Post on 01-Dec-2014
Physostigma venunosum
Submitted by:
Jaideep Sarkar
The Calabar Bean – Physostigma venenosum
•
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE
Dried ripe seed of Physostigma venenosum,
Family Leguminosae , not less than 0.15% alkaloid
Physostigmine.
CULTIVATION
1. It is a perineal, woody climber, grows on banks of streams.
2. It has papilionaceous type flower, legume fruit having 15cm length.
3. Each legume contains 2-3 seeds.
COLLECTION
1. Collected in seed form from plant when 1-2 years.
2. It is then dried in under sun or fire.
3. Then packed in lose container
PROCESSING Seeds are dried , powdered and sieved
Extracted by continuous percolation with 95% ethanol
Solvent remove by distillation
Add water to separate fatty layer
Add Na2CO3 to lower aqueous layer
Extract with ether
Etherical extract concentrated to small volume
Wash with 5% H2SO4
Add Sodium Salicylate to this solution
Physostigmine is obtained as crystals
Commercial Varieties
1. Lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus)
2. Phaseolus muttferous
Chemical constituents
Physostigmine => Eserine, Eseramine, Isophysostigmine, Physominine, Geneserine, Calabatine
Physostigmine or Eserine
Substitute
1. Mucuna ureus
2. Cali nuts or Cali beans
Adulterant
1. Palm seeds2. Seeds of Mucuna
Uses
1. Cholinergic substituent,
2. antispasmodic,
3. rheumatoid arthritis,
4. fibrocytis,
5. glaucoma,
6. veterinary medicines for horses in coelic pain
N C O
OCH3
H
N
N
CH3
CH3
CH3 C O
O
CH2 CH2 N+
CH3
CH3
CH3
Chemical tests
1) Sample + 0.5% KOH= Deep yellow colour- Physostigmine present
2) Physostigmine + K4FeCN6 + FeCl3= Intense blue colour- Physostigmine present
3) Sample solution + light/heat= Red colour- Physostigmine present
REFERENCES
1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indole
2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar bean
3) http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/c/ calbea05.html
4 ) http://chestofbooks.com/health/materia-medica-drugs/Textbook-Materia-Medica/Calabar-Beans-Semina-Physostigmatis.html
5) http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http:// plants.usda.gov/gallery/standard/phve11_001_shp.jpg&imgrefurl=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile%3Fsymbol%3DPHVE11&usg=__HlwQFMhPYbi0pZmg5bDXZ5KrHg8=&h=
6) http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-50-CALABAR%20BEAN.aspx?activeIngredientId=50&activeIngredientName=CALABAR%20BEAN