in an informed manner

• Low implementation barrier because of familiar technology stack

Interoperability via HTTP Links, IANA Link Relation Types

Outline

• Identifier pattern

• Publication boundary pattern

• Bibliographic metadata pattern

Currently at signposting.org

Publication Boundary Pattern

http://signposting.org/publication_boundary/oxford/

Bibliographic Metadata Pattern

http://signposting.org/bibliographic_metadata/springer/

Bibliographic Metadata Pattern

http://signposting.org/conventions/

Use Case: Resource Capture for Digital Preservation

Herbert Van de Sompel, David Rosenthal, and Michael L. Nelson (2015) Web Infrastructure to Support e-Journal Preservation (and More). http://arxiv.org/abs/1605.06154

• Author pattern• author link from DOI URI to ORCID URI• author link from landing page to ORCID URI

• License pattern• license link from web resources that are part of a scholarly

object to the appropriate license URI

• Resource type pattern• type relation type on the web resource itself • sem-type attribute on links to a web resource• URIs to express resource types

• Which? How coarse/fine grained?

Expected at signposting.org

Resource Type Pattern

Cartoon by: Patrick Hochstenbach

Herbert Van de SompelLANL & DANS

@hvdsomphttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0715-6126

Acknowledgments: Geoff Bilder, Shawn Jones, Martin Klein, Michael L. Nelson, David Rosenthal, Harihar Shankar, Simeon Warner,

Karl Ward, Joe Wass

A Signposting Pattern for PIDshttp://signposting.org

Signposting is funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

PID Signposting Pattern

Internet

Transcript of PID Signposting Pattern

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