Physics Unit 3 - Andrews Universityrwright/physics...Β Β· Unit named after James Watt who invented...

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Physics Unit 3

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𝐽 =π‘˜π‘” β‹… π‘š2

𝑠2

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π‘Š = 𝐹𝑑 cos πœƒπ‘Š = 60 𝑁 100 π‘š cos 30Β° = 5196 𝐽

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π‘Š = 𝐹𝑑 cos πœƒπ‘Š = 200 𝑁 100 π‘š cos 90Β° = 0 𝐽

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F = 200 N (lift up)d = 2 m (down)

π‘Š = 𝐹𝑑 cos πœƒ = 200 𝑁 2 π‘š cos 180Β° = βˆ’400 𝐽

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π‘š = 0.075 π‘˜π‘”, 𝑠 = 0.90 π‘š, 𝑣0 = 0π‘š

𝑠, 𝑣𝑓 = 40

π‘š

π‘ π‘Š = 𝐾𝐸𝑓 βˆ’ 𝐾𝐸0

𝐹 0.90 π‘š =1

20.075 π‘˜π‘” 40

π‘š

𝑠

2

βˆ’1

20.075 π‘˜π‘” 0

π‘š

𝑠

2

𝐹 0.90 π‘š = 60 𝐽𝐹 = 66.7 𝑁

4. Use 𝑣2 = 𝑣02 + 2π‘Ž π‘₯ βˆ’ π‘₯0 which becomes 𝑣2 = 2π‘”β„Ž

6. 010. It would jump higher

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PE changes to KE

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π‘Š = 𝐹𝑑𝑃𝐸𝑆 = π‘Žπ‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘”π‘’ π‘“π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘š 0 π‘‘π‘œ π‘˜π‘₯ 𝑏𝑦 π»π‘œπ‘œπ‘˜π‘’β€²π‘  πΏπ‘Žπ‘€ π‘₯

𝑃𝐸𝑆 =1

2π‘˜π‘₯ β‹… π‘₯

𝑃𝐸𝑆 =1

2π‘˜π‘₯2

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π‘Ž) π‘Š = 𝐹𝑑

π‘Š =1

2π‘˜π‘₯2

π‘Š =1

22.22 Γ— 105

𝑁

π‘š0.03 π‘š 2 = 99.9 𝐽

𝑏) 𝐾𝐸𝑓 + 𝑃𝐸𝑓 = 𝐾𝐸0 + 𝑃𝐸01

2π‘šπ‘£π‘“

2 +1

2π‘˜π‘₯𝑓

2 =1

2π‘šπ‘£0

2 +1

2π‘˜π‘₯0

2

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20.050 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓

2 + 0 = 0 +1

22.22 Γ— 105

𝑁

π‘š0.03 π‘š 2

0.025 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓2 = 99.9 𝐽

𝑣𝑓2 = 3996

π‘š2

𝑠2

𝑣𝑓 = 63.2π‘š

𝑠𝑐) 𝐾𝐸𝑓 + 𝑃𝐸𝐺𝑓 + 𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑓 = 𝐾𝐸0 + 𝑃𝐸𝐺0 + 𝑃𝐸𝑆0

At end of barrel1

2π‘šπ‘£π‘“

2 +π‘šπ‘”β„Žπ‘“ + 0 = 0 + 0 +1

2π‘˜π‘₯0

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20.050 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓

2 + 0.050 π‘˜π‘” 9.80π‘š

𝑠20.03 π‘š =

1

22.22 Γ— 105

𝑁

π‘š0.03 π‘š 2

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0.025 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓2 + 0.0147 𝐽 = 99.9 𝐽

0.025 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓2 = 99.8853 𝐽

𝑣𝑓2 = 3995.412

π‘š2

𝑠2

𝑣𝑓 = 63.2π‘š

𝑠At top of path

𝐾𝐸𝑓 + 𝑃𝐸𝐺𝑓 = 𝐾𝐸0 + 𝑃𝐸𝐺01

2π‘šπ‘£π‘“

2 +π‘šπ‘”β„Žπ‘“ =1

2π‘šπ‘£0

2 +π‘šπ‘”β„Ž0

0 + 0.050 π‘˜π‘” 9.80π‘š

𝑠2β„Žπ‘“ =

1

20.050 π‘˜π‘” 63.2

π‘š

𝑠

2

+ 0

0.49 π‘˜π‘” β‹…π‘š

𝑠2β„Žπ‘“ = 99.9 𝐽

β„Žπ‘“ = 204 π‘š

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𝑃𝐸0 + 𝐾𝐸0 = 𝑃𝐸𝑓 + 𝐾𝐸𝑓

π‘šπ‘”β„Ž0 +1

2π‘šπ‘£0

2 = π‘šπ‘”β„Žπ‘“ +1

2π‘šπ‘£π‘“

2

1500 π‘˜π‘” 9.8π‘š

𝑠250 π‘š +

1

21500 π‘˜π‘” 20

π‘š

𝑠

2

= 0 +1

21500 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓

2

𝑣𝑓 = 37.1 π‘š/𝑠

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𝐸0 +π‘Šπ‘›π‘ = 𝐸𝑓1

2π‘šπ‘£0

2 +π‘šπ‘”β„Ž0 +π‘Šπ‘›π‘ =1

2π‘šπ‘£π‘“

2 +π‘šπ‘”β„Žπ‘“

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2200 π‘˜π‘” 0 2 + 200 π‘˜π‘” 9.8

π‘š

𝑠20 +π‘Šπ‘›π‘

=1

2200 π‘˜π‘” 500

π‘š

𝑠

2

+ 200 π‘˜π‘” 9.8π‘š

𝑠25000 π‘š

π‘Šπ‘›π‘ = 2.50 Γ— 107 𝐽 + 9.80 Γ— 106 π½π‘Šπ‘›π‘ = 3.48 Γ— 107 𝐽

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𝐸0 +π‘Šπ‘›π‘ = 𝐸𝑓1

2π‘šπ‘£0

2 +π‘šπ‘”β„Ž0 +π‘Šπ‘›π‘ =1

2π‘šπ‘£π‘“

2 +π‘šπ‘”β„Žπ‘“

0 + 1500 π‘˜π‘” 9.8π‘š

𝑠210 π‘š +π‘Šπ‘›π‘ =

1

21500 π‘˜π‘” 12

π‘š

𝑠

2

+ 0

π‘Šπ‘›π‘ = βˆ’39000 𝐽

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𝐸0 +π‘Šπ‘›π‘ = 𝐸𝑓1

2π‘šπ‘£0

2 +π‘šπ‘”β„Ž0 +π‘Šπ‘›π‘ =1

2π‘šπ‘£π‘“

2 +π‘šπ‘”β„Žπ‘“

0 + 0 + 800000 𝐽 =1

290 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓

2 + 90 π‘˜π‘” 9.8π‘š

𝑠250 π‘š

129.6π‘š

𝑠= 𝑣𝑓

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Unit named after James Watt who invented the steam engineIn the American system, horsepower is often usedOne horsepower is moving 550 pounds 1 foot in 1 second

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Power in the human body would be how quickly calories are being burnedLook at the table on page 166 to compare the power with the activity

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v0 = 0vf = 100 km/h = 27.78 m/st = 3.2 sm = 500 kg

𝑃 =π‘Š

𝑑

𝑃 =

12π‘šπ‘£π‘“

2 βˆ’12π‘šπ‘£0

2

𝑑

𝑃 =

12 1000 π‘˜π‘” 27.78

π‘šπ‘ 

2βˆ’ 0

3.2 𝑠= 121000 π‘Š

𝑃 = 1000π‘Š = 1 π‘˜π‘Š, 𝑑 = 2 π‘šπ‘–π‘› =1

30β„Ž

𝑃 =π‘Š

𝑑

1 π‘˜π‘Š =π‘Š

130 β„Ž

π‘Š =1

30π‘˜π‘Šβ„Ž

π‘π‘œπ‘ π‘‘ =1

30π‘˜π‘Šβ„Ž $0.10 = $0.0033

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From 2008 units are billions of kWh

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𝐹Δ𝑑 = π‘šπ‘£π‘“ βˆ’π‘šπ‘£0

𝐹Δ𝑑 = 0.14 π‘˜π‘” 60π‘š

π‘ βˆ’ 0.14π‘˜π‘” βˆ’40

π‘š

𝑠= 14 π‘˜π‘” π‘š/𝑠

𝐹 =14 π‘˜π‘”

π‘šπ‘ 

0.001 𝑠= 14000 𝑁

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𝐹𝑑 = π‘šπ‘£π‘“ βˆ’π‘šπ‘£0

𝐹 0.01 𝑠 = 0.001 π‘˜π‘” 0 βˆ’ 0.001 π‘˜π‘” βˆ’15π‘š

𝑠

𝐹 0.01 𝑠 = 0.015 π‘˜π‘”π‘š

𝑠𝐹 = 1.5 𝑁

𝐹 0.01 𝑠 = 0.001 π‘˜π‘” 10π‘š

π‘ βˆ’ 0.001 π‘˜π‘” βˆ’15

π‘š

𝑠

𝐹 0.01 𝑠 = 0.025 π‘˜π‘”π‘š

𝑠𝐹 = 2.5 𝑁

Hailstones are usually more massive than raindrops so that the force is even greater.The rebounding adds force to the collision

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The person has more mass than the bullet.Since they are half the mass, they will move at twice the speed. Mass and speed ratios are reciprocals.

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Usually only two objects for linear momentum because very rarely do more than two object hit at the same time. It usually happens that two hit, and then one of those hits another.Internal forces the objects pushing each otherExternal forces gravity pulling the objects down

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F12 and F21 are action-reaction pair from Newton’s Third Law are equal and opposite

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Isolated system = no external forces

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𝑝0 = π‘π‘“π‘š1𝑣01 +π‘š2𝑣02 = π‘š1𝑣𝑓1 +π‘š2𝑣𝑓2

0.17 π‘˜π‘” 5π‘š

𝑠+ 0.5 π‘˜π‘” 0

π‘š

𝑠= 0.17 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣 + 0.5 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣

0.85 π‘˜π‘”π‘š

𝑠= 0.67 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣

𝑣 = 1.27 π‘š/𝑠

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𝑝0 = π‘π‘“π‘š1𝑣01 +π‘š2𝑣02 = π‘š1𝑣𝑓1 +π‘š2𝑣𝑓2

5 π‘˜π‘” 0 + 0.15 π‘˜π‘” 0 = 5 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣 + (0.15π‘˜π‘”)(35 π‘š/𝑠)0 = 5 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣 + 5.25 π‘˜π‘” π‘š/π‘ βˆ’(5 π‘˜π‘”)𝑣 = βˆ’5.25 π‘˜π‘” π‘š/𝑠

𝑣 = 1.05 π‘š/𝑠

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4. One flies out5. Two fly out6. Three fly out7. Four fly out8. Can’t9. v10. mv is the same before and after

11. mv is the same before and after, but 𝐾𝐸 =1

2π‘šπ‘£2 will not be the same because of

the v2

𝐾𝐸 = 𝐾𝐸1

2π‘š 2𝑣 2 =

1

2π‘šπ‘£2 +

1

2π‘šπ‘£2

2π‘šπ‘£2 β‰  π‘šπ‘£2

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Demo energy lost to heat by smashing two steel balls together

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SUV crash test videoNASCAR videoCrash test humor

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Momentumπ‘šπ‘ π‘£0𝑠 +π‘šπ‘π‘£0𝑐 = π‘šπ‘ π‘£π‘“π‘  +π‘šπ‘π‘£π‘“π‘

0.1 π‘˜π‘” 1π‘š

𝑠+ 0.05 π‘˜π‘” 0 = 0.1 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓𝑠 + 0.05 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓𝑐

0.1 π‘˜π‘”π‘š

𝑠= 0.1 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓𝑠 + 0.05 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓𝑐

𝑣𝑓𝑠 = 1π‘š/𝑠 βˆ’ 0.5 𝑣𝑓𝑐Kinetic Energy

1

2π‘šπ‘ π‘£0𝑠

2 +1

2π‘šπ‘π‘£0𝑐

2 =1

2π‘šπ‘ π‘£π‘“π‘ 

2 +1

2π‘šπ‘π‘£π‘“π‘

2

1

20.1 π‘˜π‘” 1

π‘š

𝑠

2

+ 0 =1

20.1 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓𝑠

2 +1

20.05 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓𝑐

2

0.05 𝐽 = 0.05 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓𝑠2 + 0.025 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓𝑐

2

𝑣𝑓𝑠2 + 0.5 𝑣𝑓𝑐

2 = 1π‘š

𝑠

2

1π‘š

π‘ βˆ’ 0.5𝑣𝑓𝑐

2

+ 0.5 𝑣𝑓𝑐2 = 1

π‘š

𝑠

2

1π‘š

𝑠

2

βˆ’ 1π‘š

𝑠𝑣𝑓𝑐 + 0.25 𝑣𝑓𝑐

2 + 0.5 𝑣𝑓𝑐2 = 1

π‘š

𝑠

2

βˆ’ 1π‘š

𝑠𝑣𝑓𝑐 + 0.75 𝑣𝑓𝑐

2 = 0

𝑣𝑓𝑐 βˆ’1π‘š

𝑠+ 0.75 𝑣𝑓𝑐 = 0

𝑣𝑓𝑐 = 0 π‘œπ‘Ÿ 1.33 π‘š/𝑠

𝑣𝑓𝑠 = 1π‘š

π‘ βˆ’ 0.5 𝑣𝑓𝑐

𝑉𝑓𝑠 = 1 π‘š/𝑠 βˆ’ 0.5(1.33 π‘š/𝑠) = 0.333 π‘š/𝑠

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Do an actual demonstrationCollision

π‘šπ‘π‘£0𝑏 +π‘šπ‘€π‘£0𝑀 = π‘šπ‘π‘£π‘“π‘ +π‘šπ‘€π‘£π‘“π‘€0.01 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣0𝑏 + 0 = 0.01 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓 + 3 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓

0.01 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣0𝑏 = 3.01 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓After collision

β„Ž = 0.5 π‘š βˆ’ 0.5 π‘š cos 40Β° = 0.1170 π‘šπ‘ƒπΈ0 + 𝐾𝐸0 = 𝑃𝐸𝑓 + 𝐾𝐸𝑓

0 +1

23.01 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓

2 = 3.01 π‘˜π‘” 9.8π‘š

𝑠2(0.1170 π‘š) + 0

1.505 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣𝑓2 = 3.45 𝐽

𝑣𝑓 = 1.51 π‘š/𝑠

Combine

0.01 π‘˜π‘” 𝑣0𝑏 = 3.01 π‘˜π‘” 1.51π‘š

𝑠𝑣0𝑏 = 455 π‘š/𝑠

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