Post on 31-Aug-2020
Piaget & Vygotsky: (Cognitive Development)
Joshua KehoeAndre`
MartirossianDakota Weindel
Mike Mead
Lev
Vygotsky
What is Cognitive Development?
As researched by Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky (The most well know psychologist’ to study cognitive development)
• Cognitive Model- Describes how people's perceptions about situations influence the emotional, behavioral, physiological reactions
• What is Development- Refers to the change that occurs in physical, cognitive, and socioemotional functions over the course of your life.
• Cognitive Development- This is the construction of thought processes, including memory, problem solving, and decision making. This happens from childhood to adulthood.
Who is Jean Piaget?
• Born 1896-1980• Swiss Clinical Psychologist• First Psychologist to make a systematic study of Cognitive Development• Created his own Theory of Cognitive Development
Theory of Cognitive Development
Consists of 3 main parts:1. Schemas2. Adaption • Equilibrium• Assimilation• Accommodation3. 4 Stages of Development
The Schema
• In Piaget’s words a schema is cohesive, repeatable action sequence possessing component actions that are tightly interconnected and governed by a core meaning.
• When talking about development of mental processes, he refers to the increases in number and complexity of Schemata.
• Building Block of Intelligent behavior• Think of a Schema as an Index card, where the card is syntax for incoming
stimuli.
Adaption Processes
• Equilibrium- When a child’s existing schema’s are capable of explaining what they can perceive around it, Driving Force for development
• Accommodation- When the existing schema does not work, and needs to be improved to deal with the new situation
• Assimilation- Using an existing schema to deal with a new situation
Stages of Development
• Sensorimotor- Birth 2rs, Object Permanence • Preoperational- 2-7 yrs, Symbolic Play, Egocentrism, Conservation• Concrete Operational- 7-11 yrs, Operational Thought, Inductive
Reasoning, Reversibility• Formal Operational- 11 yrs+, Abstract Thought, Logically Test
Hypothesis
Classroom Applications
• Teaching and Learning Application
• Discovery Learning
• Biological Maturation and development
Applications in other Manners
• Focus on the process of learning, rather than the end product of it.
• Using active methods that require rediscovering or reconstructing "truths".
• Using collaborative, as well as individual activities (so children can learn from each other).
• Devising situations that present useful problems, and create disequilibrium in the child.
• Evaluate the level of the child's development, so suitable tasks can be set.
Who is Lev Vygotsky?
• Born in Russia on November 19, 1896 and dying at the young age of 37 on June 11, 1934.
• He graduated college from Moscow State University and majored in Psychology.
• Throughout his life he created Vygotsky's Circle, an informal network of psychologists, educationalists, medical specialists, and neuroscientists.
• He also made a Theory on Cognitive development and how that affects a child's growth and development throughout his life.
Why is Lev Vygotsky important to cognitive development?
• His theory implied the ideas that social and cultural interactions play a role on how children learn and develop.
• Learning can lead or precede development in contrast to Piaget's theory
Classroom Applications
• Reciprocal learning• Scaffolding• Apprenticeship• Collaborative Learning
CritiquesJean Piaget
• Measurability• Falsifiable • Predictability• Fecundity • Predictive Validity• Replicability and Verifiability• Nature or Nurture • Passive or active
Lev Vygotsky
• Measurability• Non Measurability • Falsifiability• Predictive Validity • Fecundity • Replicability and Verifiability• nature or Nurture• Passive or active
Conclusion
References • Jean Piaget. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2016, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html
• Lev Vygotsky. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky
• Vygotsky Circle. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vygotsky_Circle
• Vygotsky Circle. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2016, from http://www.digplanet.
com/wiki/Vygotsky_Circle
• Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2016, from http://www.muskingum.
edu/~psych/psycweb/history/vygotsky.htm